• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.235-240
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• 2006

The paper will give an overview of the mission of GalTeC and then concentrate on two main aspects. The first more detailed aspect, is the analysis of the key performance parameters for the Galileo system services and presenting a technical overview of methods and algorithms used. The second more detailed aspect, is the service volume prediction including service dimensioning using the Prediction tool. In order to monitor and validate the Galileo SIS performance for Open Service (OS) and Safety Of Life services (SOL) regarding the key performance parameters, different analyses in the SIS domain and User domain are considered. In the SIS domain, the validation of Signal-in-Space Accuracy SISA and Signal-in-Space Monitoring Accuracy SISMA is performed. For this purpose first of all an independent OD&TS and Integrity determination and processing software is developed to generate the key reference performance parameters named as SISRE (Signal In Space Reference Errors) and related over-bounding statistical information SISRA (Signal In Space Reference Accuracy) based on raw measurements from independent sites (e.g. IGS), Galileo Ground Sensor Stations (GSS) or an own regional monitoring network. Secondly, the differences of orbits and satellite clock corrections between Galileo broadcast ephemeris and the precise reference ephemeris generated by GalTeC will also be compared to check the SIS accuracy. Thirdly, in the user domain, SIS based navigation solution PVT on reference sites using Galileo broadcast ephemeris and the precise ephemeris generated by GalTeC are also used to check key performance parameters. In order to demonstrate the GalTeC performance and the methods mentioned above, the paper presents an initial test result using GPS raw data and GPS broadcast ephemeris. In the tests, some Galileo typical performance parameters are used for GPS system. For example, the maximum URA for one day for one GPS satellite from GPS broadcast ephemeris is used as substitution of SISA to check GPS ephemeris accuracy. Using GalTeC OD&TS and GPS raw data from IGS reference sites, a 10 cm-level of precise orbit determination can be reached. Based on these precise GPS orbits from GalTeC, monitoring and validation of GPS performance can be achieved with a high confidence level. It can be concluded that one of the GalTeC missions is to provide the capability to assess Galileo and general GNSS performance and prediction methods based on a regional and global monitoring networks. Some capability, of which first results are shown in the paper, will be demonstrated further during the planned Galileo IOV phase, the Full Galileo constellation phase and for the different services particularly the Open Services and the Safety Of Life services based on the Galileo Integrity concept.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제8권
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• pp.97-126
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• 1981

The professional duties of librarians and other information workers involve a generalized body of both theoretical and practical knowledge (the so-called, 'common core') which is a n.0, pplicable worldwide without regard to national boundaries, levels of economic and technical development or cultural context. The current study is an attempt to validate and su n.0, pport this common core concept through a detailed examination of its important role in the sound development of library and information science both as a learned subject and as a profession. Following an initial overview of generally agreed upon core areas in the education and training of librarians and information specialists, with particular attention to the manifold social changes rapidly being effected by computers and communication technology, the focus shifts to the proliferation of academic homes for information science education and its implications for core areas in information science. Of note here is the relationship between information science as a broadly accepted social science discipline and the evolving core curriculum in library schools. To this regard the fact that the popularization of computers and communication technology is increasingly blurring the once-sharp differences between traditional librarians and information specialists naturally favors common core concept. Major figures in library and information science education such as Shera, Saracevic and Foskette su n.0, pport this concept and have already identified its theoretical infrastructure. Finally, UNESCO and IFLA are also stressing the common core cure curriculum for library and information science both as guidelines for the Third World and as a means to achieve universally accepted academic standards. In conclusion, the search for a comprehensive common core curriculum in library and information science education is still in the elementary stages. The task of identifying the components of this common core is among the most crucial responsibilities facing today's educators and professionals for the successful elaboration of a common core would enable us to attain three highly desirable professional goals: 1) To determine the basic concepts and principles of library and information science. 2) To serve as the base for further professional education and specialized research. 3) To offer enhanced o n.0, pportunities for integrated library and information science education programs by providing a genuine two-way communication channel between the library and information science professions.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2018

