• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-57
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• 2002

Youngia koidzumiana is an endemic plant growing in Mt. Chiri. In our ongoing research for endemic species in Korea, we investigated the chemical constituents from the MeOH extract of Y. koidzumiana whole plants. The MeOH extract was partitioned with hexane, ethyl acetate and BuOH, successively. Four known compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction by repeated column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by the physicochemical and spectral data as germanicol acetate (1), oleanolic acid (2), brachynereolide (3) and ixerin Y (4).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2008

From the under ground part of Aconitum volubile Pall. (Ranunculaceae),seven nor- or di-terpenoid alkaloids were isolated and identified by NMR spectra and mass spectrum. The alkaloids were three $C_{19}$-norditerpenoid alkaloids such as isotalatizidine, altaconitine and vilmorrianine A, and four $C_{20}$-diterpenoid alkaloids such as 12-epidehydronapelline, 12-epinapelline, songoramine and songorine. Some of the isolated diterpenoid alkaloids were subjected to oxidation reaction with active $MnO_2$ and oxoammonium salt. The results were C-12 oxidation(ketone formation) and N-dealkylation in veatchin-type and decomposition to non-alkaloidal compounds in atisine-type ajaconine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2016

Streptococcus mutans plays a virtal role in trigering dental caries establishment due to its ability to synthesize two significant factors. The two factors are organic acids and glucans. The former demineralized dental enamel and the latter mediates the attachment of bacteria to tooth surface. It is believed that demineralization of dental enamel and attachment of bacteria are the crucial events that indicate and develop dental caries. For this reason, we studied the effect of the ethanol extracts of Radix Pulsatillae on the growth and acid production of S. mutans. Ethanol extracts of the Radix Pulsatillae showed concentration dependent inhibitory activity against the growth and acid production of S. mutans, and produced significant inhibition compared to the control groups (p<0.05). The extracts inhibited S. mutans adherence to hydroxyapatite treated with saliva, and cell adherence was repressed by Radix Pulsatillae. the ethanol extract of Radix Pulsatillae showed remarkable inhibition of glucosyltransferase, which synthesizes water insoluble glucan form sucrose. Phytochemical analysis showed Radix Pulsatillae contained major components such as phenolic compounds, glycosides, steroids, terpenoid, and saponin. These results suggest that Radix Pulsatillae may have anti-cariogenic properties, which may be related with major components such as phenolic compounds, glycosides, steroids, terpenoid, and saponin.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.158-172
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• 2017

Nigella sativa (N. sativa, family Ranunculaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been widely used for centuries throughout the world as a natural remedy. A wide range of chemical compounds found in N. sativa expresses its vast therapeutic effects. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main component (up to 50%) in the essential oil of N. sativa. Also, pinene (up to 15%), p-cymene (40%), thymohydroquinone (THQ), thymol (THY), and dithymoquinone (DTQ) are other pharmacologically active compounds of its oil. Other terpenoid compounds, such as carvacrol, carvone, 4-terpineol, limonenes, and citronellol, are also found in small quantities in its oil. The main pharmacological characteristics of this plant are immune system stimulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-cancer, hypoglycemic, anti-tussive, milk production, uricosuric, choleretic, anti-fertility, and spasmolytic properties. In this regard, we have searched the scientific databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with keywords of N. sativa, anti-cancer, apoptotic effect, antitumor, antioxidant, and malignancy over the period from 2000 to 2017. The effectiveness of N. sativa against cancer in the blood system, kidneys, lungs, prostate, liver, and breast and on many malignant cell lines has been shown in many studies, but the molecular mechanisms behind that anti-cancer role are still not clearly understood. From among the many effects of N. sativa, including its anti-proliferative effect, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, ROS generation, anti-metastasis/anti-angiogenesis effects, Akt pathway control, modulation of multiple molecular targets, including p53, p73, STAT-3, PTEN, and $PPAR-{\gamma}$, and activation of caspases, the main suggestive anti-cancer mechanisms of N. sativa are its free radical scavenger activity and the preservation of various anti-oxidant enzyme activities, such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and the anti-cancer effects of N. sativa, with a focus on its molecular targets in apoptosis pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.892-898
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• 2005

The effect of gamma irradiation on volatile components of Korean dried ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was studied and compared with non-irradiated sample. Volatile compounds from non- and irradiated samples were extracted using simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). A total of 83 and 71 compounds were identified and quantified from non-and irradiated dried ginger at dose of 10 kGy. Identified components were hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones and miscellaneous compounds. The terpenoid compounds in volatile flavor compounds identified from non and irradiatied dried ginger were $98.27\%\;and\;98.12\%$, respectively. $\alpha$ -zingiberene,$\beta$-sesquiphelland reno, geranial, (Z,E) $\alpha$ -farnesene, $\beta$ -phellandene were detected as major volatile compounds of two experimental sample. The amount of volatile components in the samples was changed by irradiation but the profile of volatiles in non- and irradiated dried ginger were the same.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.536-540
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• 1997

