• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2353-2359
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• 2011

The request of Green-IT technology and recommend of computer hardware resource are increasing explosively. So, necessity of Cloud computing is increasing rapidly. Berkeley Univ. announced teens constituent that threat Cloud computing in 2009 and problem for user authentication should be solved as is urgentest among them. So, We wish to propose effective user authentication protocol in Cloud computing environment. Secure safety for user quotation through Kerberos's ticket issue that is existent representative user authentication techniques, and defined authentication procedure of two steps that flow user authentication and service authentication through PKI's. Is uncomplicated structurally more than efficiency for certification protocol and examination result about safety, existent PKI that propose and simplify achievement procedure and system configuration more than Kerberos and reduced response time.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.181-200
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• 2011

This study purposed to evaluate a youth reading promotion program that is designed and operated by the National Library for Children & Young Adults. The study specifically assessed the '1318 Bookworm Program' by conducting an in-depth survey and a focus group interview for school librarians who had participated in the program between 2007 and 2010. According to the study findings, the program participants were highly satisfied with the program outcomes. The librarians believed that the program brought positive effects on the cognitive, emotional, and social developments of the participated teens. Among the 1318 program operation process, namely designing, planning, and implementation, both planning and implementation processes were the determining factors for the outcome satisfaction. Finally, study participants expressed the needs for increasing the number of the certified professional school librarians active in the field, expanded organization structure, and further research on youth reading promotion programs in order to facilitate the program support and to enhance its efficiency. They also suggested diversified program contents development and the dissemination of manuals for youth reading promotion programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1590-1600
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• 2009

This study investigates the fashion lifestyles and the effect on clothing purchase behavior by female consumers living in Mumbai India. Data were collected from 129 Indian women in their teens to thirties living in Mumbai and were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, ${\chi}^2$-test, frequency analysis using SPSS 12.0. The results of this study are as follows. Five factors of fashion lifestyle are identified: fashion consciousness, price orientation, advertisement/brand orientation, being aware of others, and tradition orientation. Female consumers were classified into four groups based on fashion lifestyle factors: display/brand oriented group, active profit seeking group, fashion oriented group, and a tradition oriented group. There were significant differences among the fashion lifestyle groups on five criteria (latest fashion, price, commonality with existing clothing, size, and the distance to the store) out of the 13 criteria. The display/brand oriented group showed high scores on the latest fashion and size. The active profit-seeking group generally showed high scores on all five factors. The fashion oriented group showed high scores on latest fashion and commonality with existing clothing when buying clothes. Finally, the tradition oriented group showed high scores only on the distance to the shop, while they (the tradition oriented group) showed low scores on the other criteria. The examination on the actual conditions of clothing purchase among fashion lifestyle groups showed that only the monthly expenditure for clothing is significantly different. The display/brand oriented group and active profit seeking group spent more on clothing than the other two groups.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.243-247
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• 1998

This study was researched the external ocular structure on the korean young age. The results was as follows; 1. On the distance of innercanthus, the average length was 38-40 mm. In the twenties age, the male was longer then the female. 2. On the length of palpebral fissure, the average length was 35-37 mm and right and left eye was similar results. But, the male was longer than the female. 3. On the width of palpebral fissure, the average width was 7-8mm and the male and female was similar results. 4. At the near distance, the average PD was 29-33 mm, but in the twenty age, the left eye of male was longer than the right eye. On the other hand, In the female, the results was reverse. 5. At the distance, the average PD was 31-32 mm, But, In the teens, the male and female was similar results. On the other hand, In the twenties age, the male was longer than the female.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2001