최근의 VR 기술을 애니메이션 영역에 적용하는 것은 필연적인 추세로 보여진다. 이러한 VR 기술을 기존의 수묵애니메이션에 활용하면 평면적인 예술 작품이 새로운 서사방식과 시청각 언어를 갖추어 새로운 애니메이션 장르로 갖추게 될 것으로 보인다. 하지만 새로 개발하는 것이 아닌 기존의 평면적인 수묵 이미지를 360도 화면에 배치하기 위해서는 기술적으로 많은 어려움이 존재하는데 기존에 제작된 수묵 애니메이션의 배경 수묵 이미지에서 거리의 깊이에 따른 레이어 추출과 360도 공간에 이들을 깊이에 따른 곡면에 배치를 통해 VR 공간에 깊이감을 부여하는 VR수묵 애니메이션을 제작해 보려하였다. 본문에서는 기존의 수묵화 이미지에서 원경, 근경, 중경 레이어를 추출하는 과정에서 발생하는 문제점을 살펴보고 이를 해결하기 위한 접근 방법들을 찾아보고 제시해보려 하였다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2002

정부와 공공업무에 사용되는 정보의 대부분은 지리정보와 직간접적으로 관련 있으며 따라서, 효율적인 지리정보의 활용과 신뢰성 있는 정보서비스제공을 위해 체계적인 표준의 개발이 가장 근본적이며 시급한 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 우리 나라에서도 1995년 이후 추진해 온 국가지리정보체계 구축사업의 일환으로 표준화부분을 수행하고 있으며, 다양한 표준과 지침이 개발되고 있다. 그러나, 단위사업의 필요에 의한 표준개발과 일관된 표준개발 체계의 부재로 인해 상호호환성과 재사용 등을 통한 중복투자 방지의 근본적인 목적달성이 충분히 반영되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 국제표준화기구인 ISO(International Organization for Standardization)를 기반으로 하여 캐나다 등에서 이미 추진중인 프로파일(profile)을 통한 선진 외국의 표준화 상황을 분석하고, 국가표준개발과정에 적용하기 위한 구체적인 방법을 제시한다. 이러한 표준화 메카니즘을 도입함으로서 국제표준 및 범용표준에 기반 한 국가표준개발 체계를 확립할 수 있으며, 다양한 표준들을 일관된 체계 하에서 개발하여 궁극적으로는 지리정보 및 서비스에 대한 접근과 상호 운용성을 극대화할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.233-244
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• 2015

생태계기반 관리를 위해서는 정책적 활용도가 높은 생태모델이 개발되어야 한다. 이러한 생태모델이 개발되기 위해서는 복잡한 생태적 과정에 대한 면밀한 이해가 우선되어야 하며, 생태학자, 모델개발자, 이해당사자 그리고 관리자 사이의 원활한 의사소통이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 해양생태모델의 이론적 배경, 미국과 유럽의 생태모델의 최근 기술동향, 그리고 새만금 및 금강 하구역을 대상으로 우리나라 환경현안을 다루기 위한 생태모델 개발방향을 제시하였다. 기술동향에서 소개된 내용은 역학모델 중심의 생태순환모델과 통계모델이며 이들의 정책 활용 잠재성을 토의하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2013

There is still a considerable burden of occupational diseases and injuries in the world. It is not well known which interventions can effectively reduce the exposures at work that cause this burden. The objective of this article is to summarize evidence from systematic reviews of interventions to prevent occupational diseases and injuries. We included systematic reviews of interventions to reduce the incidence of work-related cancer, dust-related diseases, occupational asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, noise induced hearing loss, back pain, and occupational injuries. We searched Medline and Embase with predefined search strategies to locate systematic reviews of these interventions. We found 23 systematic reviews of which the results are also applicable to low- and middle income countries. Effective measures to reduce exposure leading to work-related cancer, dust-related diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, noise, and injuries are available. However, better implementation of these measures is needed. Regulation, enforcement of regulation, and incentives for employers are effective interventions to achieve this goal. There is evidence that feedback and rewards for workers help in reducing occupational injuries. There is no evidence in many studies that back pain can be prevented. Personal protective equipment technically has the potential to reduce exposure but this is difficult to put into effect. There is no evidence in the studies regarding the effectiveness of education and training, preventive drugs, or health examinations. There is evidence that the implementation of technical measures enforced by regulation can prevent occupational diseases and injuries. For other interventions such as education or health examinations, there is no evidence that supports their effectiveness. More systematic reviews are needed in the area of injury prevention.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.434-442
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• 2014

