• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.914-928
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• 2017

This research investigated the effect of pH of dyebath and dyeing temperature on the dyeability of indigotin and indirubin on silk as well as the relationship between the amount of indigotin and indirubin detected from the dyed silk through HPLC-DAD analysis and the color of samples measured using a spectro-colorimeter. Indigo standard dye and indirubin standard dye were deliberately mixed by ratios 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100 to dye silk with a different pH of dyebath (7, 11) and different dyeing temperatures ($50^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$). The amount of indigotin and indirubin pigments in silk was calculated using regression equations obtained from standard calibration curves of indigotin and indirubin. A higher indigotin percent ratio resulted in the higher K/S values and the higher amount of indigotin detected from silk. However, higher indirubin percent ratio in the mixed dye did not relate to the higher indirubin pigment detected in silk. While indirubin showed low or negative contribution to the K/S values, it showed a higher effect on the color of dyed silk. Higher amounts of indirubin in dyed silk resulted in a darker PB color, which led to P color with increases in indirubin content.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

This study was aimed to establish analytical method of Bi to develop a guideline of the bioequivalence test of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (TDB). For this purpose, a simple, specific and sensitive inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) method were developed and validated in human plasma. Various concentrations of bismuth standard solution (0-25ng/mL) were prepared with distilled water and human blank plasma. To 10mL of the volumetric flasks, 2mL of blank plasma was added with 8ml of distilled water. Bi standard solution was added to prepare the calibration samples and injected into ICP-MS. The plasma samples obtained from volunteers given 3 tablets of bismuth (total 900mg as TDB) were analyzed as described above. As a result, the coefficients of variation were <20% in quantitation limit (0.2 ng/mL) and <15% at the rest of concentrations. The stability test by repeated freezing-thawing cycles showed that the samples were stable only for 24hr. The stability tested for samples with a short-term period of storage at room temperature and pre-treatment prior to the analysis showed very stable over 24hr. In 8 healthy Korean subjects received Denol tablets at the dose of 900mg bismuth, AUC, $C_{max},\;T_{max}$ and half-life $(t_{1/2})$ were determined to be $198.33{\pm}173.78 ng{\cdot}hr/mL,\;64.48{\pm}27.06 ng/mL,\;0.52{\pm}0.21 hr,\;and\;5.15{\pm}2.67 hr$, respectively, from the plasma bismuth concentration-time curves. In conclusion, the method was suitable for the determination of bismuth in human plasma samples and could be applied to bioequivalence test of bismuth tablet.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.116-129
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• 1990

A rational management of water resources in estuary reservoirs necessiates the prediction of water quality. In this study, a multiple box model for the water quality prediction was developed as a tool for the purpose of examining an adequate way to improve and maintain the water quality. Some submodels that are suitable for simulating the mixing behavior of pollutant materials in a lake were considered in this model. The model was appiled for predicting water qualities of Haenam Esturay Reservoir. The result from this study can be summarized as follows : 1.A water quality simulation model that can predict the 10-day mean value of water qualities was developed by adding some submodels that simulate the concentrations of chlorophyll-a, BOD, T-P and T-N to the existing Multiple Box Model representing the mixing and circulating of materials by the hydarulic action. 2.As input data for the model developed, the climatic data including precipitation, solar radiation, temperature, cloudness, wind speed and relative humidity, and the water buget records including the pumping discharge and the releasing discharge by drainage gate were ollected. The hydrologic data for the inflow discharge from the watershed was obtained by simulation with the aid of USDAUL-74/SNUA watershed model. Also the water quality data were measured at streams and the reservoir. 3.As a result of calibration and verification test by using four comonents of water quality such as Chlorophyll-a, BOD, T-P and T-N, it was found that the correlation coefficeints between the observed and the simulated water qualities showed greater than 0.6, therefore the capability of the model to simulate the water quality was proved. 4.The result based on the model application showed that the water quality of the Haenam Estuary Reservoir varies seasonally with the harmonic trend, however the water quality is good in winter and get worse in summer. Also it may be concluded that the current grarde of water quality in the Heanam Esutary Reservoir is ranked as grade 4 suitable only for the agricultutal use.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2005

