• 한국의류학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.224-236
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• 2018

This study analyzed differences between Jumchi-Hanji papers not dyed and dyed with persimmon juice (50% concentration) in five strength properties (tensile, wet tensile, tearing, bursting, and folding strengths). For the analysis, the undyed and the dyed Jumchi-Hanji papers were made by Jumchichigi during 40 minutes and made with the Dakji of different layer (a layer, two layers) and Choji method (Oebal-teugi, Ssangbal-teugi). Differences between Jumchi-Hanji papers dyed with the different concentration of persimmon juice (20% vs 70%) in the five strengths were also identified. For this examination, Jumchi-Hanji papers were made with two layer Dakji (Oebal-teugi Choji method) and by Jumchichigi during 60 minutes. Jumchi-Hanji papers made in this study were used as test samples. As a result, Jumchi-Hanji papers dyed with persimmon juice had higher tensile strength (CD), wet tensile strength (MD, CD), and bursting strength than those of undyed Jumchi-Hanji papers. However, tearing strengths (MD, CD) of dyed Jumchi-Hanji papers were lower than undyed Jumchi-Hanji papers. Folding strengths (CD) of dyed Jumchi-Hanji papers were low but the folding strengths (MD) of them were high compared to undyed Jumchi-Hanji papers. In addition, the concentration of persimmon juice influenced the five strength properties of Jumchi-Hanji. The tensile, wet tensile, and bursting strengths of Jumchi-Hanji papers dyed with a 70% concentration were higher than those one of Jumchi-Hanji papers dyed with a 30% concentration while the tearing and folding strengths of Jumchi-Hanji papers dyed with a 70% concentration were lower than Jumchi-Hanji papers dyed with a 30% concentration.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1999

This research was carried out to investigate the Hanji sludge(black color)-wood fiber and wood particle composited applied by waste sludges arising from the making process of Hanji (Korea paper). In experimental design, four levels of the mixed ratio of Hanji sludge to wood fiber or wood particle(10:90, 20:80, 30:70 and 40:60), three kinds of the resin(PMDI, urea and phenol resin)and three kinds of the specific gravity(0.6, 0.75 and 0.9) were designed to determine the tensile strength of Hanji sludge-wood fiber and wood particle composites. From the results and discussion, it may be concluded as follows: In Hanji sludge-wood fiber and wood particle composites, tensile strengths showed decreasing tendency absolutely by increasing Hanji sludge additive, but clearly increase with the increase of specific gravity. In Hanji sludge-wood fiber composites, there were no differences between PMDI and urea resin-bonded composites, but phenol resin-boned composites were made possibly until the addition of 30% Hanji sludge. On the other hand, Hnji sludge-wood particle composites(SpGr=0.6) have very low tensile strength values. But they were made favorably until the addition of 20% Hanji sludge in Hanji sludge-wood particle composites(SpGr=0.9).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.88-104
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• 1999

본 시험은 외발 뜨기 한지와 쌍발 뜨기 한지를 구분하고 각각의 물성 차이 중 특히 4가지 강도에 대해 상대적 우위와 가로 세로 강도의 차이를 파악했다. 그 결과, 섬유 배향성을 특별히 고려하지 않은 외발 뜨기는 쌍발 뜨기와 비교해 가로, 세로 강도 차이가 다소 적다는 것 외에 특별히 뛰어난 점이 없다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 외발 뜨기 한지가 질기다고 느껴지는 것은 좋은 원료와 토착식 제법으로 여러 장(2~8장) 겹쳐서 절대적인 강도를 향상시켰기 때문이며 상대적인 강도인 지수비교에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 또한 부가적으로 도침의 효과를 파악할 수 있었다. 도침은 내절도를 두드러지게 향상시켰으며 인열지수(인열강도)를 뺀 열단장과 파열지수(파열강도)를 높이는 역학을 했다. 특히 열단장(인장강도)의 향상을 가져왔다. 그리고 토착식 제법의 외발 뜨기는 여러 겹을 겹칠수록 인열지수가 증가(다른 강도에 비교해 상대적인 증가임)하는 경향을 보였다. 그러므로 도침과 토착식 한지는 서로 부족한 강도를 훌륭히 보완하는 역할을 했음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 섬유 배향성을 고려하여 초지하고 도침을 실시해야 외발 뜨기 고유의 강도적 특징을 살릴 수가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 오늘날에 토착 외발 뜨기 방식으로 제조된 전통 한지들은 전체적인 강도면에서 토착 한지류와 비슷했으며 2겹지의 경우엔 가로 세로 강도차이도 토착한지 수준이었다. 그러나 강도들간의 우열 특성에서는 인열강도가 특히 낮았던 쌍발 뜨기 한지와 전체적으로 고른 강도를 보인 토착 외발 뜨기 한지의 중간에 위치하여 개선의 여지를 찾을 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2014