Serious environmental problems have been caused by the greenhouse effect due to carbon dioxide($CO_2$) or nitrogen oxides($NO_x$) generated by the use of fossil fuels, including oil and liquefied natural gas. Many countries, including our own, the United States, those of the European Union and other developed countries around the world; have shown growing interest in clean energy, and have been concentrating on the development of new energy-saving materials and devices. Typical non-fossil-fuel sources include solar cells, wind power, tidal power, nuclear power, and fuel cells. In particular, organic solar cells(OSCs) have relatively low power-conversion efficiency(PCE) in comparison with inorganic(silicon) based solar cells, compound semiconductor solar cells and the CIGS [$Cu(In_{1-x}Ga_x)Se_2$] thin film solar cells. Recently, organic cell efficiencies greater than 10 % have been obtained by means of the development of new organic semiconducting materials, which feature improvements in crystalline properties, as well as in the quantum-dot nano-structure of the active layers. In this paper, a brief overview of solar cells in general is presented. In particular, the current development status of the next-generation OSCs including their operation principle, device-manufacturing processes, and improvements in the PCE are described.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

통신분야에서 사용주파수대역의 증가, 제품의 소형화 및 가격경쟁력등의 요구에 따라 RF 소자의 패키징 기술도 플라스틱 패키지 대신에 flip chip interconnection, MCM(multichip module)등과 같은 고밀도 실장기술이 발전해가고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문은 최근 수년간 보고된 응용사례를 중심으로 RF flip chip의 기술적인 개발방향과 장점들을 분석하였고, RF 소자 및 시스템의 개발단계에 따른 적합한 적용기술을 제시하였다. RF flip chip의 기술동향을 요약하면, 1) RF chip배선은 microstrip 대신에 CPW 구조을 선택하며, 2) wafer back-side grinding을 하지 않아서 제조공정이 단순하고 wafer 파손이 적어 제조비용을 낮출 수 있고, 3) wire bonding 패키징에 비해 전기적인 특성이 우수하고 고집적의 송수신 모듈개발에 적합하다는 것이다. 그러나, CPW 배선구조의 RF flip chip 특성에 대한 충분한 연구가 필요하며 RF flip chip의 초기 개발 단계에서 flip chip interconnection 방법으로는 Au stud bump bonding이 적합할 것으로 제안한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.125-140
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• 2013

This paper aims to give an overview of the methods to inherently prevent human errors and to effectively mitigate the consequences of such errors by securing defense-in-depth during plant management through the advanced man-machine interface system (MMIS). It is needless to stress the significance of human error reduction during an accident in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Unexpected shutdowns caused by human errors not only threaten nuclear safety but also make public acceptance of nuclear power extremely lower. We have to recognize there must be the possibility of human errors occurring since humans are not essentially perfect particularly under stressful conditions. However, we have the opportunity to improve such a situation through advanced information and communication technologies on the basis of lessons learned from our experiences. As important lessons, authors explained key issues associated with automation, man-machine interface, operator support systems, and procedures. Upon this investigation, we outlined the concept and technical factors to develop advanced automation, operation and maintenance support systems, and computer-based procedures using wired/wireless technology. It should be noted that the ultimate responsibility of nuclear safety obviously belongs to humans not to machines. Therefore, safety culture including education and training, which is a kind of organizational factor, should be emphasized as well. In regard to safety culture for human error reduction, several issues that we are facing these days were described. We expect the ideas of the advanced MMIS proposed in this paper to lead in the future direction of related researches and finally supplement the safety of NPPs.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.559-573
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• 2020

The purpose of this study analyzed the overview of corrugated cardboasrd manufacturing industry and then provide direction for improvement. The BREF (BAT reference document) is an important reference for licensees and officer, including the best available techniques for the industry and achievable environmental performance, technical characteristics, and economic information. In the corrugated cardboard manufacturing process, wastewater pollutants are generated throughout the production process, and water is used in the dissociation and aging process. Atmospheric emissions are mostly generated by steam production from boilers and incinerators for the dry process. SO₂, NOx, CO₂, CO, HCl, dust, VOC, and odor were common. In the EU-BREF (European union BAT reference documents) BAT for wastewater have taken up a relatively large proportion. Items of water pollutants in wastewater were common in COD, BOD, N, P, SS, and however EU-BREF had different pollutants such as AOX and salt compared to K-BREF. In order to improve the quality of the K-BREF, it is necessary to devise basic data research method and data acqusitiom method. Consideration should be given to additional environmental management techniques that reflect the emissions characteristics of the corrugated cardboard manufacturing process. In addition, further research is needed to develop methodologies for selecting BATs considering environmental and economic feasibility.