Background & Objectives : Fractal Dimension(FD) could be an index of correlation between variable parameters in non-linear chaotic signals. We tried to demonstrate that EEG wave is compatible with chaotic waves by measuring the Lyapunov exponent index and compared the difference of FD between variable age groups(teens, 30's, 50's) Methods : We estimated the Lyapunov exponent index and the FD from digital EEG data among five persons in each normal age groups by using the software which is programmed in our laboratory. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS win 8.0. The statistical differences of Lyapunov exponent index and FD between each electrodes and each age groups were done with ANOVA and paired sample t-test. Result : The Lyapunov exponent indexes were larger than 1 in each electrode and age group. There is no statistical difference in FD between each electrodes and each age groups. Except in 30th age group. In this group the FD of right hemisphere is larger than that of left hemisphere. Conclusion : The result of Lyapunov exponent index means EEG wave is a non-linear chaotic signal. And the results of FD suggest that chaotic parameters of right hemisphere is larger than those of left hemisphere at rest at least in younger people. We think that chaotic parameters can be a useful tool in investigating the variable diseases or brain states.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.559-568
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intakes and perceptions of convenient breakfast related to age and family type. The survey included 545 men and women living in Seoul from June to July. Questionnaire items covered their age, gender, family types, breakfast intakes and preference for convenient breakfast menu. As a result, there were significant differences in the number of breakfast intakes per week according to family types; large families recorded the highest frequency in "I have breakfast everyday" and the couple-only families and nuclear families scored relatively high numbers. In terms of the type of breakfast, the first choice was "rice and side dishes" across all the age groups (69.3%). There were differences in the preference of convenient breakfast in "bread", "cereal", "rice cake", "sunsik", and "rice gruel" by different age. The teens exhibited the highest preference of bread (5.63), and cereal (5.53) for breakfast; those who were in their fifties for rice cake (5.42). Both forties and fifties showed the higher preference of sunsik (4.58, 4.76) and rice gruel (5.89, 5.77) than other age groups. As for the preference for convenient breakfast according to family types, single person families displayed the highest preference of bread (5.42) and cereal (5.75). Couple families showed higher preference of rice gruel (5.82) than other family groups. The preference level for "rice cake" was similar among all the family types. As a result, it is suggested that the development of various breakfast menus considering age groups and family types is needed so that modern people can enjoy breakfast in terms of quality and quantity in their busy daily life.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.251-260
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of people in general about orthodontic treatment and their attitude to that by conducting a survey in a bid to provide information on the improvement of their incorrect awareness of orthodontics and on the development of clinical orthodontic treatment. Methods and Results : The subjects in this study were 389 people in general who resided in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. A self-administered survey was conducted, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for awareness of orthodontic treatment among the people in general by gender, the women knew better about orthodontic treatment than the men, and the gender gap was significant(p<0.05). 2. Concerning satisfaction with the shape and arrangement of the teeth by age, those who were in their 20s were most satisfied, and the teens were satisfied the least. There were significant gaps according to age (p<0.05). 3. As a result of checking the degree of their inconvenience about the use of chewing teeth by age, the people who were in their 30s felt the most inconvenience, and the gap between them and the others was significant(p<0.01). 4. As a result of asking them whether they had an intention to receive orthodontic treatment, the women had a more intention to do that than the men(p<0.001). By age, the younger respondents had a more intention, and the gaps between them and the others were significant(p<0.001). 5. As a result of analyzing their perception of the positives of orthodontics by gender, the women took a more positive view of it than the men, and their gap was significant(p<0.01). Conclusions : When orthodontic treatment or orthodontic treatment counseling is provided to orthodontic treatment patients or people in general in the field of clinical dentistry, it should be noted that the way patients and people in general look at orthodontic treatment is different according to their age and gender, and they should be informed of the positives of orthodontic treatment to step up the development of orthodontic treatment.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find possible solutions to the aged-related problem that is emerging as one of serious social issues in Korea by investigating the images young people have toward the aged. The questionnaire-based survey for this study was conducted with 643 middle school students representing teens and 523 undergraduates representing young people in the twenties, who were 592 from Daegu and 574 from Gwangju. It was carried out from December 2000 to March 2001. The data were analyzed in frequency(N), percentage(%), mean(M) and standard deviation(SD) through the SPSSWIN 10.0 program, $x^2-test$ and reliability test. The findings are summarized as follows. 52.5% of respondents reported that they had the experience in living together with their grandparents, while the number of respondents currently living together with their parents just accounted for 17.6%. In the question about the sense of value for family life, it was shown that the traditional idea that an eldest son or other son has the duty of supporting parents was positively changed to one that any of sons or daughters may support parents. The entire image toward the aged appeared to be positive with the mean value of 3.62. Things associated with the aged were the respect-for-aged house and a stick in that order. The images young people perceive towards the aged were largely divided into the 13 items image including the community centers for the aged.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 1999

This study involves the research about relationship between visual charts and illumination. The subjects were both males and females in their teens and twenties. The examination instrument used was a B-VAT II BVS(Mentol) which was produced in the USA, and the illumination used was a low illumination of 100LUX and a high illumination of 1500LUX in the clinical examination room. The results were as follows: 1. Different types of illumination resulted in similar values of visual acuity. 2. In the male teen subjects, the Snellen visual acuity was better than the numerical visual acuity when using low illumination. But the Landolt visual acuity presented similar results when using both low and high illumination. 3. In male subjects in their twenties, the Numerical visual acuity was better than the Landolt and Snellen visual acuity under low illumination. 4. In the female teen subjects, The Snellen visual acuity was better than the Landolt and Numerical visual acuity under low illumination. 5. In the female subjects in their twenties, The Snellen, Landolt and numerical visual acuities were high under low illumination. 6. Different types of illumination resulted in 0.3 or 0.4 variation of visual acuity. 7. The males and females was similar to the visual acuity.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2001

The neurofibromatosis (NF) are a set of genetic disorders which cause tumors to grow along various types of nerves and, in addition, can affect the development of non-nervous tissues such as bones and skin. NF causes tumors to grow anywhere on or in the body. It also leads to developmental abnormalities. For example, individuals with NF have a higher incidence of learning disabilities. Neurofibromatosis(NF) has been classified into two distinct types: NF-I and NF-II. neurofibromatosis 1(NF-I), also known as von Recklinghausen NF or Peripheral NF, occurring in 1:4,000 births, is characterized by multiple cafe-au-lait spots and neurofibromas on or under the skin. Enlargement and deformation of bones and curvature of the spine (scoliosis) may also occur. Occasionally, tumors may develop in the brain, on cranial nerves, or on the spinal cord. About 50% of people with NF also have learning disabilities. Neurofibromatosis 2(NF-II), also known as Bilateral Acoustic NF(BAN), is much rarer occurring in 1:50,000 births. NF-II is characterized by multiple tumors on the cranial and spinal nerves, and by other lesions of the brain and spinal cord. Tumors affecting both of the auditory nerves are the hallmark. Hearing loss beginning in the teens or early twenties is generally the first symptom. We reported a 10-year-old female patient with NF-I, she has pain and edema in left leg, no symptoms of NF.