• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.871-889
• /
• 2023

C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) plays a key role in various physiological functions, such as immune processes and disease development, and can influence angiogenesis, proliferation, and distant metastasis in tumors. Recently, several radioligands, including peptides, small molecules, and nanoclusters, have been developed to target CXCR4 for diagnostic purposes, thereby providing new diagnostic strategies based on CXCR4. Herein, we focus on the recent research progress of CXCR4-targeting radioligands for tumor diagnosis. We discuss their application in the diagnosis of hematological tumors, such as lymphomas, multiple myelomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemias, and myeloproliferative tumors, as well as nonhematological tumors, including tumors of the esophagus, breast, and central nervous system. Additionally, we explored the theranostic applications of CXCR4-targeting radioligands in tumors. Targeting CXCR4 using nuclear medicine shows promise as a method for tumor diagnosis, and further research is warranted to enhance its clinical applicability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1993.11a
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 1993

코카인은 열대지방에 광범위하게 분포되어 있는 Erythroxylon나무의 잎에 존재하고 있는 알칼로이드이다. 1536년 Pizarro가 스페인 침공을 마친 후 귀국하면서 유럽에 소개되었으며 Alfred Niemann에 의해서 1853년 처음으로 코카잎에서 추출되었고 "cocaine"이라고 명명되었다. 코카인은 황홀감을 일으킬 뿐 아니라 감기, 피부병, 천식, 류마치즘, 후두염 및 치통에도 효과가 좋다고 알려졌었고 국소마취효능이 좋아 아직까지도 안과 영역에서 가끔 사용되고 있다. 그러나 코카인은 인류가 알고 있는 물질중 가장 강화(reinforcement)효과가 강한 물질이기에 현재 법적으로 그 사용이 국소마취제 이외에는 금지되어 있으나 황홀감을 얻기위한 불법적인 사용이 크게 늘어있는 형편이다.늘어있는 형편이다.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.253-258
• /
• 2019

A female English bulldog was gave birth two neonates by cesarean section on the sixty one days after mating, but both neonates were died soon after birth. The bodies of neonates were diagnosed using radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography and necropsy immediately after death. Both neonates had caudal regression syndrome, butterfly vertebra, hydrocephalus, umbilical hernia, cleft palate and bow-legged hind-limb. At necropsy, neonates had mild fetal anasarca, cleft lip and the skull was remained non-union. At thoracic cavity, only three ribs and thoracic spines were existed and patent ductus arteriosus was found. At abnormal cavity, the renal ectopia was found with abnormal morphology. In the present case, those English bulldog neonates with multiple congenital malformation syndromes seriously suffered vertebral column anomalies and that may induced by neural tube defects in during embryonic period. To prevent congenital malformation occurring in English bulldog, further in depth studies are needed for the breed specific genetic diversity and for the reason of behind genetic abnormality in these breed.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 1986

Teratological study on pranoprofen, as antiinflammatory agent, was conducted by oral intubation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pranoprofen was administered doses of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0mg/kg/day and doze of 0.5mg/kg/day of Indomethacin was used as positive control. The rats were dosed from day 7 to 17 of gestation. At necropsy on day 20 of gestation, pathologically changes of gastroin-testinal system, liver and adrenal gland were examined at the high dose administered group. There were no differences between control and treated group on the number of implantations, the number of alive and dead fetuses, tail length, and external visceral and skeletal malformations.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.157-220
• /
• 2006

This paper presents the first version of a Korean glossary of terms for structural developmental abnormalities in common laboratory animals, mainly rats, mice and rabbits. This is a translation of the glossary entitled Terminology and Developmental Abnormalities in Common Laboratory Mammals that was edited by the International Federation of Teratology Societies(IFTS) Committee on International Harmonization of Nomenclature in Developmental Toxicology. The purpose of the Korean glossary is to provide a common vocabulary that will reduce confusion and ambiguity in the description of developmental effects, particularly in submissions to regulatory agencies worldwide. The glossary contains a primary term or phrase, a definition of the abnormality, and notes, where appropriate. Selected synonyms or related terms, which reflect a similar or closely related concept, are noted. Non-preferred terms are indicated where their usage may be incorrect. Modifying terms used repeatedly in the glossary(e.g., absent, branched) are listed in Appendix A, and syndrome names are generally excluded from the glossary, but are listed separately in Appendix B. The glossary is organized into broad sections for external, visceral, and skeletal observations, then subdivided into regions, structures, or organs in a general overall head to tail sequence. Numbering is sequential, and not in any regional or hierarchical order, Uses and misuses of the glossary are discussed. Updates of the Korean glossary are planned based on the comments received.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.574-589
• /
• 2023

Radiopharmaceuticals targeting prostate-specific membrane antigens (PSMA) are essential for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), particularly metastatic castration-resistant PCa, for which conventional treatment is ineffective. These molecular probes include [⁶⁸Ga]PSMA, [¹⁸F]PSMA, [Al¹⁸F]PSMA, [^99mTc]PSMA, and [⁸⁹Zr]PSMA, which are widely used for diagnosis, and [¹⁷⁷Lu]PSMA and [²²⁵Ac]PSMA, which are used for treatment. There are also new types of radiopharmaceuticals. Due to the differentiation and heterogeneity of tumor cells, a subtype of PCa with an extremely poor prognosis, referred to as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), has emerged, and its diagnosis and treatment present great challenges. To improve the detection rate of NEPC and prolong patient survival, many researchers have investigated the use of relevant radiopharmaceuticals as targeted molecular probes for the detection and treatment of NEPC lesions, including DOTA-TOC and DOTA-TATE for somatostatin receptors, 4A06 for CUB domain-containing protein 1, and FDG. This review focused on the specific molecular targets and various radionuclides that have been developed for PCa in recent years, including those mentioned above and several others, and aimed to provide valuable up-to-date information and research ideas for future studies.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.179-194
• /
• 1995

This study aimed to determine whether exposure to stress during developmental period causes permanent behavioral and/or neurochemical alterations. Alterations of behavior were studied in young and aged rats which have been exposed to uncontrollable and unpredictable electric shocks on postnatal day(PND) 14 or PND 14 and 21. The concentrations of monoaminergic neurotransmitters were also measured to determine whether the behavioral alterations were accompanied by neurochemical changes. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The rate of increase in body weight was reduced at one day after exposure to the 1st series of shocks on PND14. However, these findings could not be observed after exposure to the 2nd series of shocks on PND 21. 2) Explorative activity decreased at one day after exposure to the 1st series of shocks on PND14. However this findings could not be observed after exposure to the 2nd series of shocks on PND 21. 3) At 100 days of age, there were little changes in the spontaneous locomotor activities measured for consecutive 23 hrs. However, there was positive correlation between the shock number showing the 1st helplessness during receiving the 1st series of shocks and the night time ambulatory activity of females, and was negative correlation between the shock number showing the 1st helplessness during receiving the 1st or 2nd series of shocks on PND 14 or 21 and the night time ambulatory activity of females. 4) At $360{\sim}390$ days of age, night time ambulatory activity decreased in female rats which have been exposed to shocks on PND 14 and 21, but not in males. 5) In the aged female rats, the concentrations of 5-HT, dopamine and their metabolites were not different among groups. However, the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT increased in the frontal cortices of rats exposed to shocks on PND 14 and 21. These results demonstrate that the early experience of serious stress results in persistent alterations of behavior accompanying altered neurochemistry, and aging may unmask a subtle neuronal deficit causes by the early experience of serious stress.