• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.11 no.3 s.26
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• pp.40-55
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of customers' repurchase intention, extract important factors, systematically analyze them and suggest the direction of bakery industry through studying the customers' satisfaction with bakeries. The researcher modified the questionnaire developed by Park, CH(1998), Lee, JH(2000), Yoon, YC(2000), and Kim SE(2002). In order to assess the level of customers' satisfaction with bakeries, a five point Likert scale was used. The used statistical methods for the data analysis were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, t-test factor analysis, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis. For all analyses of the research question, an alpha level of.05 was used. The major findings obtained from this study were as fellows. First on the factors of reliability and service ability, there was a high difference between males and females, and singles and the married. Second, on the factors of accessibility using convenience, service ability, and service response, there was a high difference among using frequence. Third, on the reliability factors, there was a high difference among average using amount per month. Forth, on the factors of accessibility using convenience, and service response, there was a high difference among types of customers' residing styles. Fifth, on the factors of income level, there was statistically no difference. Lastly, on the factors of accessibility using convenience, tangibleness, and service response, these factors significantly influenced customers' repurchase intention.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.429-446
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• 2009

Three-scale homogenization procedure is proposed in this paper to provide estimates of the effective thermal conductivities of porous carbon-carbon textile composites. On each scale - the level of fiber tow (micro-scale), the level of yarns (meso-scale) and the level of laminate (macro-scale) - a two step homogenization procedure based on the Mori-Tanaka averaging scheme is adopted. This involves evaluation of the effective properties first in the absence of pores. In the next step, an ellipsoidal pore is introduced into a new, generally orthotropic, matrix to make provision for the presence of crimp voids and transverse and delamination cracks resulting from the thermal transformation of a polymeric precursor into the carbon matrix. Other sources of imperfections also attributed to the manufacturing processes, including non-uniform texture of the reinforcements, are taken into consideration through the histograms of inclination angles measured along the fiber tow path together with a particular shape of the equivalent ellipsoidal inclusion proposed already in Sko ek (1998). The analysis shows that a reasonable agreement of the numerical predictions with experimental measurements can be achieved.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.61-68
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• 2014

The energy efficiency of papermaking process becomes more significant because of various new regulation of the energy consumption and the green house gas emission. In this study, the effects of wood powder addition on the drainage and the drying efficiency of the OCC based paper products, linerboard, were deeply investigated for improving energy efficiency. The fractionation of wood powder depending on the size were conducted. The bigger size of wood powder resulted in the higher bulk and the higher drainage efficiency, but the lower paper strength. The drying efficiency were in detail evaluated depending on the drying process level. In the first section of drying process until the 80% solid level, there were no significant changes in the drying efficiency by the addition of wood powder. However, after the 80 % solid level, the drying efficiency was greatly improved by the addition of wood powder. Those results showed the addition of wood powder could greatly affect not only the drainage in forming and wet pressing but also the drying process.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2018

This study analyzes the management performance of environmentally-friendly rice farms using GCM method based on the multifaceted approach. This approach compares the management performance of GCM farms before and after the introduction of GCM, as well as the performance of GCM farms with the performance of conventional farms. It also compares the technical and managerial competence level of surveyed GCM farms with that of conventional farms based on the standard diagnosis table developed by Rural Development Adminstration. Results showed that average income has increased after the introduction of the GCM method and the average income of GCM farms was higher than that of conventional farms, while the level of rice production in farms using GCM method was lower than that of conventional farms. In addition, the technical and managerial competence score of surveyed farms using GCM method was higher than that of conventional farms. These results implies that the higher management performance of GCM farms compared to the conventional farms is attributed to not only the GCM method but also the competence level of farms using GCM method.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.535-546
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• 2020

