• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2015

The changes in the teleconnection associated with El Nin?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the East Asia and North Pacific under greenhouse warming are analyzed herein by comparing the Historical run (1970/1971~1999/2000) and the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 run with 31 climate models, participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). It is found that CMIP5 models have diverse systematic errors in simulating the ENSO teleconnection pattern from model to model. Therefore, we select 21 models based on the models' performance in simulating teleconnection pattern in the present climate. It is shown that CMIP5 models tend to project an overall weaker teleconnection pattern associated with ENSO over East Asia in the future climate than that in the present climate. It can be also noted that the cyclonic flow over the North Pacific is weakened and shifted eastward. However, uncertainties for the ENSO teleconnection changes still exist, suggesting that much consistent agreements on this future teleconnections associated with ENSO should be taken in a further study.

• 대기
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.295-309
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• 2019

Due to frequent occurrence of abnormal weather, the need to improve the accuracy of subseasonal prediction has increased. Here we analyze the performance of weekly predictions out to 6 weeks by GloSea5 climate model. The performance in circulation field from January 1991 to December 2010 is first analyzed at each grid point using the 500-hPa geopotential height. The anomaly correlation coefficient and mean-square skill score, calculated each week against the ECWMF ERA-Interim reanalysis data, illustrate better prediction skills regionally in the tropics and over the ocean and seasonally during winter. Secondly, we evaluate the predictability of 7 major teleconnection patterns in the Northern Hemisphere: North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), East Atlantic (EA), East Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR), Scandinavia (SCAND), Polar/Eurasia (PE), West Pacific (WP), Pacific-North American (PNA). Skillful predictability of the patterns turns out to be approximately 1~2 weeks. During summer, the EAWR and SCAND, which exhibit a wave pattern propagating over Eurasia, show a considerably lower skill than the other 5 patterns, while in winter, the WP and PNA, occurring in the Pacific region, maintain the skill up to 2 weeks. To account for the model's bias in reproducing the teleconnection patterns, we measure the similarity between the teleconnection patterns obtained in each lead time. In January, the model's teleconnection pattern remains similar until lead time 3, while a sharp decrease of similarity can be seen from lead time 2 in July.

• 대기
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.325-336
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• 2018

This study investigates robust features of interdecadal changes in the Northern hemisphere summer tropical-extratropical teleconnection occurred around the mid-to-late 1990s by analyzing four different reanalysis data for atmospheric circulation and temperature, two precipitation reconstructions, and two sea surface temperature (SST) data during the satellite observation era of 1980~2017. For the last 38 years, there has been a significant increasing trend in anticyclonic circulation at lower and upper troposphere and 2 m air temperature with wavenumber-5 Rossby wave structure in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropics. The increase has been accompanied with the significant weakening and northward shift of jet stream over Eurasia and the North Pacific. It is further found that there has been a significant interdecadal shift occurred around the mid-to-late 1990s in the two distinct modes of tropical-extratropical teleconnection: Western Pacific-North America (WPNA) and circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern. After mid-to-late 1990s, the WPNA has played more important role in modulating the extratropical atmospheric circulation and surface climate, which has been preferentially occurred during the El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) decaying or transition summer such as 1998, 2010 and 2016. During these summers, severe heat waves were occurred over many parts of the NH extratropics due to the combined effect of the increasing trend in the barotropic anticyclonic circulation and the significant WPNA across the NH. Although weakened, the CGT also contributed to some of hot summers over many parts of the NH extratropics such as 1999, 2000, 2008, 2011, and 2012 when weak to moderate La $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ was persisted.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.893-905
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• 2015

This study analyzes the correlation between Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern index (WPI) in April during 1954-2008 and rainfall amounts in the same month. Based on the results, it is identified that there have been strong positive correlations between central China, Korea and the southwestern part of Japan in the East Asian region. Through differences between 10 positive WP years and 10 negative WP years selected from the April WPI excluding ENSO years, it is found that rainfall amounts increase in April of positive WP years due to the following characteristics. Increases in rainfall amounts are evident in the East Asian middle latitudinal region where the positive correlation between the two variables is the highest and this is because anomalous southwesterlies are strengthened in the East Asian middle latitudinal region due to the spatial pattern of a south-low-north-high anomalous pressure system centered on this region that is made by anomalous anticyclones centered on the southeastern side of the region and other anomalous anticyclones centered on the northeastern side of the region. In addition, anomalous westerlies (jet) are strengthen in the upper troposphere of the East Asian middle latitudinal region and as a result, anomalous upward flows are strengthened in this region and thus anomalous warm air temperatures are formed in the entire level of the troposphere in the region. In addition to atmospheric environments, anomalous warm sea surface temperatures are formed in the seas in the East Asian middle latitudinal region to help the rainfall amount increases in the East Asian middle latitudinal region.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1371-1384
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• 2015

