• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

This study was carried to identify the component of Small Intestine Meridian Muscle in human, dividing the regional muscle group into outer, middle, and inner layer. the inner part of body surface were opened widely to demonstrate muscles, nerve, blood vessels and the others, displaying the inner structure of Small Intestine Meridian Muscle. We obtained the results as follows; 1. Small Intestine Meridian Muscle is composed of the muscle, nerve and blood vessels. 2. In human anatomy, it is present the difference between a term of nerve or blood vessels which control the muscle of Meridian Muscle and those which pass near by Meridian Muscle. 3. The inner composition of meridian muscle in human arm is as follows ; 1) Muscle ; Abd. digiti minimi muscle(SI-2, 3, 4), pisometacarpal lig.(SI-4), ext. retinaculum. ext. carpi ulnaris m. tendon.(SI-5, 6), ulnar collateral lig.(SI-5), ext. digiti minimi m. tendon(SI-6), ext. carpi ulnaris(SI-7), triceps brachii(SI-9), teres major(SI-9), deltoid(SI-10), infraspinatus(SI-10, 11), trapezius(Sl-12, 13, 14, 15), supraspinatus(SI-12, 13), lesser rhomboid(SI-14), erector spinae(SI-14, 15), levator scapular(SI-15), sternocleidomastoid(SI-16, 17), splenius capitis(SI-16), semispinalis capitis(SI-16), digasuicus(SI-17), zygomaticus major(Il-18), masseter(SI-18), auriculoris anterior(SI-19) 2) Nerve ; Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve(SI-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), br. of mod. antebrachial cutaneous n.(SI-6, 7), br. of post. antebrachial cutaneous n.(SI-6,7), br. of radial n.(SI-7), ulnar n.(SI-8), br. of axillary n.(SI-9), radial n.(SI-9), subscapular n. br.(SI-9), cutaneous n. br. from C7, 8(SI-10, 14), suprascapular n.(SI-10, 11, 12, 13), intercostal n. br. from T2(SI-11), lat. supraclavicular n. br.(SI-12), intercostal n. br. from C8, T1(SI-12), accessory n. br.(SI-12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17), intercostal n. br. from T1,2(SI-13), dorsal scapular n.(SI-14, 15), cutaneous n. br. from C6, C7(SI-15), transverse cervical n.(SI-16), lesser occipital n. & great auricular n. from cervical plexus(SI-16), cervical n. from C2,3(SI-16), fascial n. br.(SI-17), great auricular n. br.(SI-17), cervical n. br. from C2(SI-17), vagus n.(SI-17),hypoglossal n.(SI-17), glossopharyngeal n.(SI-17), sympathetic trunk(SI-17), zygomatic br. of fascial n.(SI-18), maxillary n. br.(SI-18), auriculotemporal n.(SI-19), temporal br. of fascial n.(SI-19) 3) Blood vessels ; Dorsal digital vein.(SI-1), dorsal br. of proper palmar digital artery(SI-1), br. of dorsal metacarpal a. & v.(SI-2, 3, 4), dorsal carpal br. of ulnar a.(SI-4, 5), post. interosseous a. br.(SI-6,7), post. ulnar recurrent a.(SI-8), circuirflex scapular a.(SI-9, 11) , post. circumflex humeral a. br.(SI-10), suprascapular a.(SI-10, 11, 12, 13), first intercostal a. br.(SI-12, 14), transverse cervical a. br.(SI-12,13,14,15), second intercostal a. br.(SI-13), dorsal scapular a. br.(SI-13, 14, 15), ext. jugular v.(SI-16, 17), occipital a. br.(SI-16), Ext. jugular v. br.(SI-17), post. auricular a.(SI-17), int. jugular v.(SI-17), int. carotid a.(SI-17), transverse fascial a. & v.(SI-18),maxillary a. br.(SI-18), superficial temporal a. & v.(SI-19).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.455-458
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• 2006

The incidence of blindness after aneurysm surgery is very rare. We experienced a case of unilateral blindness after internal carotid artery[ICA] aneurysm wrapping. A 43-year-old male immediately developed ipsilateral ocular pain and visual loss in his left eye after the treatment of a lateral ICA aneurysm by wrapping with muscle pieces. He had also multiple aneurysms, which were multilobulated anterior communicating artery [A-com], middle cerebral artery[MCA] and posterior communicating artery [P-com] aneurysms. Coilings were done for a part of A-com artery aneurysm and P-com artery aneurysm on admission. The remaining A-com artery aneurysm was clipped and ICA aneurysm was wrapped with temporal muscle piece. A retrobulbar optic neuropathy might have resulted from either direct injury or damage to small dural vessels of the posterior optic nerve. Actually, the optico-carotid space was tight and the optic nerve was compressed by swollen muscle piece. Despite releasing of compression of the optic nerve on second day, his visual loss was irreversible.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.953-957
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• 2006

