• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.402-412
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• 2022

본 연구는 주요 난대 상록활엽수종인 붉가시나무, 구실잣밤나무, 동백나무, 황칠나무 등 4종 임분과 곰솔림을 대상으로 2019년 5월~2020년 1월까지 각 산림의 임분 특성 및 NVOCs 발산특성을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 분석 결과, 각 조사구의 계절별 기온 및 습도는 여름철에 고온다습하고 겨울철 저온건조한 일반적 우리나라의 기후적 특성을 보였고 기압은 대체적으로 겨울이 높았으며 봄, 여름보다 가을과 겨울의 기압이 높았다. 조사구 5개소의 총 NVOCs는 전체적으로 여름철에 가장 높았으며 봄, 겨울은 황칠나무림, 가을은 구실잣밤나무림, 여름은 붉가시나무림의 NVOCs량이 상대적으로 높은 특성을 보였다. 수종별로 살펴보면, 침엽수종인 곰솔림보다 난대 상록활엽수종인 붉가시나무, 구실잣밤나무, 동백나무, 황칠나무의 NVOCs 발산량이 낮지 않거나 오히려 높은 것을 확인하였다. NVOCs 발산에 기온(r=0.590, P=0.000), 습도(r=0.655, P=0.000)는 양(+)의 상관관계, 기압(r=-0.384, P=0.000)과 풍속(r=-0.263, P=0.018)은 낮은 음(-)의 영향이 있었다. 미기상인자 중 습도(β=0.507, P=0.000)가 NVOC 발산량에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 기온, 기압, 풍속 순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제113권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2024

Determining the nutrient stoichiometry in plant organs is critical for understanding nutrient uptake and cycling in forest ecosystems. This study evaluated nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry in various plant organs (stem, bark, branches, and foliage) of species found in four warm-temperate forests in southern Korea. Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (CJ), Quercus serrata Thunb. (QS), evergreen broadleaved tree species (EB), and bamboo spp. (BB) were destructively sampled to measure nutrient (C, N, and P) concentrations in the plant organs. The mean C concentration in the stem was significantly higher in CJ than in QS, BB, or EB, whereas the C concentration in the foliage was the lowest in BB. The mean foliar N and P concentrations were higher in BB than in EB or CJ. The mean stem C:N and C:P ratios were highest in CJ but were lowest in the foliage of BB. Overall, stems of all species showed a strong positive correlation between C concentration and dry weight, but a negative correlation between N and dry weight. The N and P concentrations of foliage and bark were strongly correlated, whereas those of the stem and branches were poorly correlated. Positive correlations were detected between the C:N and C:P ratios in bark and foliage. These results indicate the existence of intraspecific differences in nutrient requirements in warm-temperate forest species and add to the understanding of nutrient uptake and storage patterns in the organs of species growing in warm-temperate forests.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine the components of phytoncide from a pine forest in the southern temperate zone. Recent studies have found that a large amount of phytoncide is released not only from cypress trees but also from pine trees. Because the amount released is the highest during summer, we selected a warm climate region in the southern temperate zone and measured the concentration in the month of August. To capture the phytoncide from the forest atmosphere, we used the adsorption tube method with a mini pump and successfully gathered 9 L of forest air at a flow rate of 150 mL/min. We performed duplicate sampling from two different tubes installed at the same location and derived the mean value. A gas chromatography/mass spectrometer detector with thermal desorption spectroscopy was utilized to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses of the captured material. The results showed that the average phytoncide particle of the pine forest in the southern temperate zone contained a number of components as follows in descending order: ${\alpha}$-Pinene (39%, $0.28ng/m^3$), followed by ${\beta}$-Pinene (16%, $0.11ng/m^3$), D-Limonene (8%, $0.06ng/m^3$), camphor (6%, $0.04ng/m^3$), camphene (6%, $0.04ng/m^3$), and p-Cymene (5%, $0.04ng/m^3$). There were also 13 additional phytoncide components in trace amounts. The results of this study are expected to provide a useful dataset for building a "Healing-forest".