This study analyzes the characteristics of Western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) activity and large-scale environments according to the Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern in summer. In the positive WP phase, an anomalous cyclone and an anomalous anticyclone develop in the low and middle latitudes of the East Asia, respectively. As a result, southeasterlies are reinforced in the northeast area of the East Asia including Korea and Japan which facilitates the movement of TC to this area, whereas northwesterlies are reinforced in the southwest area of the East Asia including South China and Indochina Peninsula which blocks the movement of TC to this area. Due to the spatial distribution of this reinforced pressure system, TCs develop, move, and turn more to the northeast of WNP than those in the negative WP phase. Consequently, the characteristics of this TC activity in the positive WP phase are associated with the location of upper tropospheric jet further to the northeast. Meanwhile, TCs in the negative WP phase mainly move to the west from Philippines toward south China and Indochina Peninsula. Furthermore, due to the terrain effect caused by the high passage frequency of TCs in the mainland China, the intensity of TCs are weaker than those in the positive WP phase.

• 대기
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.627-637
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• 2019

Severe and long-lasting heat waves over Korea and many regions in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during the 2016 summer, have been attributed to global warming and atmospheric teleconnection coupled with tropical convective activities. Yet, what controls subseasonsal time scale of heat wave has not been well addressed. Here we show a critical role of two dominant boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) modes, denominated as BSISO1 and BSISO2, on modulating temporal structure of heat waves in the midst of similar climate background. The 2016 summer was characterized by La Nina development following decay of strong 2015/2016 El Nino. The NH circumglobal teleconnection pattern (CGT) and associated high temperature anomalies and heat waves were largely driven by convective activity over northwest India and Pakistan during summer associated with La Nina development. However, the heat wave event in Korea from late July to late August was accompanied by the phase 7~8 of 30~60-day BSISO1 characterized by convective activity over the South China Sea and Western North Pacific and anticyclonic circulation (AC) anomaly over East Asia. Although the 2010 summer had very similar climate anomalies as the 2016 summer with La Nina development and CGT, short-lasting but frequent heat waves were occurred during August associated with the phase 1~2 of 10~30-day BSISO2 characterized by convective activity over the Philippine and South China Sea and AC anomaly over East Asia. This study has an implication on importance of BSISO for better understanding mechanism and temporal structure of heat waves in Korea.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2013

이 연구는 북서태평양에서 여름철(7-9월) 동안 발생하는 태풍 빈도를 예측하기 위한 다중회귀모델을 4가지 원격패턴을 이용하여 개발하였다. 이 패턴은 4-5월 동안 동아시아 대륙에서의 시베리아 고기압 진동, 북태평양에서의 북태평양 진동, 호주근처의 남극진동, 적도 중앙태평양에서의 대기순환으로 대표된다. 이 통계모델은 이 모델로부터 예측된 높은 태풍발생빈도의 해와 낮은 태풍발생빈도의 해 사이에 차를 분석함으로써 검증되었다. 높은 태풍발생빈도의 해에는 다음과 같은 4가지의 아노말리 특성을 나타내었다: i) 동아시아 대륙에 고기압성 순환 아노말리(양의 시베리아 고기압진동), ii) 북태평양에 남저북고의 기압계 아노말리, iii) 호주 근처에 저기압성 순환 아노말리(양의 남극진동), iv) 봄부터 여름 동안 니뇨3.4 지역에 저기압성 순환 아노말리. 따라서 적도 서태평양에서 무역풍 아노말리는 양반구의 아열대 서태평양에 위치한 저기압성 순환 아노말리에 의해 약화되었다. 결국, 이러한 기압계 아노말리의 공간분포는 열대 서태평양에 대류를 억제하는 대신 아열대 서태평양에 대류를 강화시켰다.

