• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.2077-2083
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• 2000

For the application of wet air oxidation(WAO) process reactive dyes, remazol blacks has been selected as the subject for this study. The rate of decomposition relating to the reaction temperature and catalyst has been summarized during the catalytic wet air oxidation reaction. When 1.5 gram per liter of platinum is added titanium-dioxide and the partial pressure is adjusted to 6 atmosphere at the reaction temperature exceeding $200^{\circ}C$, more than 95% of the remazol blacks dyes were decomposed. When the reaction temperature was raised to $200^{\circ}C$, $220^{\circ}C$ and $250^{\circ}C$, respectively, for 240 minutes after adding the catalyst, the remaining rate of ultraviolet absorbance had dropped significantly to 18%, 12%, and 4%. At the reaction temperature of $250^{\circ}C$, color removal efficiency was approximately 95% or more after 120 minutes from the beginning of the reaction.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

High temperature superconducting coated conductor has a structure of /< superconducting layer>//. The buffer layer consists of multi layer, and the architecture most widely used in RABiTS approach is CeO$_2$(cap layer)/YSZ(diffusion barrier layer)/CeO$_2$(seed layer). Evaporation technique is used for the CeO$_2$ layer and DC reactive sputtering technique is used for the YSZ layer, A chamber was set up specially for DC reactive sputtering, Detailed features are as following. A separator divided the chamber into two halves a sputtering chamber and a reaction chamber. The argon gas for sputtering target elements flows out of the cap of sputtering gun, and water vapor for reaction with depositing species spouts near the substrate. Turbo pump is connected with reaction chamber. High speed deposition of YSZ film could be achieved in the chamber. Detailed deposition conditions (temperature and partial pressure of reaction gas) were investigated for the rapid growth of high quality YSZ film.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.309-312
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• 2007

Sputter deposition followed by surface treatment was studied using reactive RF plasma as a method for preparing titanium oxide($TiO_{2}$) films on indium tin oxide(ITO) coated glass substrate for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). Anatase structure $TiO_{2}$ films deposited by reactive RF magnetron sputtering under the conditions of $Ar/O_{2}$(5%) mixtures, RF power of 600W and substrate temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ were surface-treated by inductive coupled plasma(ICP) with $Ar/O_{2}$ mixtures at substrate temperature of $400^{\circ}C$, and thus the films were applied to the DSSCs, The $TiO_{2}$ Films made on these exhibited the BET specific surface area of 95, the pore volume of $0.3cm^{2}$ and the TEM particle size of ${\sim}25$ nm. The DSSCs made of this $TiO_{2}$ material exhibited an energy conversion efficiency of about 2.25% at $100mW/cm^{2}$ light intensity.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.60-63
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• 2013

Recently, Silicone that one of the thermo-sets is used to making optical products such as LED lenses because of excellent thermal properties. LED lenses are required to keep the precise dimensions, so they must be molded to have the minimum deformation. Thermo-sets have the expansion characteristic on the part of thermal property, it is important to optimize the cure condition so that the deformation of the part become minimum. In this study, to investigate the relationship between the shrinkage by the curing and expansion by the thermal properties of the resin, reactive injection experiment was performed by setting the variables such as mold setting temperature, cure time. As a result, it was confirmed that there was a interval while the thermal properties were transferred to more active during the cure process. It is expected to help in determining the reactive injection molding conditions of the thermo-set parts as well as LED lens in order to reduce the amount of deformation.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.289-292
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• 2011

Reactive mesogen (RM) is an organic liquid crystal molecule that can be self-aligned to have an optic axis of birefringence when coated over a polyimide alignment film. A free-standing optical wave-plate film consisting of RM and low-loss optical polymers was fabricated in this work, and the film was inserted across the polymer waveguide to form an integrated optical polarization converter. For convenient evaluation of the polarization converters, a waveguide polarizer and analyzer were fabricated in series. The polarization conversion efficiency was measured to be 25 dB for the wavelength range from 1520 to 1580 nm. The wave plate exhibited a temperature-dependent retardation of $4.5^{\circ}$ for a temperature change from 25 to $100^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1421-1425
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• 1996

