• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2014

나비목 종 다양성이 높은 지리산 온대 낙엽수림의 0.1 ha ($33m{\times}33m$) 방형구에서 나비목 애벌레와 기주식물의 다양성을 조사하였다. 방형구에 있는 식물의 종 및 개체수를 확인하고 이들 식물에서 먹이활동을 하는 애벌레를 채집하였다. 조사결과 14과 16종 141개체의 기주식물과, 11과 70종 159개체의 나비목 애벌레가 조사되었다. 나비목 애벌레는 졸참나무에서 가장 많이 채집되어 조사지역에서 선호 기주식물로 조사되었다. 채집된 애벌레의 종 다양성과 종 균등도는 자나방과와 밤나방과에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 나비목 애벌레와 기주식물과의 관계를 알 수 있었으며, 나아가 온대림의 나비목 애벌레의 종 다양성을 추정할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 1991년 위성 데이터와 2002년의 위성 데이터의 비교 분석을 통한 전남 완도의 난대림 식생 변화추이를 밝히는데 있다. 이를 위해 1991년 Landsat TM영상과 2002년 Landsat ETM 영상이 이용되었으며, 이미지 프로세싱은 ENVI를 이용하였다. GIS를 이용한 난대림 관리 시스템 개발은 Arc/Info와 ArcView를 이용하여 완성되었다. 영상 데이터의 촬영시기 차이와 TM 영상의 해상도(Resolution)가 정밀하지 못해 복잡한 지형특성을 지닌 곳에서는 정확한 변화추이를 파악하기는 불가능하였으나, 2002년 영상을 이용하여 분석된 완도의 상록활엽수림 면적은 약 2,027ha로 산출되었다. 상록활엽수림과 상록침엽수림은 11년 전에 비해 소폭으로 증가하였으나 낙엽활엽수림은 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 식생분류를 위한 기준은 상록활엽수림, 상록침엽수림, 낙엽활엽수림, 기타로 구분하였으며 감독분류기법을 통해 식생이 분류되었다. 완도의 공간 데이터는 녹지자연도, 현존식생도, 산림토양도, 훼손유형도, 지형도, 토지소유현황도로 분류되었고, 이에 대한 속성 데이터 베이스는 Arc/Info와 ArcView를 이용하여 완성되었다. 데이터를 관리하고 필요한 정보를 색인 분석하는 사용자 GUI(Graphic User Interface)는 Avenue를 이용하여 개발되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.87-102
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• 1996

한반도 난대기후대의 식생구조를 연구하기 위하여 남해안 도서지방의 상록활엽수림 지역에 52개 조사구를 설치하였다. 난대상록활엽수림은 지리적 격리와 인위적 교란에 의해 지역간 식생구조가 매우 상이하였다. 조사지의 식생들은 대체적으로 자연적 식생천이가 이루어진 상록활엽수림 집단, 장기간 훼손되었거나 관리되어온 상록활엽수림 집단, 그리고 상록활엽수종으로 천이되고 있는 조림식생 집단으로 구분되었다. 52개 조사구에서 80% 이상의 상재도를 보인 수종은 후박나무, 사스레피나무, 마삭줄, 생달나무, 광나무 등이었다. 난대기후대의 극상군락이라고 추정되는 육박나무군락은 주도와 애도에 잔존하고 있었다. 과거 교란이 있었던 해안지역에서는 구실잣밤나무로 이차천이가 예상된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.635-644
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• 2016

