• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1135-1143
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the perceived importance and the perceived caring of nursing needs among oncology nurses, patients with non-terminal cancer and patients with terminal cancer. Method: A total of 83 oncology nurses, 56 patients with non-terminal cancer and 39 patients with terminal cancer served as subjects. Data was collected based on the 4-point Likert scale using a self-administered questionnaire from Mar. to Sept. 2004. Finally, data was analyzed using mean, SD, paired-test,. and ANOVA. Results: The score of the perceived importance of nursing needs was higher than that of the perceived performance of nursing needs in all three groups. There was also a difference in the degree of perceived performance of nursing needs among the three groups. In contrast, there was no difference in the total score of the perceived importance of nursing needs among the three groups, unlike the importance of informational and physical needs as a subgroup of perceived importance, where a difference was noted. Conclusions: Strategies should be developed to narrow down these gaps between nurses and patients. In particular, informational and educational programs should be designed for patients with terminal cancer.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.117-129
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• 1997

This study explored a terminal values of home economics students at Chonnam national university in Korea. And the terminal values of them were compared with those of USA and Japan. Through this, it make to explain the similarities and differences in terminal values among 3 nations. 175 students were adapted as data in Korea. Data of USA and Japan were obtained from Holyoak, Sawai, and Rauniyar(1993). The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, means, one-way ANOVA, Duncan-test. The results showed significant similarities and differences in terminal values among 3 groups.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 1997

Morphology of carbonate crystals grown on the surface of artificial cell membranes was controlled by changing the interfacial chemistry. For octadecyltriethoxysilane (OTE) films with terminal methyl groups interacting little with an aqueous calcium carbonate solution calcite (104) crystals were formed. Polymerized pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA) films with terminal carboxylic acid groups induced deposition of calcite (012) crystals aligned along with each other within a polymer domain. On the other hand, stearyl alcohol (StOH) films with terminal hydroxyl groups induced deposition of aragonite crystals. When PDA was mixed with StOH, the 8:1 PDA:StOH (molar ratio) film produced dominating calcite (012) crystals without any crystal alignment, and the 4:1 mixture film produced minor calcite (012) crystals and major aragonite crystals. For the 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 mixture films, aragonite crystals were dominating. Hence, it is found that the chemical composition at the interface plays a very important role in controlling the morphology of deposited carbonate crystals.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.130-140
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• 2018

In the bio-synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB), which is a kind of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)(PHA), aimed to control the low molecular weight of PHB and obtain a telechelic PHB. As a result of incubation of R. eutropha at $30^{\circ}C$ with ethylene glycol added as a chain transfer agent, PHB content on the dry cell weight increased up to 24h, however, it decreased after that, and the molecular weight of PHB increased from 9h to 12h, and then, decreased up to 72h. The decrease of the content and the molecular weight of PHB indicates that PHB was decomposed as an energy source in bacterial cells and was incorporated into metabolic pathways. $^1H-NMR$ of the obtained PHB after incubation for 72h was measured to determine the terminal groups of the PHB during incubation. As the results of $^1H-NMR$ measurement, the peaks derived from ethylene glycol in both terminals of PHB were observed. Which indicate that the terminal reaction was caused by the addition of ethylene glycol, and that telechelic PHB having hydroxyl group at the both terminals where molecular weight was controlled was successfully synthesized.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1183-1186
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• 2011

The unique Br signature was utilized for C-terminal amino acid sequencing of model peptides. C-terminal carboxyl group was selectively derivatized in peptides, containing side chain carboxyl group, using 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and Br was introduced using 4-bromophenylhydrazine hydrochloride (BPH) in a one pot reaction. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) tandem mass spectra were obtained carrying the Br signature in the y-series ions. The Br signature facilitated C-terminal sequencing and discrimination of C-terminal carboxyl groups in the free acid and amide forms.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.671-677
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• 1995