BYL-EV250 증발기록계를 이용하여 해남 농경지역의 자유 수면 증발량을 관측하였고, 그 자료를 분석하여, 기상 요소와 증발량과의 관계를 분석하였다. 자연상태에서 증발량을 결정하는 기상요소의 관계를 살펴보고, 그 결과를 바람과 포차의 경험식으로 나타내었다. 이 식을 이용하여 자유 수면으로부터의 시간당 증발량을 구할 수 있었으며 수온, 기온, 습도, 풍속 같은 기상요소만으로 증발량 추정이 가능했다. 증발량 산출에 대한 신뢰성을 높이기 위해 지속적으로 수면에서의 물수지에 대한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 증발량 관측도 다른 기상요소와 같이 매시간 관측 자료 생산 가능성을 시사했다. 부력을 이용한 측정방법은 미소 수위 변화(0.1mm 이하)를 측정 할 수 있어 대형증발계를 활용한 자동관측에 대한 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있었다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 장기간 관측된 자유수면 증발자료와 플럭스 타워에서 동시에 관측된 실제 증발산 자료의 비교분석이 현재진행 중에 있다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to evaluate the hydrologic impacts of climate and land use changes in a rural small watershed. HadCM3 (Hadley Centre Coupled Model, ver.3) A2 scenario and LARS-WG (Long Ashton Research Station - Weather Generator) were used to generate future climatic data. Future land use data were also generated by the CA-Markov (Cellular Automata-Markov) method. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to evaluate hydrologic impacts. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated with stream flow measured at the Baran watershed in Korea. The SWAT model simulation results agreed well with observed values during the calibration and validation periods. In this study, hydrologic impacts were analyzed according to three scenarios: future climate change (Scenario I), future land use change (Scenario II), and both future climate and land use changes (Scenario III). For Scenario I, the comparison results between a 30-year baseline period (1997~2004) and a future 30-year period (2011~2040) indicated that the total runoff, surface runoff, lateral subsurface runoff, groundwater discharge, and evapotranspiration increased as precipitation and temperature for the future 30-year period increased. The monthly variation analysis results showed that the monthly runoff for all months except September increased compared to the baseline period. For Scenario II, both the total and surface runoff increased as the built-up area, including the impervious surface, increased, while the groundwater discharge and evapotranspiration decreased. The monthly variation analysis results indicated that the total runoff increased in the summer season, when the precipitation was concentrated. In Scenario III, the results showed a similar trend to that of Scenario II. The monthly runoff for all months except October increased compared to the baseline period.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2013

Bojungikgi-tang has been widely used for enhancement of physical fitness in Korea. The convenient, simple, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determination of four marker compounds, liquiritin, nodakenin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin in Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang in Chinese, Hochuekkito in Japanese), a traditional Korean herbal prescription. The column for optimizing HPLC separation was used a Gemini $C_{18}$ column at column oven temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ with 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid (A) and 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitirle (B) by gradient flow. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the detector was a photodiode array (PDA) set at 254 nm, 280 nm, and 335 nm. Calibration curves of four components were acquired with $r^2$ values ${\geq}0.9999$. The recoveries were found to range 92.11~105.68% with relative standard deviations (RSDs, %) value less than 2.50%. The RSD values of intraand inter-day precision were 0.07~2.50% and 0.16~1.99%, respectively. The contents of liquiritin, nodakenin, hesperidin and glycyrrhizin in Bojungikgi-tang were 3.85~3.92 mg/g, 2.27~2.32 mg/g, 4.14~4.19 mg/g, and 3.39~3.45 mg/g, respectively. The established simultaneous analysis method will be effective for quality control of Bojungikgi-tang.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.512-514
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• 2004

The Electro-Optical Camera (EOC) is a high spatial resolution, visible imaging sensor which collects visible image data of the earth's sunlit surface and is the primary payload on KOMPSAT-l. The purpose of the EOC payload is to provide high resolution visible imagery data to support cartography of the Korean Peninsula. The EOC is a push broom-scanned sensor which incorporates a single nadir looking telescope. At the nominal altitude of 685Km with the spacecraft in a nadir pointing attitude, the EOC collects data with a ground sample distance of approximately 6.6 meters and a swath width of around 17Km. The EOC is designed to operate with a duty cycle of up to 2 minutes (contiguous) per orbit over the mission lifetime of 3 years with the functions of programmable gain/offset. The EOC has no pointing mechanism of its own. EOC pointing is accomplished by right and left rolling of the spacecraft, as needed. Under nominal operating conditions, the spacecraft can be rolled to an angle in the range from +/- 15 to 30 degrees to support the collection of stereo data. In this paper, the status of EOC such as temperature, dark calibration, cover operation and thermal control is checked and analyzed by continuously monitored state of health (SOH) data and image data during the mission life of 3 years. The aliveness of EOC and operation continuation beyond mission life is confirmed by the results of the analysis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.755-763
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• 2020