Birds play a main role in the formation and change of forest structures as they are seed-dispersal agents. This study aims to identify birds consuming fruits and seeds of the tree and their associated fruits and seeds on Jeju Island in the context on the forest restoration in Korea. We conducted field surveys twice a month from 2013 to 2015 at nine study sites located across Jeju Island and collected available photographic and observation records. A total of 50 species of birds consuming fruits and seeds of the tree were identified and birds belonging to Bombycillidae, Pycnonotidae, Zosteropidae, Sturnidae and Fringillidae were confirmed as major birds consuming fruits and seeds of the tree. Gulping was the dominant type of feeding as well as crushing, but relationship between the size of a bird and the number of fruit and seed species used by the bird was not significant. We also documented that 118 fruit and seed species were consumed by birds and that shrubby fruits and seeds were more consumed by birds than those of other plant types. The relative consumption rate of fruits and seeds ranged from 0.02 to 0.44, but five species were the most important fruits and seeds for birds. Our finding suggest that avian frugivorous gulpers will benefit the seed dispersal, especially of five fruiting plants, providing useful baseline data for forest restoration and urban park design.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2007

This study was conducted to estimate site productivity of Quercus acutissima and Quercus mongolica by four forest climatic zones. We used site environmental variables (28 geographical and pedological factors) and site index as a site productivity indicator from nation-wide 23,315 stands. Based on multiple regression analysis between site index and major environmental variables, the best-fit multivaliate models were made by each species and forest climatic zone. Most of site index prediction models by species were regressed with seven to eight factors, including altitude, relief, soil depth, and soil moisture etc. For those models, three evaluation statistics such as mean difference, standard deviation of difference, and standard error of difference were applied to the test data set for the validation of the results. According to the evaluation statistics, it was found that the models by climatic zones and species fitted well to the test data set with relatively low bias and variation. Also having above middle of site index range, total area of productive sites for the two Quercus spp. estimated by those models would be about 6% of total forest area. Northern temperate forest zone and central temperate forest zone had more productive area than southern temperate forest zone and warm temperate forest zone. As a result, it was concluded that the regressive prediction with site environmental variables by climatic zones and species had enough estimation capability of forest site productivity.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine the components of phytoncide from a pine forest in the southern temperate zone. Recent studies have found that a large amount of phytoncide is released not only from cypress trees but also from pine trees. Because the amount released is the highest during summer, we selected a warm climate region in the southern temperate zone and measured the concentration in the month of August. To capture the phytoncide from the forest atmosphere, we used the adsorption tube method with a mini pump and successfully gathered 9 L of forest air at a flow rate of 150 mL/min. We performed duplicate sampling from two different tubes installed at the same location and derived the mean value. A gas chromatography/mass spectrometer detector with thermal desorption spectroscopy was utilized to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses of the captured material. The results showed that the average phytoncide particle of the pine forest in the southern temperate zone contained a number of components as follows in descending order: ${\alpha}$-Pinene (39%, $0.28ng/m^3$), followed by ${\beta}$-Pinene (16%, $0.11ng/m^3$), D-Limonene (8%, $0.06ng/m^3$), camphor (6%, $0.04ng/m^3$), camphene (6%, $0.04ng/m^3$), and p-Cymene (5%, $0.04ng/m^3$). There were also 13 additional phytoncide components in trace amounts. The results of this study are expected to provide a useful dataset for building a "Healing-forest".

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.212-212
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• 2022

Soluble starch synthase (SS) IV-2 is one of the starch synthase gene family members and responsible for starch chain elongation interacting with other rice eating and cooking quality controlling genes (e.g., AGPlar and PUL). SSIV-2 is mainly expressed in leaves, especially at grain-filling stage and its alleles can significantly affect rice quality. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure analyses of SSIV-2 gene by using 374 rice accessions. This rice set was grouped into 320 cultivated bred (subsequently classified into temperate japonica, indica, tropical japonica, aus, aromatic and admixture) and 54 wild rice. Haplotyping of cultivated rice accessions provided a total of 7 haplotypes, and only three haplotypes are functional indicating four substituted SNPs in two exons of chromosome 5: T/A and G/T in exon 4, and C/G and G/A in exon 13. Including the wild, a highest diverse group (0.0041), nucleotide diversity analysis showed temperate japonica (0.0001) had a lowest diversity value indicating the origin information of this gene evolution. Higher and positive Tajima5s D value of indica (1.9755) indicate a selective signature under balancing selection while temperate japonica (-0.9018) was in lowest Tajima's D value due to a recent selective sweep by positive selection. We found the most diverse genetic components of the wild in PCA but shared in some portion with other cultivated groups. Fixation index (F_ST-values) and phylogenetic analysis indicate a closer relationship of the wild with indica (F_ST=0.256) than to its association to both of temperate japonica (F_ST=0.589). Structure analysis shows a clear separation of cultivated subpopulations at every K value, but genetic components were admixed within the wild illustrating the same genetic background with japonica and indica in some proportion.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2004