Volatile terpenoids of carrots were measured by the direct headspace sampling method(DHS) with gas chromatography as a study for the breeding of high quality carrots. Using this method, 7 terpenoids such as ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, ${\beta}-myrcene$, ${\alpha}-terpinene$, limonene, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, and terpinolene were clearly separated. However ${\alpha}-phellandrene$ was not clearly separated from ${\beta}-myrcene$. In addition to this, higher boiling point compounds such as terpinen-4-ol, bornyl acetate, and ${\alpha}-bisbolol$ were not found. The coefficients of $determination(r^2)$ for the 7 terpenoids were higher than 0.99 and the standard curves were highly significant. Four replicated samples using this method demonstrated great reproducibility; the coefficidnt of variation (C.V.) for ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, ${\beta}-myrcene$, limonene, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, terpinolene, and total terpenoids were 6.8, 6.8, 8.4, 7.1, 3.8, 10.1, 7.1%. Sixty five carrot cultivars breeded worldwide were evaluated for the 7 terpenoids and total terpenoids; the range for ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, ${\beta}-myrcene$, ${\alpha}-terpinene$, limonene, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, terpinolene, and total terpenoids were $0.28{\sim}2.48\;ppm$, $0.35{\sim}1.87\;ppm$, $0.56{\sim}1.51\;ppm$, 0 ppm, $0.59{\sim}1.84\;ppm$, $0.87{\sim}3.33\;ppm$, $5.15{\sim}35.81\;ppm$, and $9.07{\sim}42.30\;ppm$, respectively. Big differences in each terpenoid and total terpenoids were found among cultivars. On the total terpenoids of the 65 cultivars, 5 cultivars(7.7%) contained less than 10 ppm, 15 cultivars (23.1%) $10{\sim}11.99\;ppm$, 14 cultivars(21.5%) $12{\sim}13.99\;ppm$, 9 cultivars(13.8%) $14{\sim}15.99\;ppm$, 10 cultivars(15.4%) $16{\sim}17.99\;ppm$, 4 cultivars(6.2%) $18{\sim}19.99\;ppm$, 5 cultivars(7.7%) $20{\sim}29.99\;ppm$, and 3 cultivars(4.6%) were higher than 30 ppm. Generally, cultivars developed in Japan contained less total terpenoids than cultivars developed in Europe and America.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.23-23
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• 2018

Taiwan, formerly known as Formosa, located on tropical and subtropical climate zones with abundant biological resources. According to the latest version of the Flora of Taiwan, there are 4339 species of vascular plants including 1054 endemic species. First, Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides), named after its native island of Taiwan, have been isolated more than 500 secondary metabolites, including lignans, terpenoids, steroids, and flavonoids. Several of the metabolites are reported to have antibacterial, antifungal, antimite, antitermite and antitumor activities. In order to investigate plant secondary metabolic diversity toward industrial applications, we established deep transcriptome resources for non-model plants and fungi to produce terpenoid metabolites of economic importance. Second, many plants of Lauraceae have been utilized in folk medicine for their exciting bioactivities. The twigs and leaves from 27 tree species of Lauraceae grown in Taiwan were performed to evaluate potential bioactivity. The leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum are traditionally used in folk medicines, and many biological activities have been identified, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitermite, antidiabetic, antihyperuricemia, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant activities. However, C. osmophloeum has nine chemotypes with various secondary metabolite profiles. In order to efficiently produce active compounds, we established the genetic markers to identify the chemotype plants. Finally, Cinnamomum kanehirae is the host of the medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea. Several in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that A. cinnamomea possesses a diverse range of biological activities. Because of the potential pharmacological application, we established the transformation system to enhance the triterpenoid contents production.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2007

The aerial parts of Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2$O, successively. From the EtOAc fraction, five compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatog-raphies. They were determined as friedelin (1), ${\beta}$-amyrin (2), ${\beta}$-amyrin acetate (3), camphanediol (4) and hispidulin (5) on the basis of spectral data, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.416-424
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• 2018

Vinegar was prepared from the fruits produced in Gangwon province, and major metabolite and aroma components were investigated for acetic acid fermentation. In the case of Meoru-Bokbunja vinegar, the ${\text\tiny{L}}$-alanine content was greatly changed by acetic acid fermentation. Acetic acid had the highest content (43%) of total aromatic components, and the contents of ester compounds, such as ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, were significantly increased after fermentation. Omija-Makgeolli vinegar produced linalool and hexanoic acid by fermentation, and terpenoid compound was prevalent (41.5%). ${\text\tiny{L}}$-alanine was also increased in Omija-Makgeolli vinegar, similar to that of Meoru-Bokbunja vinegar. Terpene compounds, such as terpinel-4-ol and ${\alpha}$-terpineol in Omija-Makgeolli vinegar, and ethyl acetate in Meoru-Bokbunja vinegar, were identified as major components in each aromatic formulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.569-576
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• 1993

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effectivity of microbial treatment on eliminating the toxicity of weevil-infested sweet potato roots, and to assess intake level and performance of broilers fed microbiologically-treated, weevil-infested sweet potato meal. Weevil-infested sweet potato meal was treated with Aspergillus awamori (terpene-degrading fungus), dried, and mixed with other ingredients. One hundred twenty (120) broiler chicks were randomly distributed to treatment diets containing 3 types of sweet potato meal (healthy, weevil-infested, and microbiologically-treated, weevil-infested) incorporated at 2 levels (12% and 24%) in the ration, following the $2{\times}3$ factorial in CRD with 4 replicates per treatment. Voluntary intake was high with healthy sweet potato meal, even at 24% in the ration, especially at later stage of broiler development. Weevil infestation of sweet potato meal, even at 24% in the ration, especially at later stage of broiler development. Weevil infestation of sweet potato roots significantly reduced voluntary intake and broiler performance even at 12% level in the diet, much more at 24% level (p<0.01). Microbial treatment, however, was found to alleviate such problem, especially at 24% level of incorporation (p<0.01). "Toxicity" of weevil infestation, in terms of enlargement of liver and spleen, in the absence of mortality, was only apparent at 24% level of incorporation in the ration. Again, this was minimized by microbial treatment (p<0.01), and is therefore recommended at high levels of incorporating weevil-infested sweet potato meal in broiler diets. Microbial treatment constitutes an added cost, so that economic analyses should be done to find out whether increases in broiler performance, or reduction in the toxic effects of terpenoid compounds, outweigh the cost of treatment before a definite recommendation can be made for its commercial application.