• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 1994

An electrically heated experimental lumber dry kiln was retrofitted with a computer-based control system to control kiln conditions more precisely and monitor and record several kiln variables. Flat-sawn 2.5cm-thick Pinus densiflora boards were dried in constant temperature process(65$^{\circ}C$ & 50~60 %RH) and continuously rising temperature process, respectively. The average drying rate in continuously rising temperature process was 5.7 %/hr, which was above 3 times faster than that in constant temperature process. But, the average rate of case-hardening and moisture difference between shells and cores of boards dried in continuously rising temperature process were 82 % and 5.5 %, respectively, which were much larger than those of boards dried in constant temperature process.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.551-554
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• 2006

Inhibition of propellant temperature rising in liquid propulsion rocket using cryogenic fluid as a propellant is very important. Especially propellant temperature rising during stand-by after filling and pre-pressurization can bring into cavitation in turbo-pump. One of the method preventing propellant temperature rising in cryogenic feeding system is recirculating propellant through the loop composed of propellant tank, feed pipe, and recirculation pipe. The circulation of propellant is promoted through gas-lift effect by gas injection to lower position of recirculation pipe. In this experiment liquid oxygen and gas helium is used as propellant and injection gas. Under atmospheric and pressurized tank ullage condition, helium injection flow-rate is varied to observe the variation of recirculating flow-rate and propellant temperature in the feed pipe. There is appropriate helium injection flow-rate for gas-lift recirculation system.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2011

We studied temperature sensitivity characteristics of soil respiration during periods of rising and falling temperatures within a common temperature range. We measured soil respiration continuously through two periods (a period of falling temperature, from August 7, 2003 to October 13, 2003; and a period of rising temperature from May 2, 2004 to July 2, 2004) using an open-top chamber technique. A clear exponential relationship was observed between soil temperature and soil respiration rate during both periods. However, the effects of soil water content were not significant, because the humid monsoon climate prevented soil drought, which would otherwise have limited soil respiration. We analyzed temperature sensitivity using the $Q_{10}$ value and $R_{ref}$ (reference respiration at the average temperature for the observation period) and found that these values tended to be higher during the period of rising temperature than during the period of falling temperature. In the absence of an effect on soil water content, several other factors could explain this phenomenon. Here, we discuss the factors that control temperature sensitivity of soil respiration during periods of rising and falling temperature, such as root respiration, root growth, root exudates, and litter supply. We also discuss how the contribution of these factors may vary due to different growth states or due to the effects of the previous season, despite a similar temperature range.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2004

Crack growth rate and threshold stress intensity factor for stress corrosion cracking(SCC), $K_{ISCC}$ were measured for type 403 stainless steel in 3,5% NaCl solution at room temperature and SCC was monitored by electrochemical noise technique during $K_{ISCC}$ testing. In rising load test, pits were formed at the tip of pre-crack for the pre-cracked compact tension specimen unlike in smooth round specimen in which only unstable pits were observed and hence immune to SCC. Micro-cracks were found to initiate from the pits in the former specimen, and initiation of micro-crack as well as macro-crack was detected by electrochemical noise technique in rising load $K_{ISCC}$ tests. Crack growth rate increased with increasing either displacement rate or stress intensity factor at crack initiation and was higher in rising load $K_{ISCC}$ test compared to constant load $K_{ISCC}$ test at given stress intensities.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권6호통권134호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2005

두께 50 mm 국산 소나무(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) 판재의 건조스케줄 개량을 위해 일반 열기 건조스케줄, 시간 기준 건조스케줄, 연속 온도상승 건조스케줄, 그리고 습구온도 조절 건조스케줄을 적용하여 최종함수율 15% 정도까지 건조한 후 각각의 건조스케줄 적용에 의한 건조특성을 비교분석하였다. 두께 50 mm 국산 소나무의 일반 열기 건조스케줄 적용실험 결과 건조속도는 0.53%/hr, 시간 기준 건조스케줄 적용에 의한 건조속도는 0.9%/hr, 그리고 연속 온도상승 건조스케줄 적용에 의한 건조속도는 2.29%/hr였으며, 습구온도 조절 건조스케줄 적용에 의한 건조속도는 1.52%/hr였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

A model was developed to predict the effects of rising air temperature on net photosynthetic rate of Quercus mongolica stands at Mt. Paekcheok-san, Kangwon-do in South Korea. The PFD (Photon flux density) and air temperature were determined from weather data from the research site and the Daegwallyeong meteorological station and gas exchange or release responses of each tree component were measured. Using these data, we simulated the effects of increases in mean annual air temperatures above current conditions on annual $CO_2$ budget of Q. mongolica stands. If mean annual air temperature is increased by 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 or $3.0^{\circ}C$, annual net photosynthetic rate will be increased by 8.8, 12.8, 14.5, 12.6, 9.2 and 1.0 ton $CO_2\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ respectively. Simulations indicate that changes in air temperature will have a major impact on gas exchange and release in Q. mongolica stands, resulting in a net increase in the rate of carbon fixation by standing crops.