The stress environment of deep rock masses is complex. Under the action of earthquakes or blasting, the strength and stability of anchored rock masses in fracture zones or faults are affected. To explore the variation in anchored rock masses under creep-fatigue loading, shear creep comparative testing of anchored marble specimens with or without fatigue loading is performed. Considering the damage variable of rock under fatigue loading, a rheological model is established to characterize the whole shear creep process of anchored rock masses under creep-fatigue loading. The results show that (1) the overall deformation of marble under creep-fatigue loading is larger than that under only shear creep loading, and the average deformation is increased by 18.3%. (2) By comparing the creep curves with and without fatigue loading, the two curves basically coincide when the first level stress is applied, and the two curves are stable with the increase in stress level. The results show that the strain difference among the specimens increases gradually in the steady-state stage and reaches the maximum at the fourth level. (3) The shear creep is described by considering the creep mechanical properties of anchored rock masses under fatigue loading. The accuracy of this creep-fatigue model is verified by laboratory tests, and the applicability of the model is illustrated by the fitting parameter R2. The proposed model provides a theoretical basis for the study of anchored rock masses under low-frequency earthquakes or blasting and new methods for the stability and reinforcement of rock masses.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.367-385
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• 2021

This study examined changes in the energy landscape, focusing on the photovoltaic module carbon certification system. As the global photovoltaic market has been reorganized around Chinese companies, the South Korean government has pushed to strengthen the competitiveness of the nation's photovoltaic industry. However, a limitation remains in that the government-led effort was not sufficient to bring about dynamic changes in the energy landscape. Against this backdrop, this study explored the stages leading to the multi-level perspectives of "macro-environment, socio-technical regime, and niche" to track the process of the government and domestic photovoltaic companies as part of a socio-technical regime responding to global market changes. In particular, this study raised an issue with the conceptual discussion of multi-level perspective, which placed a particular emphasis on the rate of change at each level and the niche in which innovative experiments take place, and thus attempted to fill this gap by tracking the energy landscape that varies differently from space. These spatial discussions can track different carbon emissions coefficients and industrial characteristics for each country, and have a higher level of explanatory power for the system thus constructed. In addition, through discussions on the problems and implications of the government-led introduction of renewable energy policies, this study suggests the need to create and implement a field-oriented system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.183-190
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• 2011

The paper is to analyze multi-attributes for expanding new renewable energy in agricultural sectors which have environmental, technical, economic, and social factors consisting of 15 attributes which have both positive and negative impacts. We applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to data from opinion polls. As a result of the AHP survey, the overall results indicate that the respondents more weight on economical factor than environmental, technical, and social factors for expanding new renewable energy. At the lowest level, a comparison of individual 15 attributes within three factors shows that fixed cost highest in multi-attributes, followed by operating cost, technical superiority. To achieve the public acceptance about expanding new renewable energy in agricultural sectors, the policy-makers should take all relevant factors into account through the decision-making process by the public opinions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2010

This study aims to investigate and improve the present state of technical standard on building mechanical system in Korea. At this point be tormented the energy depletions are big problem on the rise. Building mechanical system is configured air conditioning, sanitation, urban equipment. In the design of equipment, installation, maintenance, applies to all devices in the field of industrial equipment and general engineering equipment field are within bounds to say that all of the equipment field. However, domestic technology level is still fly short of international standards in architecture, we spent much energy. Because of this, find the current situation and identify the problems look up ways to improve them.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.463-464
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• 2009

This paper describes the political and technical trends of foreign 10 countries advanced in solar energy field. In the trend analysis, a couple of statistical data and related references were compared. As a result, all of the advanced countries mentioned in this paper have their own PV policy strategies and regulatory frameworks to strengthen their stable market structures and have financially supported by various types of incentives and tariff systems. It was confirmed that the political basis and technical regulations including electrical safety have to be prepared as soon as possible at both national and rural level in this country.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.113-121
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• 2008

This paper proposes a scheme to estimate the technical efficiency of energy consumption and production and shadow prices of $CO_2$ emission in country-level at Asia Pacific countries by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The result of technical efficiency estimation shows that there exists an heterogeneity and a substantial opportunity for improvement in technical efficiency at energy consumption and production across countries, specially in the $CO_2$ emission, which implies that more pollutant are spread in air. Each country will have the different willingness to pay for the additional $CO_2$ emission right and this result enables us to predict the competition in international $CO_2$ emission right market.