The eukaryotic elongation factor 1 A (EEF1A) participates in protein synthesis by forming the eEF1A GTP tRNA complex to deliver aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of ribosomes. This study described cDNA sequences and partial genomic structure of porcine EEF1A1. The porcine EEF1A1 gene encoded a protein with 462 amino acids, which shared complete homology with human, chimpanzee and dog. The temporal expression pattern showed the diversity of EEF1A1 level in mRNA was relatively minor in prenatal embryo skeletal muscle, however, the expression decreased during aging after birth in skeletal muscle of the Chinese Tongcheng pig. The spatial expression patterns indicated that the gene expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, lung, liver, kidney, fat and spleen. In addition, we assigned the gene to porcine chromosome 1 using a radiation hybrid panel.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1997

mastication is basically regulated by central pattern regulalor(CPG) of brain system, target organ output from CPG is modulated by oral sensory feedback, anterior cross bite pattern infuluence the feedback mechanism and change muscle activity and jaw movement. The purpose of this study was to investigate differnce anterior cross bite group from normal group, the selected sample groups were 30 normal patient, 30 anterior cross bite patient. EMG and EGN of Biopak system were used for this study The following results were obtained 1 In resting slate of mandible, anterior cross-bite showed the higher muscle activities in all the muscle.(exception:left digastric muscle) than normal group. 2. In clenching state, No significant difference in muscle activities of normal group and anterior cross bite group was noticed 3. In swallowing state Normal group showed the higher muscle activities in left and right masseter muscle, right posterior temporal muscle. 4. In maximum opening and closing velocity, normal group showed the higher value than anterior cross-bite. 5. In the mean value of the maximum opening,the maximum anterior posterior movemenl from centric-occlusion, the lateral deviation from centric occclusion, normal group showed the higher value than anterior cross-bite group.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.309-315
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of asymmetric muscle force in lower extremity on dynamic balance during walking. Sixteen elementary students(age: 12.3${\pm}$0.7 yrs, height: 149.4${\pm}$9.7 cm, weight 40.6${\pm}$7.8 kg) who have no musculoskeletal disorder were recruited as the subjects. Temporal parameters, M-L inclination angle of XCoM-CoP, M-L and A-P CoP, loading rate, and decay rate were determined for each trial. For each dependent variable, a independent-sample t-test was performed to test if significant difference existed between each conditions(p<.05). The displacement of antero-posterior COP during RTO-LHC1 in SG was siginificantly smaller than corresponding value in AG. In contrast, the displacement of medio-lateral COP during RTO-LHC1 in SG was greater than those of AG. It seems that imbalance of muscle force may result in increasing the medio-lateral stance in order to minimize the instability. We found that the asymmetric muscle force in the lower extremity may be a reason for the awkward control of impact force.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.10.1-10.10
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• 2020

Background: Butaphosphan (BTP) has recently been introduced into the Korean aquaculture sector as a stressattenuating agent. In this study, a sensitive chemical analytical method was established for the detection of BTP in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) tissues. Methods: Utilizing a method employing liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), detection sensitivity, specificity, and precision were satisfactorily established. Temporal changes in the BTP plasma and muscle concentrations were assessed after a single intramuscular injection of BTP (50 and 150 mg/kg) to the olive flounder maintained at 13 ℃ or 22 ℃. Results: High BTP plasma levels were achieved immediately after the injection, and the drug was rapidly eliminated. Additionally, plasma BTP levels were markedly dependent on the elimination rate, which, in turn, seemed dependent on the water temperature, with the drug elimination half-life and mean residence time significantly shorter at 22 ℃ than 13 ℃. Overall, muscle BTP levels were markedly lower than the plasma levels. Notably, muscle levels were not influenced by water temperatures. Muscle BTP concentrations were used to estimate the necessary withdrawal period for drugs used in food fish, with BTP levels maintained far below the possible hazardous limit. Conclusions: In conclusion, the established LC-MS/MS method can be used for BTP residue detection with high sensitivity and reproducibility.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2021

