• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.129-155
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• 2000

This empirical study, activity-based costing, a newly introduced approach that has proved to be an improvement over the conventional costing system in product or service costing, is applied at department of clinical pathology in K university hospital. The study subjects were 233 test procedures done in clinical laboratory of K university hospital. Activity analysis was done by interview, questionnaires, and time study, and the amount of resources consumed by each activity and their costs are then traced and applied to the laboratory tests. The main purpose of this study were to compare the test costs of activity-bases costing with those of conventional costing, and test fees of medical insurance, and to provide accurate cost informations for the decision makers of hospital. The major findings of this study were as belows. 1. The cost drivers for application of activity-based costing at clinical laboratory were cases of sample collection, case of specimen, cases of test, and volume-related allocation bases such as direct labor hours and total revenue of each test. 2. The profits of each clinical laboratory fields analyzed by conventional costing were different from the profits analyzed by activity-based costing, especially in the field of Urinalysis(approximately over estimated 750%). 3. The standard full costs by conventional costing were quite different from the costs computed by using activity-based costing, and the difference is most significant with the tests of long labor time. 4. From the comparison between costs computed by using activity-based costing and medical insurance fees, some test fees were significantly lower than the costs, especially in the non-automated fields. As described in this study, activity-based costing provides more accurate cost information than does conventional costing system. The former approach is especially important in the health care industry including hospitals in which planning and controlling the costs services provided are the key to maintaining a healthy financial status for the organization. Despite the contribution of activity-based costing the economic as well as technical feasibilities of implementing such a cost accounting system in an organization must be evaluated. In the development of activity-based costing systems, an activity analysis has to be conducted to identify activities that consume resources. This involves a detailed study of the organization's logistics and accounting information systems, and it is an expensive project in itself. Besides, it can be quite difficult and time consuming to identify and trace resource consumption to a specific activity. Thus the activity-based costing system should be implemented only when the decrease in cost of error far exceeds the increase in cost of measurement. By combining activity-based costing with standard costing, health care administrators can better plan and control the costs of health services provided while ensuring that the organization's bottom line is healthy.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.532-546
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• 2001

This report is the result of interim evaluation of a health promotion project which was operated by a public health center of K Gu in the year of 2000. It evaluated the aspects of the aim of a project, a target group. and adequacy and appropriateness of a approaching strategy by considering data of public health center's self-evaluation, and guidelines of a group assigned to evaluate the project. The way of evaluation was dividing the project into a colligated evaluation and a evaluation by projects in the aspects of the structure, the procedure. and the result of a result. Through this. a device to improve the health improvement project was derived. The target data for evaluation was the second data and data of self-evaluation, reported data, membership register data of a health management. and interview materials with the people in charge by projects that are all collected as a project management documents. The result of evaluation is stated below. 1. Main purpose of a health promotion project is building a environment of healthy life practicing and providing information through various ways to increase the rate of practicing healthy life. Through overall project. the ultimate purpose and definite purpose were same, however, it was not quite satisfied to offer planning of a time, and a target amount in detailed strategy. As the purpose was to build environment of healthy life practicing. most of the projects had the whole community citizen as a target group. That made difficult to operate detailed projects. so the result was hard to estimate as much as the effort put into it. Also, there were too many kinds of projects and target groups to be equal to by the human source of a health promotion project team. so we were just bent on operating a project. and could not prepare for the evaluation. As the most of former evaluation of public health service was just counting number of the objects, the new way of evaluating a project wasn't familiar to us. so the evaluation of a detailed project cannot be done well. Techniques and advices needed for all of these things weren't offered appropriately. For the forward direction of unfolding project. it is desirable to operate project by selecting focused target and considering a strategy of evaluation as a strategy of reasonable spread. The evaluation of the project became difficult as participation of citizen for it was poor. So, approach strategy that can lead the motivation of community citizen should be derived. 2. For the continuation of a health promotion project, technical assistance system. description of a field in charge, and arrangement of the amount of task should be developed as a central level. Furthermore, as the health promotion project focus on behavioral modification program whose purpose is to lessen dangerous factors. the public health service model which is incorporated with former project should be developed and spread out in the field for the object-centered project plan.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.18-37
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• 1989