• 환경생물
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.352-362
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• 2022

우리나라 동해와 남해 연안에 주로 분포하는 게바다말의 수온 상승에 따른 탄소수지 변화를 예측하기 위하여 5℃에서 30℃까지의 수온에서 5℃ 간격으로 광합성과 호흡률을 측정하였다. 광합성 매개변수 중 광합성 효율(α)을 제외한 최대광합성률(P_max)과 보상광도(I_c), 포화광도(I_k)가 수온이 상승함에 따라 증가하였으며, 호흡률(R) 또한 수온 상승에 따라 증가하였다. 가장 높은 수온(30℃)에서 P_max와 I_k는 급격히 감소하였으나, 반면에 I_c와 호흡률은 지속적으로 증가하였다. P_max :R ratio는 가장 높은 수온(30℃)에서 최소값을, 가장 낮은 수온(5℃)에서 최대값을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 게바다말이 양의 탄소수지를 유지하기 위해 필요한 일일 포화광도 시간(H_sat)을 계산한 결과, 5℃에서는 2.50시간 이상, 30℃에서는 10.61시간 이상이 요구되어, 수온이 상승할수록 더 많은 시간의 포화광도(H_sat)가 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 수온이 꾸준히 상승되어 여름철 고수온이 장기간 지속되면 우리 연안 게바다말 생육지의 분포에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되었다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제20권B호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2000

In order to observe the pattern forming of copper plate and chemical corrosion reaction, a study on the effect of the process parameters on the formation of micro-pattern by a photochemical etching of copper plate was carried out. The results are as follows : 1) Etching rate increases as the concentration of etchant increases under the regular condition of the temperature by the increasing of diffusion rate to surface. 2) Etching rate increases as the temperature of etchant increases by the fast acting of the material delivery of diffusion to surface under the regular condition of concentration. 3) It was found that etching speed increases as the material delivery of convection rising increased when the aeration speed of etchant increases. This result was from the fact acted by the material delivery of convection rising rather than material delivery of diffusion to the surface.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.707-714
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• 2003

플라즈마 아크 광중합기 (Plasma Arc Curing units)는 상대적으로 높은 광강도를 발생시켜 짧은 중합시간으로 복합레진이 충분한 중합강도에 도달할 수 있게 해준다. 시술시간의 단축이라는 점에서 소아치과에서는 최근에 플라즈마 아크 광중합기를 많이 사용하고 있으나, 플라즈마 아크 광중합기는 광조사 동안 많은 열을 발생시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 2종류의 플라즈마 아크 광중합기(Flipo, Q-Lux plasma 100)를 이용하여 여러 두께의 상아질 시편과 중합된 복합레진 시편을 통해 전달되는 온도를 측정하고 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 플라즈마 아크 광중합기를 연속적으로 조사하였을 때, 중합기의 조사단에서 측정된 온도는 조사시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였고, Q-lux에서 Flipo보다 더 큰 온도 증가를 보였다(p<.0.001). 2. 상아질 시편의 두께에 따른 온도 변화에서, 상아질 시편의 두께가 증가함에 따라 온도 증가량은 감소되었다(p<0.05). 3. 복합레진 시편의 두께에 따른 온도 변화에서, 복합레진 시편의 두께가 증가함에 따라 온도 증가량은 감소되었다(p<0.05).

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.665-668
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• 2001

Generally, according to rising of atmospheric temperature, a consistency of concrete decreases, and a slump property of concrete is changed to be large. Also, in the strength development of concrete, the strength development rate of long-term age(28day) in comparison to strength of early age(7day) and the absolute compressive strength decreases. Accordingly, in this study, experiments about quality evaluation of concrete utilizing Ordinary Portland Cement is carried out. As a result of experiments, there were a conspicuous change in slump of concrete due to temperature increase. In conclusion, the rising of atmospheric temperature was very important factor in affecting the quality fluctuation of hot weather concrete.