Objective: The weakness of muscle strength due to stroke affects the posture control and gait in the patients with stroke. Stroke This study examined the effects of the stair climbing training with functional electrical stimulation on muscle strength, dynamic balance, and gait in individuals with chronic stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Total forty-eight patients were randomly assigned to the 3 groups. Participants randomly divided to stair climbing training with functional electrical stimulation group (SCT+FES group, n=16), stair climbing training group (SCT group, n=16) and control group (n=16). Subjects in the SCT+FES group and SCT group performed stair walking training with and without functional electrical stimulation for 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks and all subjects received conventional physical therapy for 30 minutes with 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Outcome measurements were assessed using the sit-to stand Test for strength, timed up and go test and modified-timed up and go test for dynamic balance, and 10m walk test and GaitRite system for gait. Results: In the SCT+FES group, subjects have been shown the significant increase in lower extremity strength (p<0.05), significantly improve in dynamic balance (p<0.05), and significantly improve in their temporal gait parameter (p<0.05). The SCT+FES group was significantly better than other groups in all parameters (p<0.05). Conclusions: This result suggested that the SCT+FES may be effective strategy to improve muscle strength, dynamic balance, and gait for individuals with chronic stroke.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the major vascular system to supply flap, flap survival rate and complications after flap elevation in order to evaluate possibility of the vascularized face/scalp allotransplantation. Forty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups: control group and experimental group. Individuals of control group had a face/scalp composite unit which was composed of skin, subcutaneous tissue and platysma muscle, supplying by bilateral facial artery, temporal artery and auricular artery and draining by external jugular vein. After a flap was elevated, bilateral facial artery, temporal artery and auricular artery were ligated. On the other hand, those of experimental group had the same composite unit as control group with bilateral facial artery, temporal artery and auricular artery being not ligated. We had measured survival area of flaps of the sixteen individuals survived for four weeks in the control group and fourteen in the experimental group by Grid method. The mean survival durations of the flap were 3.7days in the control group, 20.0days in the experimental group. The significant differences in the mean survival durations and survival rate at the 28days were found between the control and experimental group (p<0.05). Mean values about the survival area's fractions of all were $1.3{\pm}4.%$ in the control group and $63.1{\pm}4.8%$ in the experimental group. Those of experimental group was significantly higher than control group statistically (p<0.05). The composite face/scalp flap which we have elevated, supplied by bilateral facial artery, temporal artery, auricular artery and drained by external jugular vein has flap viability enough to be transplanted after its elevation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.146-153
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• 1992

In the outpatient clinic, we have many patients who suffer from temporomandibular joint disorders. These vary from MPD syndrome to osteoarthrosis, and many cases have tender spots or areas on the temporomandibular joint region and/or masticatory muscles. Further, they frequently have masticatory muscle pain when opening the jaw. This paper presents the results of our research on the differential diagnosis for tendernesses and pain on opening the jaw in the temporomandibular joint region and the masticatory muscles by joint cavity pumping with local anesthestic. The areas of tenderness and jae-opening paw in 65 patient suffering from temporomandibular joint disorder were examined and recorded before and after anesthetizing the upper joint cavity with 2% lidocaine. Maximum interincisal distance was similarly recorded. The results were as follows : In the area surrounding the upper joint cavity including the lateral pterygoid muscle, the tenderness and jaw-opening pain vanished almost entirely after anesthesia. This was considered a direct infiltrative effect of the local anesthesia. After the anesthesia, 86% of the tendernesses on the sternocleidomastoid muscles, and 66% of those on the posterior belly of the diagstric muscles vanished, while the disappearance rates on the masseter, temporal, and medial pterygoid muscles were 50~60%. Apart from the temporomandibular region, pain on opening the jaw was found on the masseter, temporal, posterior belly of the digastric muscles, and medial pterygoid muscles before anesthesia. The disappearance rates after anesthesia were 90~100% except for the pain of the posterior belly of the digastric muscles, for which the rate was 66%. These results suggest that more than 88% of the tendernesses on the sternocleidomastoid muscle, more than 60% of the tendernesses and jaw-opening pains on the digastric muscle, and more than half of the tendernesses and almost all of the jaw-opening pains in the jaw-closing muscles are referred pains from the temporomandibular joint. The tendernesses that had no change after anesthesia were considered to be derived from spasms of the muscles proper. Generally, maximum interincisal distance increased after anesthesia. The average distance was 34mm before anesthesia, but increased to 41mm after anesthesia. In a few cases, however little or no change was found in those distances. In these cases, pathological changes were found in the joint cavities arthrographically or arthroscopically.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1995

A large lateral facial defects especially a through and through defect of the cheek remains as challenging field of reconstruction for the head and neck surgeons. Closure of these wounds is technically troublesome due to the magnitude and location of the soft tissue and skin defect, functional and aesthetic consideration. optimal cancer surveillance, and desire for good nourishment. Most traditional methods dealing with these defects, including split-thickness skin graft, local and regional flaps as well as musculocutaneous flaps have their limitations. We applied four different methods for these reconstruction in four cases. We utilized temporal muscle flap, forearm free flap and secondary healing for repair of mucosal defects, and medial base cervicopectoral flap, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and cervicofacial flap for the reconstruction of external skin defects. In one case, both sides were reconstructed with single forearm free flap. In our experiences, secondary healing could be one of the useful method for mucosal repair in the defect between upper and lower gingivobuccal sulcus. However, forearm free flap was thought to be more ideal for the cases with mandibulectomy. For the external repair, the regional skin flap was considered to be superior to pectoralis major myocutaneous flap or forearm free flap especially on color matching.