• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

In this paper, the effectiveness and accuracy of using the direct estimation method were investigated in determining a worker's lifting capacity or the maximum acceptable weight of lifting (MAWOL) of symmetrical fifting tasks in the workplace were investigated. Six lifting tasks involving two vertical fifting start-end points (0-80cm, 47-102cm) and three lifting frequencies (1, 2, and 4 lifts/minute) were studied. Ten young, male subjects performed the six lifting tasks to predict the MAWOL using the psychophysical method and the direct estimation method. The main results indicated that there were no significant differences between the MAWOLs determined by the two methods except for the lifting frequency of 4 lifts/minute. Analysis of variance was performed on the task rating data to check the consistency of the task rating across subjects, which revealed no significant difference.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to identify the effects of material position and physical fatigue on postural stability. Ten male subjects participated in this study. After bicycling exercises, their centers of pressure (COPs) were measured under four material handling positions and four excercise levels. The measured COPs were then utilized to calculate postural sway length in each experimental condition. Subjects' postural stability was quantified using the sway length. Results showed that the effect of different material handling position was significant on the postural sway length in both the posterior-anterior axis and the medio-lateral axis. Results also showed that the postural sway length was increased as physical fatigue accumulated, significantly in subject's posterior-anterior axis. The results imply that bearing a material on the back or front with both hands appeared to cause least sway length and instability.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.454-465
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand the nurses' experiences of caring for demented older persons in geriatric in care facilities. Methods: The subjects were ten nurses employed in geriatric care facilities. Open in-depth interviews were used to collect data from January, 2010 to October, 2010. The Colaizzi phenomenological method was used for data analysis. Results: The experiences of nurses' caring for patients with dementia were divided into the following six categories: 'new encounter', 'understanding of intention and satisfying', 'dilemma of caring', 'contriving of comfort', 'comprehensive coordinator', and 'being present'. There were 15 clusters of themes. The subjects stated that the best caring for the demented older persons were 'encounter, knowing, and being with them'. Conclusion: Nurses' caring could improve the quality of life for demented older patients in geriatric care facility. These results suggest that institutional, administrational strategies and schemes need to cluster around the relationship with patients who would include encounter knowing and being with them.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.1674-1680
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to compare age-related differences of 15 characteristic variables estimated from SEMG signals, which were obtained from the old group(62 subjects) and young group(72 subjects). The SEMG signals were recorded from biceps brachii muscle under sustained isometric elbow flexion contraction with constant load(4kg dumbbell) during 30 seconds. Ten time domain (ARV, RMS, MSA, MTA, ZC, MSF, MTF, MSD, MTD, MSS) and five frequency domain(MNF, MDF, $f_{max}$, $P_{max}$, $P_{to}$) variables were extracted from the SEMG signals and then statistically analyzed, respectively. The findings of the analysis indicate significant age-related differences in the SEMG signal during constant load contraction.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the effect of aquatic exercise on the improvement in physical and pulmonary function after stroke. Methods: Fourteen candidates, who had experienced stroke, were enrolled in this study. The program was carried out three times weekly, 1 hour per session and for 10 consecutive weeks. At pre-treatment and post-treatment, the subjects were tested with a 10 m and 100 m timed gait test, a timed get up and go test, a functional reach test, the difference in thoracic girth at inspiration and expiration, and breaths per minute. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured using a spirometer. Results: After ten weekends of an aquatic exercise program, the subjects showed a significant difference in all the test results except for the FEV1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Intervention with this aquatic exercise program can improve the physical and pulmonary function in people who have had a stroke.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.257-260
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• 2002

The impressions for odors are subjective and have individual differences. In this study, the Impressions of odors were investigated by covariance structure analysis. 46 subjects (men in their twenty) recorded their reactions to ten odorants by grading them on a seven-point scale in terms of twelve adjective pairs. Their reactions were quantified by using factor analysis and covariance structure analysis. The factors were extracted as "preference", "arousal" and "persistency". The subjects were classified into three groups according to the most suitable causal models (structural equation models). Each group had different causal relationship and different impression structure for odors. It was suggested that there is a possibility to evaluate the subjective impression of odor using covariance structure analysis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.513-517
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• 2000

Enterohepatic recycling of estrogen after oral administration of 1 mg non-radioactive estriol was studied in fourteen women selected as the control subjects and ten infertile women in whom the infertility was appearing to be of endocrine origin. The extent of enterohepatic recycling of estriol ($E_3$) during the early follicular phase of menstrual cycle was assessed by monitoring during 48 h the urinary excretion of its two major metabolites i.e; estriol 16 $\alpha$-glucuronide ($E_3-16$$\alpha-G$) and estriol-3 glucuronide ($E_3$-3-G). The change in urinary level of $E_3$-3-G with respect to ($E_3-16$$\alpha-G$G was considered to reflect the extent of enterohepatic recycling of estriol. Lower values of urinary output of both metabolites in the infertile women as compared with the control subjects and the urinary excretion profile of both metabolites during 48 h after estriol ingestion reveal that the reduced extent of enterohepatic recycling could possibly be one of the factors which contribute towards the incidence of infertility in women.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue, caused by frequent manual lifting. on lifting velocity and lifting acceleration. Ten male volunteers performed lifting at a rate of 4 times per minute, continuously, for two hours using the free-style posture A box($30cm{\times}30cm{\times}20$) with a fixed weight (15.9 Kg) was used as the load for lifting, Heart rate, oxygen consumption, and EMG were also measured to estimate the level of fatigue, The posture as well as acceleration was recorded. The results showed that the lifting acceleration at the end of two hour increased significantly (20%, p<0.001) compared to the acceleration after fifteen minutes of lifting. It was also found that subjects changed their lifting postures as the result of fatigue. All subjects also indicated pain in their upper legs and the lower back at the conclusion of the experiment.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 2000

This study was focused on the analysis of questionnaire that surveyed the preference and perception on perilla leaves, known as kkaennip. 31.6% of total respondents answered that they had purchased perilla leares once or twice a month, and the volume of their purchases was offen limited to one or two bundles. Among those respondents, 50.4% surveyed that they had usually taken less than ten leaves in each meal. In the preference survey, 59.2% of total subjects responded 'like' or 'very like' on perilla leaves, and 60.5% of those subjects who favorably responded liked the flavor of the perilla leaves. On the other hand, 51.2% showed unfavorable responses due to the concern of agricultural chemicals. The favorite dishes using perilla leaves were 'kkaennip kimchi'. 'kkaennip ssam'and'kkaennip jon'in the order. The perceptions on the kkaennip kimchi in the market were considered as 'convenient'. 'not affectionate', 'fast', 'expensive' etc.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine changes of voice after consuming raw egg, apple, and pear. Ten college students vocalized /a/ before and after having raw egg, apple, and pear. Dr. Speech was utilized to obtain acoustic changes of subjects' voice. A t-test was performed to analyze changes of voice before and after consuming raw egg, apple, and pear. No significant difference was found in acoustic measurements before and after having the 3 food items. However, the subjects seemed to show some improvements in jitter, HNR, and NNE in the order of raw egg, apple and pear even though they did not reach a statistical significance. It was concluded that a more systematic research paradigm was needed in order to objectively reject or substantiate the results of the current investigation.