In this study, various types of Jumchi Hanji were made to develop shroud materials as a new use for Hanji. The properties of Hanji (basis weight, thickness, apparent density, bulk, tensile strength, wet tensile strength, elongation ratio, tear strength, bursting strength, and folding endurance) are measured. In all cases, Jumchi Hanji had a higher thickness, lower apparent density and higher bulk than Hanji because pores in the intervals of mulberry fiber are composed of bulk. So, it is considered to carry a value as a textile material. As for the results of the strength analysis of Jumchi Hanji, Jumchi technique enhances 25% of elongation ratio, which is regarded the most important role in textiles and 35% of bulk. Moreover, it was shown that it enhanced overall strength. In conclusion, it implies the possibility of applying it as a shroud material. Jumchi Hanji is thought to have enough potential to be developed as a material to carry the characteristics of Hanji in the textile market.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.565-582
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• 2022

In recent years, Jumchi-Hanji made of mulberry paper is used as a material for fashion items. This study examined the effect of the type of Choji method (Oebal-teugi or Ssangbal-teugi), layer number (one or two layers) and Jumchichigi time (20, 40, or 60 minutes) on the tensile, wet tensile, tearing and bursting strengths of Jumchi-Hanji. Jumchi-Hanjis used as test samples in this study were made from mulbery paper which was manufactured with either bleached or unbleached paper mulberry from Thailand. The results showed that Jumchi-Hanji made with two layers of mulberry papers had higher strength properties than Jumchi-Hanji made with only one layer. The strength properties of Jumchi-Hanji also increased with longer Jumchichigi time. Furthermore, this study confirmed that the effects of Jumchichigi time on Jumchi-Hanji strengths differed based on the type of Choji method, the layer number of mulberry papers used, and the specific strength property measured. Therefore, to guarantee the strength properties required by the application of Jumchi-Hanji paper as a fashion material, it is necessary to carefully consider the adequate Choji method and layer number to apply in the manufacture of Thai mulberry paper and the adequate duration time needed to perform Jumchichigi to Thai mulbery paper.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.633-645
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of the number of Dakji layer (a layer, two layers), the time of Jumchichigi (20, 40 and 60 minutes) and the type of Choji method making Dakji (Oebal-teugi, Ssangbal-teugi) on five strength properties of Jumchi-Hanji. As a result, the number of Dakji layer and the time of Jumchichigi influenced the five strength properties (tensile, wet tensile, tearing, bursting, and folding strengths). Jumchi-Hanjis made with two layers of Dakijis had higher properties than Jumchi-Hanjis with a layer of Dakji in the strength properties. The more the time for Jumchichigi is spent, the more the five strength properties of Jumchi-Hanji increased. The type of Choji was related to only three strength properties. The tearing strength of Jumchi-Hanjis with one and two layers, and the wet tensile and the folding strengths of Jumchi-Hanjis with two layers depended on the type of Choji. The differences of Jumchi-Hanji and Dakji were also identified in the strength properties. All Jumchi-Hanjis had low tensile and wet tensile strengths when compared to Dakjis. However, Jumchi-Hanjis, made by sixty minute Jumchchigi, had generally higher tearing, bursting, and folding strengths than the Dakjis. In conclusion, the strength properties of Jumchi-Hanji could be improved by controlling the number of Dakji layers and the time of Jumchichigi.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2015