The critical flow phenomenon has been studied because of its significant effect for design basis accidents in nuclear power plants. Transition points from thermal non-equilibrium to equilibrium are different according to the geometric effect on the critical flow. This study evaluates the uncertainty parameters of the critical flow model for analysis of DBA (Design Basis Accident) with the MARS-KS (Multi-dimensional Analysis for Reactor Safety-KINS Standard) code used as an independent regulatory assessment. The uncertainty of the critical flow model is represented by three parameters including the thermal non-equilibrium factor, discharge coefficient, and length to diameter (L/D) ratio, and their ranges are determined using large-scale Marviken test data. The uncertainty range of the thermal non-equilibrium factor is updated by the MCDA (Model Calibration through Data Assimilation) method. The updated uncertainty range is confirmed using an LBLOCA (Large Break Loss of Coolant Accident) experiment in the LOFT (Loss of Fluid Test) facility. The uncertainty ranges are also used to calculate an LBLOCA of the APR (Advanced Power Reactor) 1400 NPP (Nuclear Power Plants), focusing on the effect of the PCT (Peak Cladding Temperature). The results reveal that break flow is strongly dependent on the degree of the thermal non-equilibrium state in a ruptured pipe with a small L/D ratio. Moreover, this study provides the method to handle the thermal non-equilibrium factor, discharge coefficient, and length to diameter (L/D) ratio in the system code.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.2736-2744
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• 2013

본 논문은 수직형 정수처리시설 내의 유량, 압력, 수위 및 수온 등의 데이터 취득과 무선 환경에서의 실시간 모니터링을 통해 스마트 정수장 구현의 기반을 마련하고자 한다. 현장 적용 전 2.45GHz 대역의 Zigbee 기반 센서노드 및 게이트웨이를 제작하여 검증하였다. 센서로부터 취득된 데이터는 데이터 처리장치로 전송되고, 처리된 데이터는 운영관리용 PC 뿐만 아니라 모바일에서도 모니터링 가능하도록 구현하였다. 또한, 전파환경 분석과 송수신 속도 분석 등의 적용성을 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 통신망 성능분석 및 모바일 기기를 활용한 원격 모니터링 감시체계를 구현함으로서 저비용, 고효율의 USN 기반 분산형 용수공급시스템을 구축하고자 한다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

Understanding of the basic characteristics of an astronomical instrument is a prerequisite to obtaining reliable data from the instrument. We have analyzed more than 1,000 calibration images from the Fairchild 486 CCD (hereafter the Maidanak 4k CCD system) attached to the AZT-22 1.5m telescope at Maidanak Astronomical Observatory in Uzbekistan. The Maidanak 4k CCD system supports three readout modes through 1, 2, or 4 amplifiers. In most cases observers use 4-amplifier readout mode to save time. We have tested the stability and seasonal variation of zero levels and confirm that two quadrants of the images (Amp 1 & 2) show no appreciable seasonal variation. but the other two quadrants (Amp 3 & Amp 4) show an evident seasonal variation in the bias level. The Cryo Tiger, the cooling system used at the Maidanak 4k CCD system, maintains the CCD temperature at -108'E, and effectively suppresses the dark electrons. The mean value versus the variance plot of the flat images does not show the expected relation for an ideal Poisson noise distribution and this is attributed to the large variation in quantum efficiency between different pixels. In addition, we confirm that there is no appreciable difference in gain between readout amplifiers, but there is a large variation in quantum efficiency across CCD chip especially in U. Due to the finite length of shutter opening and closing time, the effective exposure time varies across the science images. We introduce two parameters to quantify the effect of this uneven illumination and present a method to remove these effects. We also present a method to remove the interference patterns appearing in the images obtained with longer wavelength filters and investigate the spatial variation of the point spread function.