• 대기
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.305-315
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 1995년부터 2014년의 20년기간 동안 우리나라 여름철 극한온도를 나타내기 위해서 일별 임계치를 가지는 TX90pD와 월별 임계치를 가지는 TX90pM을 정의하여 그 유사성을 살펴본 후 극한 온도가 나타나는 날들의 유형을 자기조직화지도를 이용해서 분류하였다. TX90pD와 TX90pM는 임계치를 정의하는 방법이 다름에도 불구하고 그 유사성이 아주 높았으며 자기조직화지도를 통한 유형분류에서 유사한 패턴이 나타났다. 4개로 분류한 군집에서 모두 우리나라에 높은 온도가 나타났으며 고기압성 순환아노말리가 우리나라를 덮고 있는 것을 보아 우리나라 여름철 극한온도의 주된 요인은 고기압성 순환 아노말리에 의한 강한 일사 때문인 것을 유추할 수 있다. 자기조직화지도를 통해서 4개의 군집으로 분류한 극한온도의 패턴을 분류한 결과 주요한 2개의 모드를 찾았으며 적도와 열대 해수면온도 아노말리의 영향을 받는 동아시아-태평양 패턴과 유사한 원격상관패턴과 중위도 영향을 받는 북대서양에서 시작하여 동쪽으로 이동하는 대기 순환장 패턴이 나타나며 합쳐서 약 85% 이상의 높은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 이 두 패턴과 관련된 해수면 온도 아노말리를 살펴 본 결과 첫번째로 동아시아-태평양 패턴과 유사한 원격상관 패턴은 봄철 북서태평양에서의 양의 해수면 온도 아노말리와 관련이 있다. 이 따뜻한 해수면 온도 아노말리에 의해 저기압성 순환이 생성되고 대기-해양 상호작용에 의해서 저기압성 순환 아노말리는 강수 아노말리를 만들면서 유지된다(Xie and Philander, 1995; Wang et al., 2000). 이 때 발생하는 강수 아노말리는 비단열 가열항으로 작용하여 자오선방향으로 전파하는 로스비파를 만들어서 우리나라에 고기압성 순환아노말리를 형성한다. 두번째로 중위도 원격상관 패턴은 봄철 북대서양에서의 양의 해수면 온도 아노말리패턴과 관련이 있다. 봄철 북대서양의 해수면 온도 아노말리는 동쪽으로 전파하는 로스비파의 에너지원으로 작용하여 동아시아 여름 몬순에 영향을 준다(Wu et al., 2009). 이 로스비파의 전파에 의해서 한반도에 단파 복사의 지속적인 유입을 동반하는 고기압성 순환이 형성되어 우리나라의 지표면 온도를 높이는 것에 기여함과 동시에 극한온도의 발생 빈도를 증가시킨다. 이 연구를 통해서 자기조직화지도를 통해서 한반도 여름철 극한온도를 대표하는 두 개의 중요 원격상관 패턴을 분류했다. 이 두 SOM 패턴과 관련된 봄철 북서태평양의 양의 해수면 온도 아노말리와 북대서양의 해수면 온도 아노말리를 지면 강제력으로 규명하여 여름철 우리나라 극한온도의 발생을 예측할 수 있는 잠재적 예측인자를 발견했다. 이 두 지역의 봄철 해수면 온도 아노말리의 지속적인 모니터링을 통해서 우리나라 여름철 극한온도의 발생 빈도를 어느 정도 예측할 수 있으며 특히 6월에 큰 발생 빈도를 나타내는 북대서양해수면 온도를 통해서 초여름의 극한온도 발생 빈도를, 7월과 8월에 더 큰 분포를 가지는 북서태평양의 해수면 온도를 통해서 늦여름의 극한기온 발생 빈도를 알아낼 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대기
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

Recently, several studies pointed out that there are distinct two types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o events based on the spatial pattern of SST. Since the two types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o have different impacts on global climate, it is quite important to identify the type to assess and predict the regional climate variability. So far, however, there are still many different definitions to identify the two types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o from the different studies. In this study, we investigated a sensitivity of the impacts on climate variability over the Korean Peninsula corresponding to the definition of two-types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o. After checking pre-existing definitions and other possible definition, it is suggested here that two different definitions exhibit relatively strong relationship between El Ni$\tilde{n}$o events and the Korean climate variables when two types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o are separated. In addition to the Korean climate, the two types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o show quite distinct global teleconnection patterns when the definitions are used.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.38-38
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• 2012

The East Asia (EA) region including China, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea are especially vulnerable to hydrometerological extremes during the boreal summer (June-September). This study, therefore, pursued an exploratory analysis to improve better understanding of the potential impacts of the two types of PJ patterns on WNP Tropical cyclone (TC) activities and TC-induced extreme moisture fluxes over Korea's five major river basins. This study shows that during positive PJ years, the large-scale atmospheric environments are more favorable for the TC activities than those in negative PJ years. During positive PJ year, it is found that there are weaker wind shear, stronger rising motion, as well as large relative humidity over the Korean peninsula (KP) compared to negative PJ years. As a result, TCs making landfall are more exhibited over the southeastern portions of South Korea. Despite the relatively modest sample size, we expect that insights and results presented here will be useful for developing a critical support system for the effective reduction and mitigation of TC-caused disasters, as well as for water supply management in coupled human and natural systems.