This study was done in order to analyze the factors which influenced the performance level of community health practitioners' task. Interview survey was done during the period from August to October, 1986. Interviewee were 166 CHPs among total of 217 CHPs in Kyonggi province area. Multiple stepwise regression and canonical correlation analysis were used to identify major factors influenced to perform community health practitioners' task. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. General characteristics of CHPs 1) Personal characteristics The average age of CHPs was 37.8 years and their marital status was $77.6\%$ of married, educational back-ground was $65.3\%$ of junior college graduation. Their job career was $38.6\%$ of between 1-3 years, $33.3\%$ of between 3-5 years, $22.2\%$ of less than 1 years. Most of CHPs$(62.8\%)$ were fully satisfied with their job, $33.3\%$ were moderately, and $3.8\%$ were not satisfied. 2) Working environmental condition Only $31.7%$ of CHPs were satisfied with their working condition of primary health post, $26.6\%$ were not satisfied. Half of CHPs$(52.5\%)$ replied having good cooperation with health center, $10.1\%$ replied bad. Cooperation with health subcenter was good in $32.9\%$, and bad in $21.9%$. Cooperation with private health institutions was good in $34.2\%$, bad in $21.6%$. 2. Performance level of community health practitioners' task Among a total of 52 contents of their functions medical history taking. physical examination, referral of diagnostic laboratory work-up($(86.4\%)$, health assessment of pregnant women$(82.1\%)$, development of health information system$(79.4\%)$, supervision of health workers $(78.4\%)$, follow-up of family planning acceptors$(77.3\%)$, and follow-up of family planning acceptors' side effects$(77.3\%)$ were actively performed. Diagnosis of pregnancy$(62.1\%)$, sampling of drinking water for quality test$(52.5\%)$, making list of equipment' & supplies $(51.5\%)$, evaluation of primary health post activities $(37.6\%)$, organization of village health workers$(32.4\%)$ and management of village health workers $(30.1\%)$ were poorly performed. 3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of job function The factors which influenced the performance level of community health practitioners' function were age, marital status, educational level, job career, job satisfaction, satisfaction of working environment of primary health post, cooperation of health center, cooperation of health center, cooperation of private health instiutions in orders. These 9 variables were able to explain job function from $25.7\%$ of program planning to $6.7\%$ of management of common disease. 4. Canonical correlation analysis between the performance of function and general characteristics of CHPs. Cooperation of private health institutions was found to be the factor influencing task performance of community organization, management of primary health post, technical supervision of health personnels. Job satisfaction of CHPs was also found to be the factor influencing task performance of family planning, management of common disease and maintenance of health information system.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2016

스마트디바이스의 기술적 발전은 학교 교육체제의 변화를 이끄는 동인이다. 스마트교육이 학교 내 안착하려면 최종 수용자 집단인 다수 일반교사들이 스마트교육에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있으며, 그들의 실제 활용은 어느 정도인지에 대해 규명할 필요가 있다. 이 연구는 일반교사들이 인식하는 스마트교육의 특성을 질적 연구 방법으로 도출한 후, 학교현장에서 스마트교육의 활용에 대한 중요도와 수행도 차이를 양적 연구 방법으로 분석하여 일반교사가 체감하는 스마트교육의 실태를 규명하고자 수행되었다. 스마트교육 속성에 대한 일반교사의 인식을 규명하기 위해 선행연구를 분석하였고, 8명의 일반교사를 대상으로 수업 관찰 및 반구조화된 질문지를 이용한 심층면담 등 질적 연구방법을 실시하였고, 스마트교육에 대한 그들의 1차 핵심 개념 72개를 선정하였다. 그 후 연구자간 논의를 거쳐 16개의 최종 개념, 6개의 하위 범주, 3개의 상위 범주를 도출하였다. 16개 개념을 토대로 일반교사들의 스마트교육 속성에 대한 중요도-실행도를 분석(IPA)하였으며, 스마트교육에 대한 일반교사들의 중요성 인식과 활용 수준에 대한 도출 결과를 토대로 진일보한 스마트교육 실천을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.39-64
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• 2006

날로 심화되고 있는 글로벌 경쟁시대에 기업 경쟁력의 핵심으로 e-비지니스가 확산되고 있다. e-비지니스는 경쟁시장에서 새로운 기회창출, 산업의 구조변화, 생산성 향상을 주도하고 있으며, 기업들도 이와 관련된 투자를 증대시키고 있다. 그러나 투자에 대한 성과의 효율성 증진을 위해 중점적으로 관리해야 할 대상과 요인들에 대한 e-비즈니스 성공요인에 관한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 문헌연구, 사례연구 및 전문가들과의 인터뷰를 통하여 주요한 e-비즈니스 성공요인을 도출하여 경영적 요인과 기술적 요인으로 구분하였으며, 도입 시기에 따라 준비기, 구현기, 운영기로 분류하였다. 이를 바탕으로 e-비즈니스 적용 기업을 대상으로 주요 성공요인과 성과와의 연관성에 대한 실증연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과를 종합해 보면, 기업의 e-비지니스에 대한 전략적 방향으로, 최고 경영자의 관심과 지원을 토대로 경영적 측면에서 차별화된 컨텐츠를 꾸준히 개발하고, 기술적 측면에서는 지속적인 e-비즈니스시스템 관리가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 의의로는 e-비즈니스 주요 성공요인과 추진성과를 새롭게 그룹화 하여 제시하였고, 이들 간의 관련성을 파악함으로써 향후 연구를 위한 e-비즈니스 연구의 체계화에 기여하였다. 그리고 추진 단계별로 성공요인을 정리함으로써 향후 지속적이고 세부적인 연구에 대한 단초를 제시하였다는데 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.82-93
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• 1999