This study was carried out to analyze deterioration characteristics of color-pigments painted Hanji to preserve and restore the cultural properties. On the traditional painting technique, glue was used with pigments in various ways for painting, but it eventually caused the deterioration of paintings. Thus, five colors were selected and analyzed for this study for investigating their characteristics of deteriration. Three kinds of glues (Wugyo, Nokgyo, and Togyo) and two kinds of pigments (Chinese and Gilsang) were painted on the Hanji for the accelerated aging test. And then color fastness of pigments and tensile strength of painted Hanji were measured for the estimation of deterioration degree. The results of SEM-EDS showed that Chinese pigments including blue, yellow, green, and red were composed of inorganic substances but the brown was organic substance. Gilsang pigments were composed mainly of Si and Ti ions. Color fastness of the Gilsang pigment blue, yellow, green, and brown were better than those of Chinese. Chinese pigment brown with organic substance showed the worst color fastness. Generally, Chinese pigments painted Hanji showed higher tensile strength than Gilsang in the accelerated aging test. Hanji treated with Chinese pigment and Nokgyo (antler glue) blends and Gilsang pigment and Togyo (rabbit pelt glue) blends showed higher tensile strength than the others. And Andong Hanji showed the highest tensile strength.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to design wedding dress by using Korean paper(Hanji). The Korean paper showed the good(excellent) properties of durability, softness, and tensile strength was 3.7Kg, tear index was 6 mN$.$$m_2$/g and folding numbers was 466. The appreance of Hanji was widely varied by blending(mixing) with other materials and various effects, pleating, crumpling, twisting and so on were achieved. The dress silhouette and form transformation of Hanji was very easy. Detailed points those are frill, pleats, gather, bow, paper casting, pin tuck for wedding dress were able to express easily. Hanji wedding dress has the natural texture because of natural properties of Hanji and that is echo friendly products.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2007

The raw oriental lacquer produced in China was used in this study. This lacquer was diluted with ethanol and terpene in different solvent ratios. The diluted lacquer in the solvents had two layers. The upper layer was solvent soluble and the lower contained precipitates. Hanji was treated with the solvent solubles and the mixture containing precipitates, and then properties of the Hanji were evaluated. The average weight, thickness, and density of Hanji treated with oriental lacquer tended to gradually be decreased as the lower concentration of lacquer was used and as the solvent soluble was treated. Tensile strength of the treated Hanji decreased when the diluted lacquer was used and Hanji treated with terpene dilution at the ratio of lacquer to solvent of 1:5 (v/v) showed higher tensile strength than ones treated with ethanol dilution. The folding endurance decreased as the less concentrated lacquer was used and the highest value was obtained when 1:40 (v/v) of lacquer to solvent ratio in both ethanol and terpene mixture. Absorption ratio was higher in the Hanji treated with ethanol mixture, treated with the lacquer in lower concentration, and treated with ethanol mixture. Hanji treated with ethanol dilution at 1:20 (v/v) and the lower ratio of lacquer to solvent showed a hydrophobic property. Amount of the bound dye materials tended to be decreasing as the concentration of lacquer became lower and it was higher in Hanji treated with ethanol mixture than with terpene mixture.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1286-1296
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• 2007

Hanji, the korean traditional papers were mostly made from mulberry paper. But the production and demand of hanji have decreased rapidly because mulberry paper yields were insufficient and handworked hanji procedures were complicated. Recently, the researches on hanji were carried out to improve the properties of hanji. Kenaf fibers have been interested as a substitute resource of mulberry paper for hanji production. In this research, Kenai pulps were manufactured with removal methods of lignin or hemicellulose from kenaf fibers and paper mulberry pulps with traditional alkali methods. Kenaf papers, paper mulberry, and kenaf/paper mulberry mixed papers were manufactured with their pulps. The crystallinity, fiber length, color of the pulps and tensile strength, tear strength, water absorption of the papers were investigated. The results were as follow: The removal rates of lignin of chemical retted kenaf fibers with sodium chlorite reaction for 40 minutes were 70% and were higher than 40% of double retted fibers. Paper mulberry pulps has less lignin and hemicellulose than kenaf differently. The crystallinity of paper mulberry pulps were very low with 60%, but kenaf pulps were 90%. The chemical retted CR-40-1 pulps were similar with paper mulberry pulps on fiber length & fibrilation of fibers. Tensile strength of paper mulberry were higher than kenaf papers because of fibrilation of paper mulberry, but tear strength were lower. Tensile strength and tear strength were improved on kenaf/paper mulberry 30/70 mixed papers.