An extracellular enzyme showing lytic activity on E. coli peptidoglycan had been isolated from Bacillus sp. BL-29. The lytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, with a recovery of 5%. The enzyme was monomeric and had an estimated molecular weight of 31,000 Da. The mode of action of the purified enzyme was also investigated. When the purified lytic enzyme was incubated with cell wall peptidoglycan, N-terminal amino groups were released without the release of reducing groups. The N-terminal amino acid released was identified as dinitrophenylalanine (DNP-alanine) by analysis of terminal amino acid by dinitrophenylation method. This result suggests that the lytic enzyme should be a kind of N-acetylmura-myl-L-alanine amidase.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.25-38
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• 2003

This study explored the terminal values(Rokeach's Value) and 5-money spending styles of girls in Yanbian, China and those in South Korea. The subjects were 466 school girls in Yanbian, China and 498 high school girls in South Korea. We used Cronbach' α, t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis as statistical analysis. The results were summarized as follows : 1) at the top of the terminal value hierarchy of girls in the two countries were family security and happiness. 2) resulting from the t-test, there found significant differences between the 5-money spending styles of the Yanbian girls and that of the Korean girls. 3) resoling from the Pearson correlation analysis, there found similarities and differences in relationship between terminal values and money spending styles in two groups.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2000

Background: For terminal cancer pain management, controlled-release oral morphine (morphine sulfate tablet, MST) is a simple and convenient regimen. Recently, fentanyl transdermal therapeutic system (F-TTS, transdermal fentanyl) has been developed and became one of the alternative ways of providing adequate pain relief. This open prospective study was designed to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of MST and transdermal fentanyl in the management of terminal cancer pain. Methods: In this open comparative and randomized study, 64 terminal cancer patients received one treatment for 15 days, controlled-release oral morphine (MST group) or fentanyl transdermal therapeutic system (F-TTS group). Daily diaries about the vital sign, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, opioids requirement, co-anagesics, adjuvant drugs and adverse effects were completed with 24 patients in MST group, 18 patients in F-TTS group. Results: The majority of patients in both treatment groups were late-stage cancer and their distribution was not different in both groups. Daily opioids requirement was 126.4 mg in MST uced in F-TTS group (P<0.05). The incidence of nausea, vomiting and constipation was lower in F-TTS group (P<0.05). Patients satisfaction was similar, but F-TTS patient group favored continous use of same treatment compared with MST group after the study was finished. Conclusions: Transdermal fentanyl seems to be safe and similar analgesic effect to controlled-release oral morphine for the control of the terminal cancer patients. However, transdermal fentanyl provides a simpler and more convenient especially in respect to constipation, nausea & vomiting. To determine the exact analgesic effect, cost-effectiveness and complications, controlled trials should be followed.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine differences in Spiritual Interests Related to Illness Tool (SpIRIT) scores and the degree of spiritual needs (SNs) between patients with terminal cancer and their primary family caregivers and to compare spiritual needs between them. Methods: The study participants were inpatients with terminal cancer and their primary family caregivers at 40 national hospice centers. The final analysis included 120 SpIRIT surveys from patients and 115 from family members, and 99 SNs questionnaires from patients and 111 from family members. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: There were no significant between-group differences in SpIRIT scores or SNs. The SpIRIT sub-dimensions that ranked high for both patients and primary family caregivers were "maintaining positive perspective", "loving others", and "finding meaning". The SNs sub-dimensions were ranked identically in both groups, in the order of "love and connection", "hope and peace", "meaning and purpose", respectively. In both groups, the recognition of the importance of spiritual matters and religion were major factors influencing SpIRIT scores and SNs. Conclusion: The SpIRIT scores and degree of SNs of patients with terminal cancer and their primary family caregivers were found to be very closely related, and the needs for coherence and meaning were greater than religious needs. When providing spiritual care for patients with terminal illness, family members should also be considered, and their prioritization of spiritual needs and the importance of spiritual matters and religion shall be taken into account.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.151-152
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• 2016

Various studies on Port and Terminal have been conducted to gain the competitive advantage, but they are limited to the bulk terminal than container terminal. Therefore, the study is to analyze the service quality of bulk terminal. The study first finds attributes of bulk terminals through professional groups and brainstorm. This study analyzes the difference between the perception of the actors such as carriers, forwarders and shippers, using a bulk terminal. The result shows that all service quality factors have a significant effect on the satisfaction.