Sintered Si3N4 and Inconel composed of Ni(58-63%) Cr(21-25%) Al(1-17%) Mn(<1%) fe(balance) were pressurelessly joined by using Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal at 950℃ and 1200℃ under N2 gas atmosphere of 1atm and their interfacial structures were investigated. In case that the reaction temperature was low as 950℃ its interfacial structure was "Inconel metal/Ti-rich phase layer/brazing filler metal layer/Si3N4 " Ti used as reactive metal existed in between inconel steel and brazing metal and moved to the interface of between brazing filler metal nd Si3N4 according as reaction temperature increased up to 1200℃. The interfacial structure of inconel steel-Si3N4 reacted at 1200℃ was ' inconel metal/Ni-rich phase layer containing of Fe. Cr and Si/Cu-rich phase layer containing of Mn and Si/Si3N4 " Cr Mn, Ni and Fe diffused to the interface of between brazing filler metal and Si3N4 and reacted with Si3N4 The most reactive components of ingredients of inconel metal were Cr and Mn. On the other hand Ti added as reactive components to Ag-Cu eutectic segregated into Ni-rich phase layer,.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.394-398
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• 2019

In this paper, the joining characteristics of GDC-LSM ceramics with Crofer 22 APU metal alloys was investigated at different brazing temperatures and holding times by reactive air brazing. Brazing was performed using Ag-10 wt% CuO filler, at three different temperatures (1000, 1050, and 1100℃ for 30 minutes) as well as for three different holding times (10, 30, and 60 minutes at 1050℃). The interfacial microstructures were examined by scanning electron microscopy and the joining strengths were assessed by measuring shear strengths at room temperature. The results show that with increasing brazing temperature and holding time, joint microstructure changed obviously and shear strength was decreased. Shear strength varied from a maximum of 100±6 MPa to a minimum of 18±5 MPa, depending on the brazing conditions. These changes were attributed to an increase in the thickness of the oxide layer at the filler/metal alloy interface.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.279-287
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• 2013

Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) Fe with $Al_2O_3$ dispersoid was successfully produced by reactive milling with a mixture of Fe, $Fe_3O_4$ (Magnetite), $Fe_2O_3$ (Hematite) and Al reactants at cryogenic temperature. The milled powders were consolidated by Vacuum Hot Press (HP) at 1323 K, and the consolidated materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS); the yield strength and the hardness of the consolidated materials were determined by compressive test and Vickers hardness test at room temperature. The grain size of the materials was estimated by X-ray Diffraction technique using the scherrer's formula. The TEM observations showed that the microstructure was comprised with a mixture of nanocrystalline Fe matrix and $Al_2O_3$ nano-dispersoids with a bimodal size distribution; the 0.2% off-set yield strength of the materials was as high as $758{\pm}29$ MPa and the Vickers hardness was $358{\pm}2$. The effect of the cryogenic milling and addition of extra Fe powder was discussed on the suppression of MSR (Mechanically induced Self-sustaining Reaction) for the desired microstructural evolution of ODS alloys.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 1994

To study the printing behaviors of Polyester and cotton(P/C) fabrics printed with disperse and reactive dyes, the effects of alkalis on the fixation of reactive dyes and the alkali-stability of disperse dyes in various methods of fixation were examined. The anthraquinone disperse dyes which have diamino derivatives as substituents without hydroxy group, such as C.I. Disperse Violet 1(D.V.1), C.I. Disperse Violet 28(D.V.28) and C.I.Disperse Blue 60(D.B.60) showed good results of fixation without regard to the concentration of NaHCO$_3$. In case of high temperature steaming(HTS) and unsaturated steaming(US)/HTS, D.V. 1 was alkali-stable and effective for P/C printing. A good result was obtained with D.V.1 and C.I.Reactive Orange 13(R.O.13) paste of 4% $K_{2}CO_{3}$. It was found that the unfixed D.V.28 bearing chloro group can hinder the fixation of monochlorotriaxinyl reactive dyes, and D.B.60 made little stain on 100% cotton. In thermosol(Tm), the dye uptake of D.V.1 was not decreased so much, but those of D.V.28 and D.B.60 were greatly decreased.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2005

Reactive monomer, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), was grafted onto low density polyethylene (LDPE) using peroxide and then reactive blend with nylon-6 was rallied out by corotating twin screw extruder. Grafting of GMA was identified using FT-IR. Graft ratio or GMA increased with reaction temperature, peroxide concentration and styrene comonomer concentration. It is observed that tensile elongation and tensile strength or LDPE-g-GMA/nylon-6 blend were higher than those of LDPE/nylon-6 blend. Morphology of blend was analyzed using SEM.