Sequences of the large subunit ribosomal (LSD) rDNA D1-D2 region of Alexandrium catenella(=A. sp. cf. catenella) and A. tamarense isolates, which were collected along the Korea coasts, were analyzed to understand their phylogenetic relationships and geographical distributions. All A. catenella and A. tamarense isolates belonged to the A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense complex and were grouped with the North American and temperate Asian ribotypes, respectively, regardless of the presence or absence of a ventral pore in the first apical plate. A consistent and peculiar characteristic that differentiated the Alexandrium isolates was amplification of a second PCR product with a lower molecular weight in addition to the predicted one; ten A. catenella isolates belonging to the temperate Asian ribotype yielded this additional PCR product. Sequence alignment revealed that the shorter PCR product resulted from an unusual large deletion of 87 bp in the LSD rDNA D1 domain. The North American and temperate Asian ribotypes were prevalent along the Korean coasts without geographical separation. Given the high genetic homogeneity among widely distributed Alexandrium populations, each ribotype appeared to be pandemic rather than to constitute a distinct regional population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.607-613
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• 1989

The validity of the hypothesis that between-breed differences of carcass composition in cattle can be reduced when compared at the same degree of maturity was assessed using carcass data of various breeds obtained from slaughter experiments in Denmark, Japan and Malaysia. All cattle were kept in intensive feeding conditions in this study. With respect to temperate data (Danish and Japanese data), although large between-breed differences were found in carcass composition in the comparison at the same slaughter weight, the differences were reduced when compared at the same degree of maturity. This result supported the above hypothesis. Kedah-Kelantan and their crosses in Malaysian data, however, had more muscle and bone contents but less fat content than temperate breeds, even if compared at the same degree of maturity. This could be attributed to the history that native Kedah-Kelantan breed has adapted itself in the direction of decreasing fat deposition which requires much energy and prevents heat evaporation, in order to survive under high temperature and high humiodity conditions in Malaysia. In spite of the same tropical breed, carcass composition of Sahiwal-Friesian was similar to that of other temperate breeds at the same degree of maturity.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2008

We investigated the leaf demography of a temperate woody liana, Akebia trifoliata, in a temperate forest in Japan, Akebia is semi-evergreen: some leaves are shed before winter, while others remain through the winter. Previous studies of semi-evergreen species found that variation in leaf life span was caused by variation in the timing of leaf emergence, Leaves that appeared just before winter over-wintered, while leaves appearing earlier were shed, However, it is unclear whether leaves of the same cohort (i.e., leaves that appear at the same time within a single site) show variation in life span under the effect of strong seasonality. To separate variation in life span among the leaves in each cohort from variation among cohorts, we propose a new method - the single leaf diagram, which shows the emergence and death of each leaf. Using single leaf diagrams, our study revealed that Akebia leaves within a cohort showed substantial variation in life span, with some over-wintering and some not. In addition, leaves on small ramets in the understory showed great variation in life span, while leaves on large ramets, which typically reach higher positions in the forest canopy, have shorter lives, As a result, small ramets were semi-evergreen, whereas large ramets were deciduous, The longer lives of leaves on small ramets can be interpreted as a shade-adaptive strategy in understory plants.