Stroke is a serious disease despite recent improvement in medical and surgical treatment. Hence, identification of modifiable risk factors for stroke is important. This case-control study was done to demonstrate that relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, perception of saltness and the incidence of stroke and to identify that smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and perception of saltness, after adjusting for age, hypertension. A structured interview was carried out from April 15, 1996 to May 3, 1996 in Yonsei Medical Center. The study group consisted of 59 neurologically confirmed stroke patients as the study group and 59 non-stroke patients as controls. Analysis of the data was done by means of ${\chi}^2$-test and logistic regression analysis. The results were as follows. In the study group: 1) Hypertension in males had a 10.2 odds ratio (p<0.05), cardiovascular disease in females had a 11.3 odds ratio (p<0.05) and a farnily history of stroke in males had a 3.1 odds ratio (p<0.05). 2) Females smoking one or more cigarettes had a 8.3 odds ratio (p<0.1), but males had no direct relationship with odds ratio of 1.5 (non-significant). 3) Alcohol consumption in males had a 0.4 odds ratio, and in females had a 0.8 odds ratio. The odds ratio was decreased in alcohol consumption group (non-significant). 4) Males with more than 20 cigarettes pack-years history had a 2.5 odds ratio (p<0.05), more than 25 Body Mass Index had a 3.1 odds ratio (p<0.05) and more than 220 ml ethanol weekly consumption had a 1.5 odds ratio (non-significant). 5) Female smokers had a 8.3 odds ratio (p<0.1), drinkers a 0.8 odds ratio and more than 25 Body Mass Iidex, a 43.1 odds ratio (p<0.05). 6) Females without saltness perception from a 0.5% salt solution had a 6.8 odds ratio (non-significant). 7) By logistic regression analysis independent risk factors for stroke in males were found to be hypertention, age, and obesity. The study was limited because number of subjects was too small for practical implications. However, like as other results, this study suggest that people should be advised to control hypertension, and obesity since these carry a risk of stroke.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.72-80
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary-intake and that of health by mean of questionarie and interview for male and female old persons living in Seoul area. The contents of study included general aspects, physical status and health, nutrient intake, and food intake frequency. The results from the above survey are summarized as follows ; 1. The age group in the range of 60 to 79 years old was 71%, and the average number of family was 4.9. The educational level was 56% of elderly persons were elementary or middle school graduates . 42.8% of elderly persons had an average monthly income of \490,000 to 300,000. 2. The aged average height, weight, and physical index were 164.9cm, 55.8kg and 20.4 in male, 152.7cm, 46.0kg and 20.3 in female which were lower than the Korean average standard. (male; 167.0cm, 61.0kg, female; 156.0cm, 55.0kg) In the degree of health self-consciousness, percentage distribution of poor and very poor was 29% in male, 59% in female. Among the condition of disease, neuralgia was 23.8%, hypertension was 17.2%, diabetes was 5.4%. 3. Average daily calorie intake was $63.9{\sim}70.4%$ for male and $76.4{\sim}83.9%$ for female which were lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. Protein intake was $42.9{\sim}57.3g$ (which was $72.8{\sim}82.6%$ RDA) for elderly person, the proportion of animal protein to total protein intake were $24.3{\sim}28.2%$($12.9{\sim}16.2g$). Iron, Vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$ Niacin intake exceeded the RDA, but the intake of Calcium, Vitamin C were far less than that of RDA. 4. In the correlations between nutritional intakes and environmental factors and health, economic living situations and educational level as the factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant(P<0.01). 5. Food intake frequency of meats, fishes, eggs, for average of $1{\sim}2$ days per week were $44.8{\sim}50.5%$, that of milk and milk products for scarecely week were 42.9.% Correlation of food intake frequency was divided three levels-good, fair, poor. Food intake frequency as the factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant(P<0.01). The results of the survey reveal that many of elderly show evidence of general nutrient intake deficiency, it requires first of all importance of nutrition to improve nutritional level through to promotion of elderly health.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 중학생(N=300)을 대상으로 질문지와 면담을 통해 주요 동물의 분류에 관한 오류와 그 이유가 되는 사고 내용을 조사하였다. 연구결과, 척추동물과 무척추동물로 분류하는데 있어서 뱀(31.7%), 새우(28.3%), 거북이(25.6%), 개구리(24.7%), 불가사리(10.7%) 등의 순서로 오류의 빈도가 높았다. 이러한 오류의 이유는 각 동물의 운동 특성과 외형적 특성에 따른 직관적 사고, 다른 동물의 특성에 비유하여 잘못된 유추를 하는 것, 각 동물의 척추 관찰 부족 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 척추동물의 하위분류군을 구분함에 있어서 '도롱뇽은 파충류(45.3%), 거북이는 양서류(40.3%)'로 대안개념을 갖는 오류가 높게 나타났다. 그 이유는 분류 용어의 모호함으로 인한 혼동과 각 동물의 생리 생태적 특성을 분류 기준의 특성에 연계시키지 못하는 것에 있었다. 박쥐, 고래, 펭귄의 분류에서는 사회 문화적 요인이 오류의 빈도에 영향을 주었다. 동물 분류의 교수 학습이 암기 위주의 주입식보다는 관찰을 통한 분류 기준의 특성을 탐색하는 활동의 지도가 필요하다.

