• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 1998

This study is intended to suggest the method of text arrangement in order to enhance visual perception which would help darify its communication. One hundred subjects without restriction of gender and profession participated in each experiment :their reading time was measured by the 0.01 second. The Analysis of Variance(two-way ANOVA without interaction) was performed for each experiment and the p value was 0.0001 which implies that there was a strong consistency among test results. Based on the first results, it is found that there is a consistent relationship between type size and text line length, and the following discovery was made ; the most effective ratio of type size to line length is approximately 1 :8. Judging from the Second and Third results, it seems that the vertical text arrangement is most efficient for reading regardless of text line length. So to make same rreading direction is more important than to narrow down the eye moving distance between column and column for efficient visual flow. This research supports the view that considering efficient eye movement on text, it is important to understand the mentioned variables that affect visual interpretation.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2003

Many people get plenty of information from World Wide Web, and the study of the factors that affect on reading task on web browser is presenting important issue. But domestic studies on legibility of Korean on web environment were relatively poor and the study about suitable text layout for skimming wasn't carried out also. At this point, this study was performed to investigate the effects of two types of reading, three levels of line length, and three levels of interlinear spacing on comprehension and reading rate when subjects read the materials on web browser. Reading speed, error rate, subjective preference and SACL(Stress and Arousal Checklist) evaluation were measured to evaluate the effects. Eighteen volunteer subjects participated in eighteen web document sessions with two different reading types, three different line lengths, and three different interlinear spacings. Statistical results from objective and subjective evaluations indicate that 50 characters per line of line length and 100 percents of interlinear spacing improved reading rate, overall error rates were reduced when reading normally, and SACL measures were increased at fast reading type. Consequently, in order to design text layout to retrieve information in WWW environment effectively, just applying guidelines of traditional printed material is not proper. Therefore, it is effective to consider reading type, line length, and interlinear spacing. Implications of these results and suggestions for the further study are also addressed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.51-55
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• 2001

With the rapid growth of the World Wide Web and electronic information services, information is becoming available on-Line at an incredible rate. One result is the oft-decried information overload. No one has time to read everything, yet we often have to make critical decisions based on what we are able to assimilate. The technology of automatic text summarization is becoming indispensable for dealing with this problem. Text summarization is the process of distilling the most important information from a source to produce an abridged version for a particular user or task. Information retrieval(IR) is the task of searching a set of documents for some query-relevant documents. On the other hand, text summarization is considered to be the task of searching a document, a set of sentences, for some topic-relevant sentences. In this paper, we show that document information, that is more reliable and suitable for query, using document length normalization of which is gained through information retrieval . Experimental results of this system in newspaper articles show that document length normalization method superior to other methods use query itself.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.380-384
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• 2000

Effectiveness of information conveyance in reading is affected by several factors such as line length, letter size, line spacing arrangement as well as typeface itself. This study examined relative importance of these factors by asking people to read the texts that was constituted with non-square form letter and rank the preference of texts through conjoint analysis. In the case of reading time, justification was the most important factor, followed by leading, line spacing, letter width, line length, font size, font type in their order of importance. And in the case of preference decision, letter width was the most important factor, followed by font size, justification, line spacing, leading, line length, font type. The result will be useful in understanding how to consider human preference in the hangul typography.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.27-39
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• 1999

This study examined the relative importance and the most preferred level of factors which were identified through the readability researchs. For this. subjects were given a text constructed in usual letter width with square form letter or non-square form and then. ranked the preference between the text factors. In experiment 1 where a text was printed in square letters. letter size was rated as the most important factor followed by line spacing letter width, line length, letter spacing, line justification, and letter form. But when non-square letters were used in experiment 2. the second most important factor was the letter spacing although letter size still topped the list. These findings indicate the differences in letter designing principles for various types and the unfamiliarity to non-square letter forms for general public. Unlike inYi and Jin(1998) where letter width turned out to be the most sensitive factor, the highest priority should be given to letter size when publishing with usual letter width.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.10
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• pp.120-129
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• 1996

This paper presents an efficient block segmentation and classification using the edge information of the document image. We extract four prominent features form the edge gradient and orientaton, all of which, and thereby the block clssifications, are insensitive to the background noise and the brightness variation of of the image. Using these four features, we can efficiently classify a document image into the seven categrories of blocks of small-size letters, large-size letters, tables, equations, flow-charts, graphs, and photographs, the first five of which are text blocks which are character-recognizable, and the last two are non-character blocks. By introducing the clumn interval and text line intervals of the document in the determination of th erun length of CRLA (constrained run length algorithm), we can obtain an efficient block segmentation with reduced memory size. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can rigidly segment and classify the blocks of the documents into the above mentioned seven categories and classification performance is high enough for all the categories except for the graphs with too much variations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.12
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• pp.149-158
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• 1995