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권3호
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• pp.379-388
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• 1999

우리 나라에 적용할 산림용 종자 산지구분(塵地區分)의 첫 단계로 임목집단의 유전생태적 분화에 영향이 큰 연평균 온도, 극한 최저온도, 생육기간중 상대습도, 일조량, 건조지수 등 기상인자를 척도로 수평적 산지를 구분하였다. 적용한 산지구분의 개념은 전형적인 산지구분 형태인 수종별 구분법보다는 전 수종을 포함한 생태지역 개념의 산지구분법에 따랐다. 산림대를 대구분 단위로 하여 산림대별(난대, 온대남부, 온대중부, 온대북부)로 기본구역을 설정하여 유집분석을 근거로 난대 3, 온대남부 6, 온대중부 8, 온대북부 2로 총 19개의 수평적 산지로 구분하였다. 적용한 6개의 척도중 연평균 온도, 극한 최저온도, 생장일수는 산림대별로 난대에서 온대북부 방향으로 일정한 경향을 보였으며 상대습도, 일조량 및 건조지수에서는 일정한 경향을 보이지는 않았으나 산지간에는 많은 차이를 보여 이들 인자는 미세 환경인자에 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에 의해 구분된 산지는 구획 초기단계로 잠정적인 산지로 활용하면서 금후 생물기후도, 산지시험, 유전생태 자료 등이 축적되면 보완해 나갈 것이다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2010

The present study was undertaken in moist temperate forest of Mandal-Chopta area in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The aim of the present study was to assess the physical properties of soils in relation to the forest structure and composition. Twelve forest types according to the altitude, slope aspect and species compositions were selected for the study. Physical properties of soil i.e., soil colour, soil texture (per cent of sand, silt and clay), moisture content, water holding capacity, porosity, bulk density (gm/$cm^3$) and void ratio were analyzed for three different depths viz., (i) 'upper' (0-10 cm), (ii) 'middle' (11-30 cm) and (iii) 'lower' (31-60 cm) in all the selected forest types. Phytosociological and diversity parameters viz. total basal cover ($Gha^{-1}$), stem density ($Nha^{-1}$), tree species richness, Simpson concentration of dominance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were also calculated for each forest type. This study also provides the comparisons between the results of physical analysis of the present study with numerous other previous studies in the temperate Himalayan region of the Uttarakhand.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2014

This study was conducted to develop allometric equations and to determine the stem density and biomass expansion factor (BEF) for the estimation of the aboveground and belowground biomass of Cryptomeria japonica in Jeju Island, Korea. A total of 18 trees were harvested from the 40-year-old C. japonica stands in Hannam experimental forest, Jeju Island. The mean biomass of the C. japonica was $50.4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in stem wood, $23.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in root, $9.6Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in branch, $4.6Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in needle and $4.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in stem bark. The diameter at breast height (DBH) was selected as independent variable for the development of allometric equations. To evaluate the performance of these equations, coefficient of determination ($R^2$) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used and results of the evaluation showed that $R^2$ ranged from 71% (root biomass equation) to 96% (aboveground biomass equation) and the RMSE ranged from 0.10 (aboveground biomass equation) to 0.33 (root biomass equation). The mean stem density of C. japonica was $0.37g\;cm^{-3}$ and the mean aboveground BEF was $1.28g\;g^{-1}$. Furthermore, the ratio of the root biomass to aboveground biomass was 0.32.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2013

This study was proposed to adaptable species according to climate change using warmth index(WI) in Cheonan-Si. RCP 8.5 was used to estimate change of warmth index(WI) depending on climate change in Cheonan-Si. Climatic change of Cheonan-Si was estimated to change from cool temperate forest central zone to warm temperate forest zone. The following plant species will survive within WI change of Cheonan-Si from 2010 to 2050 : 18 species in the tree layer including Quercus serrata, Q. variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Q. acutissima etc.; 28 species in the shrub layer including Rhus trichocarpa, Lindera obtusiloba, Zanthoxylum schinifolium etc.; 24 species in the herb layer including Oplismenus undulatifolius, Carex lanceolata, etc.; 12 species in the vine plants including Smilax china, Cocculus trilobus, etc.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2019