• 정보화정책
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.92-114
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• 2020

본 연구는 국민들의 청와대 국민청원 활용 동인을 분석하는 것에 목적이 있다. 온라인 공간은 숙의민주주의 구현의 실험장으로 활용되어 왔다. 국민 신문고, 다음 아고라 등에서 다양한 여론이 형성되어 실제 국민들의 공감을 얻기도 했다. 문재인 정부 청와대는 국민들의 여론을 수렴하기 위한 방안으로 국민청원 사이트를 개설했다. 30일 동안 20만 명 이상 동의를 얻은 청원에 대해서 부처의 책임자 혹은 청와대 관계자가 직접 답변을 하는 방식으로 운영된다. 본 연구는 청와대 국민청원이 기존 여론 수렴 플랫폼과 어떤 차별성을 가지는지, 왜 국민들이 청와대 국민청원 서비스에 열광하는지 깊이 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 혼합연구 방식을 도입하여 질적, 양적 분석을 수행했다. 먼저 표적 집단 면접을 통해서 청와대 국민청원 이용경험이 있는 사람들을 대상으로 경험을 측정 가능한 구성개념으로 요인화 했다. 그 다음 청와대 국민청원 이용 경험이 있는 우리나라 국민 156명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시했다. 분석결과 상징성, 유용성, 충족성, 신뢰 요인이 국민청원 활용 의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미침을 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 온라인의 숙의민주주의 플랫폼에서 이용자들의 실제 참여를 제고하기 위해서 기술적 측면 보다는 상징성, 유용성, 충족성, 신뢰 요인이 마련될 수 있어야 함을 주장하고자 한다. 더불어서 본 연구는 온라인 숙의민주주의 구현 과정으로 청와대 국민청원이 기존 여론 수렴 플랫폼과 어떠한 차별성이 있는지 살펴보고, 지속 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석했다는 점에서 의의를 가진다고 할 수 있다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

식수부족문제는 지표수와 지하수의 오염, 수처리의 어려움, 기반시설의 부재로 인해 많은 개발도상국에서 주로 발생하고 있다. 이에 빗물을 모아 식수로 이용하는 빗물식수화시설(RFD)이 매우 효과적인 대안으로 떠오르고 있으며, 전 세계적으로 빗물식수화시설 사업이 진행되고 있다. 대부분의 빗물식수화시설은 지역주민이 사업 종료 후부터 스스로 시설을 운영하도록 하기 때문에 빗물식수화시설 사업에 대한 지역주민의 인식이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 베트남에서 빗물식수화시설을 사용하는 총 209명의 현지 지역주민을 대상으로 설문조사와 면담을 실시하여 지역주민의 인식을 조사하였다. 지역주민들은 빗물식수화시설 사업의 효과성에 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있으며(41.9%), 빗물식수화시설 사업에 참여의향이 있는 것으로 나타났다(58.9%). 지역주민이 빗물식수화시설 사업에서 가장 기대하는 세가지 요소는 '안전한 식수의 공급', '마을공동체의 활성화', '빗물식수화시설의 확산'순으로 나타나 빗물식수화시설 사업에의 참여를 통해 안전한 식수를 공급받는 것을 가장 기대하는 것으로 파악되었다. 빗물식수화시설 사업에서 가장 우려하는 세가지 요소로는 '빗물의 수질', '빗물식수화시설의 설치 기술', '지역주민의 참여도'순으로 나타났으며, 특히 빗물식수화시설 사업의 종료 후의 빗물 수질과 시설의 유지관리를 우려하는 것으로 파악되었다. 빗물식수화시설 사업의 종료 후에도 지역주민이 성공적으로 빗물식수화시설을 운영하기 위해서는 빗물식수화시설의 수질을 용이하게 측정할 수 있는 간편한 수질 측정 도구의 개발과 지역주민 스스로가 빗물식수화시설에 관심을 가지고 유지관리를 할 수 있도록 빗물식수화시설에 대한 정기적인 교육을 진행하는 것이 필요할 것이다.