This paper describes the development of a software tool LCD FRAME that may guide the analyzing process for the electrical characteristics and the design procedure for constructing the thin film transistor liquid crystal display(TFT/LCD) packages. LCD FRAME can analyze its electrical characteristics from the TFT/LCD system package configuration, and provide the design variables to meet the user's requirements. These analysis and design procedure can be done in real time according to the model at simplified package level of TFT/LCD. LCD_FRAME is an object-oriented expert system which considers package elements as objects. With this LCD_FRAME software tool, we analyzed the I-V characteristics of a-Si TFT and its signal distortion which has maximum 1.58 $\mu$s delay along the panel scan line of the package containing 480 ${\times}$ 240 pixels. We designed the package structure of maximum 6.35 $\mu$s signal delays and 3360 ${\times}$ 780 pixels, and as a result we showed that the proper structure of 20 $\mu$m scan line width, 60$\mu$m panel TFT gate width and 8 $\mu$m gate length. This LCD_FRAME software tool provides results of the analysis and the design in the form of input files of the SPICE program, text data files, and graphic charts.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.193-205
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• 1993

한글의 글자꼴과 장평율 그리고 글줄 길이와 글줄꼴 처리 방식이 가독성에 미치는 효과를 측정하였다. 글자꼴은 명조체, 고딕체, 샘물체를 사용하였고, 장평율은 글자의 가로 대 세로 비율을 1 대 1, 1 대 2 그리고 2 대 1로 변형시킨 세 가지를 사용하였다. 글줄 길이는 60mm와 120mm의 두 가지로 하였고 글줄 끝에서 음절 단위로 끊어 쓴 문장과 어절 단위로 끊어 쓰되 띄어쓰기 여백을 조절한 문장과 조절하지 않은 문장을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 글자꼴에서는 명조체와 고딕체의 가독성이 샘물체보다 좋았고, 가로 대 세로의 비율이 1 대 1이거나 1 대 2인 글자의 가독성이 2 대 1인 글자의 가독성보다 우수하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 한글 정보 처리 과정에서 자모보다 글자가 중요한 시각 정보로 사용되고 한번 응시하는 동안에 표집되는 글자수가 가독성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 사실을 시사한다. 글줄 길이는 120mm일 때의 가독성이 더 좋았고 글줄 끝처리 방식은 가독성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Nowadays, reading text from screens is prevailing in everyday life. The advent of mobile information devices such as a cellular phone, PDA, and e-book reader facilitates us to enjoy various text-based contents any time and anywhere. Most studies comparing screen and paper readability show that screens are less readable than paper. Furthermore, the decrease of line length and number of lines that can be displayed on the screen of mobile information devices deteriorate text readability. This study investigated parameters affecting text readability on small screens and designed a new text layout to improve readability. We suggested a diagonally splitted layout of rectangular column, which is supposed to facilitate eye movement to trace text flow with ease. The experiment comparing readability between a traditional rectangular column and a diagonally splitted column was conducted. The result of experiment revealed that there is no significant difference between the two text layouts in terms of subjective satisfaction of reading task and a level of comprehension. However, in the screen size of $4000mm^2\;and\;8000mm^2$, reading speed was increased 18.9% and 34.0% respectively from a traditional rectangular column to a diagonally splitted column. We conducted a consecutive experiment to scrutinize the cause that improved the performance in readability task remarkably. The readability of text in a traditional rectangular column was compared with a left triangular column and a right triangular column in the condition of $4000mm^2/3:1$ ratio screen. The performance measurements revealed that participants read 21.1% and 67.6% faster respectively with the left triangular column and right triangular column than with the rectangular column. In consequence, the improvement of readability in the diagonally splitted column was attributed mainly to the increase of reading speed in the right triangular column. This research verified that the diagonally splitted column improve text readability on a small screen and this result is expected to make a contribution to designing an efficient text layout for mobile information devices

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.563-572
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• 1997

E-mail has been eidely used for unformation delivery as an Inernet serive. As multimedia etchnologies are developed rapidly, most of the recent Unternet infornation servies support multimedia data. E-mail system also needs to suport multimedia nesage. But Internet mail servise using simple maiol transfer protocol(SMTP) speci-fied in RFC 821/822 handles only ASCII text messages repressented with 7-bit code. Each line the message has the length limitation as well. Those are why it cannot satisfy the diverse user'w demands. Multipuepose Unternet mail extensions(MIMZE), which is a modification and supplement of RFC 822,was proposed for supporting transportation of multimedia data.It can solve the limitations of sizes and types in contents of a message. In this study the E-mail system has been designed and implemented according to the MIME standard in order to solve the limitations of transpotation of messages regardless of the message content type. Hypertext markup language(HTML)syntax is applied to the mail system, and so it is possible to display a message consisting of differnt media as an intergrated from for the purpose of better understanding a message. No application program is needed for displaying a message including image data,and convenience for user is considered in the system. The futuer work is to improve the E-mail system so that it may support motion pictures and sound information,Thereby tge perfor multimeda E-mail system providing inergrated user's wiew will be developed.