Recently, it has become known that Gotjawal terrain is an important area, therefore the study on this area has conducted in the geological, ecological, and cultural aspects. The studies on bryophytes of Gotjawal, however, have not been sufficiently performed. This study presents a survey on the bryophytes of the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Cheongsu-ri at Hangyeong Gotjawal in the southwestern part of Jejudo Island, Korea. A total of 72 taxa belonging to the Bryophyta (18 families 43 genera 55 species) and Marchantiophyta (11 families 13 genera 17 species) were determined and the liverwort index was 23.6%. Predominant life-form was weft. The rates of the bryophytes dominating in mesic to hygric sites were higher than the bryophytes mainly observed in xeric habitats. These values indicate that the forests are widespread and dense in this study area. Upon an investigation of the substrates, the bryophytes on rocks were most diverse. The results appear to stem from the fact that volcanic rock masses of various sizes lay scattered over the study area, offering numerous micro-habitats for bryophyte due to one of the characteristics of Gotjawal. We suggest that more detailed studies should be conducted at the regional scale to establish the bryophyte flora of Gotjawal and the evergreen broad-leaved forests on Jejudo Island.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.901-910
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the amount (i.e., retention volume) and chemical composition of Natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) across different sites in a temperate forest. The three forest sites that were considered include riparian zones (site 1), streams (site 2), and densely-canopied areas (site 3). From May to October 2021, a mini pump was used to measure the collected NVOCs. These measurements were conducted once a month, from 10:30 am to 11:30 am; these times encompass peak visitation times. In the tree layers of the site 1 and 2, Quercus acuta was dominant, whereas Camellia japonica dominated their subtree layers. On the other hand, the tree layer of site 3 was dominated by Castanopsis sieboldii, whereas Camellia japonica dominated its subtree layer. The retention volume and chemical composition of NVOCs was as follows: benzaldehyde (107.528ppm), α-pinene (37.868ppm), linalool (16.258ppm), eucalyptol (14.818ppm), and sabinene hydrate (14.679ppm). In particular, the retention volume of benzaldehyde decreased as temperature increased. In contrast, the retention volume of α-pinene increased as the temperature increased. The differences in forest topography across the studies sites were in the following order: riparian area> forest area> stream area.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2011

A pollen analytical study of sediment sequences collected from Yongneup moor (sampling point: $38^{\circ}$12'57.4" N, $120^{\circ}$7'30.2" E) was conducted to understand the vegetation history in the mountainous region of the central Korean peninsula. Carbon dating was carried out to measure five successive samples obtained from the bottom at a depth of 180 cm to the surface. The Yongneup moor sediment revealed four main local pollen zones; that is, four past vegetation phases as follows: Local pollen zone I: Quercus-Pinus zone; estimated age, 5,900-4,800 calibrated years (cal) before present (BP); vegetation type, cool-temperate central/montane deciduous broad-leaved forest. Local pollen zone II: Pinus-Abies-Quercus zone; estimated age, 4,800-3,400 cal BP; vegetation type, cool-temperate northern/alti-montane mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forest. Local pollen zone III: Quercus-Pinus-Abies zone; estimated age, 3,400-400 cal BP; vegetation type: cool-temperate central/montane deciduous broad-leaved forest. Local pollen zone IV: Pinus-Quercus zone; estimated age, 400-present cal BP; vegetation type, cool-temperate central/montane mixed deciduous broad-leaved and coniferous forest. It was confirmed that subalpine coniferous forests had expanded to the mountainous region of the central Korean peninsula during the period from 4,800-3,400 cal BP and thereafter deciduous forests dominated by Q. mongolica were established. Notably, secondary forests dominated by P. densiflora developed in the lower part of the mountainous region of the central Korean peninsula about 400 cal BP due to human interference.