• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.229-237
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• 1997

Due mainly to the complexity of educational system, it is difficult to comprehend the phenomena and nature of the science education. Educators have developed various kinds of means and methods useful for easy understanding of the phenomena and nature. This study added another method supporting that the phenomena and nature of the science education should be understood in the context of educational system. System approach into thought is holistic and contextual in nature. It focuses on both the whole and its relevant parts, and is concerned with environmental context. By its definition, a system interact not only with another system but also with its environments. The purpose of this study was to answer such questions as "What is the science education?", or "What is the meaning of the science education?", "Why do we teach science?", "Why are we ought to teach science?", and "How do we know that those facts and methods are valid?" The results for the study are as follows: 1. Science education is the human behavior with the purpose to attain something through science and education. It is socio-cultural process, social and organizational activity into which the public deeply involved. The process and activity are usually undergirded upon the value of science education. 2. The science education system is analyzed in the light of the legislative institution. The system model that characterize of the system and the interrelationship among the systems is suggested in terms of the conceptions of boundary, components, variables, parameters and linkage, etc. Then, the science education system is divided into the plan-system, do-system and see-system by the use of the criterion of plan-do-see that is the general process of human activity. The study also identified that the system of science education is consisted of the aspects of science education administration, school science education, and science education evaluation. 3. As the frame of thought on the contextuality in the science education system, the contexts of meaning, organization, legislation and policy were presented, along with the main cognitive interest, the system, the orientation, and the premise of each context which were used to explain the reasons. The results of this study suggested a new approach into the comprehension of the educational phenomena in teaching science and the possibility of understanding science education as a whole.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2011

The present study was carried out to investigate gender-related attitudes of professors in engineering as a socio-environmental factor for career barriers of female engineering students. For this purpose, 220 professors, 169 in engineering and 51 in non-engineering, completed questionnaires that evaluated gender-related knowledge, behavior, and career expectations. Our results showed that both engineering and non-engineering professors showed a low level of knowledge of gender differences. Both groups selected soft skills such as leadership, initiative and self efficacy as lacking in female students, rather than their academic skills. Professors in engineering showed higher expectations of female students pursuing a career in engineering but lower expectations for working on core projects and taking leadership at the workplace than the professors in non-engineering. The level of gender-sensitivity related to teaching was lower for professors in engineering than those in non-engineering, although professors in engineering evaluated their gender sensitivity higher than the evaluation of their female students. In addition, professors in engineering opted less for developing programs for female student career development in engineering than professors in non-engineering, and they showed a low interest level in participating in such programs. This study showed that the efforts to make engineering professors aware of the characteristics of female students should precede the development of education programs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2018

This descriptive study was conducted to determine the influence of stress coping styles of nursing students on problem solving ability. Data were collected from 142 nursing students in the M-area from September 20, 2016, to November 30 and analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0. The average degree of stress coping styles was $3.36{\pm}.30$ (5 point-scale), problem solving abilities was $3.42{\pm}.38$ (5 point-scale). Among the subdomains of stress coping styles, problem focusing was highest, with a score of $3.60{\pm}.42$. Additionally, among the subdomains of problem solving ability, clarification was highest, with a score of $3.50{\pm}.51$. The problem solving abilities of nursing students showed a positive correlation with stress coping styles (r=0.53, p<.001) and was positively correlated with problem focusing (r=0.66, p<.001), positive point of view (r=0.53, p<.001), and social support navigation (r=0.42, p<.001). In addition, the factor with the greatest effect among subdomains of stress coping styles was problem focusing (${\beta}=0.416$, p<.001) and positive point of view (${\beta}=0.257$, p=.002). These two factors were found to explain 54.3% of the variance in problem solving ability. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that application of teaching-learning methods has the potential to improve students' problem-solving ability through problem-oriented and positive stress coping behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5920-5925
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors affecting the quality life of oral health according to the knowledge and behavior related with oral health and childcare teachers. Total 205 childcare teacher who working in Busan participated in this survey. The knowledge on oral health has an effects on oral health practice with ${\gamma}$=.155 and t=2.539 but this doesn't show meaningful effects on dietary pattern. Oral health is not affected by oral health practice with ${\beta}$=-.001, t=-.008 but dietary patterm has an effects on oral health impact profile with ${\beta}$=.172, t=2.560. Oral health impact profile show meaningful effects on total health index with ${\beta}$=.582, t=10.275. The results show that the oral health program for childcare teacher should be developed to prevent oral disease and oral health impact profile should be improved for not only childcare teachers but also children.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.131-151
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• 2018

Notwithstanding various discourses among scholars on the unique characteristics of comics, in Korea there is nevertheless a scarcity of quality research on the subject. Therefore, to promote quality research, it is important to consider how to best use source materials in the field of comics scholarship. Source materials can generally be categorized into three types: pre-existing comics, scholar-generated comics and user-generated comics. For this study, user-generated comics are the primary source materials, specifically comics created by mothers of children with disabilities. It is intended that this research will contribute to the future direction of education for mothers who suffer from a relative sense of alienation as the primary caregivers of children with special needs. Although therapeutic arts and cultural programs make a tremendous difference in the lives of these mothers, teaching methodology and educational opportunities are extremely limited. Furthermore, existing scholarship focuses primarily on either the psychological transformation of the individual or a phenomenological approach for parents to understand and deal with the problematic behavior of children with disabilities. However, this research does little to help improve learning programs for these parents. Against this backdrop, this research sets out to consider the potentiality and effectiveness of using comics in the education of mothers of children with disabilities. These mothers, by creating comics, develop better awareness of themselves in a positive and enriching way. It is therefore hoped that this research provides a useful analysis for developing the potentiality and effectiveness of these programs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2016

Studies have shown that smoking is a learnt behavior, often initiated during adolescence. This paper aims to describe tobacco-related knowledge, attitude and associations among school adolescents aged 13-15 with exposure to anti-smoking information. Using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Viet Nam, 2014, knowledge was measured through 4 questions about tobacco use, and attitude was assessed through 3 questions on personal, social and environmental aspects. Students giving most anti-tobacco responses to all questions were considered as having correct knowledge or appropriate attitude or both. Access to anti-smoking information was determined by exposure to any media messages on tobacco control during the past 30 days and teaching in school about the danger of tobacco use during the past 12 months. A substantial percentage of students thought that being near others who smoke might be harmful to them and smoking is harmful to health (89.4% and 89.6% respectively). However, only 46.4% reported that it is definitely difficult to quit smoking and 66.9% thought that smoking for only 1 or 2 years, once stopped, is harmful to health. Slightly more than half of the respondents reported appropriate attitude that young smokers have fewer friends than others and smoking makes them less attractive and less comfortable at social events. Noticing anti-smoking messages in the media together with having lessons in school about the dangers of tobacco substantially increased the likelihood of having correct knowledge, appropriate attitude and both. Despite relatively high awareness about smoking harms, effective educational communication is still highly needed to improve the level of comprehensive knowledge and an appropriate attitude regarding tobacco use.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-144
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• 2002

This longitudinal quasi-experimental research was conducted to develop parent role education program and to evaluate the effect of this program for mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their healthy mothers. The sample consisted of eighteen mother-infant dyads for intervention group and sixteen dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th in 1999 to Jun 20th in 2000. The intervention group received programmed education consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting care. But control group were collected data without programmed education. In this study, the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale(NCATS) devised by Barnard was used to determine the mother-infant interaction, HOME was used to determine the childrearing environment, and Griffiths mental development scale was used to determine the infant development. The data were analyzed using SPSS Win using chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. This study was focused on the results of twelve months time point. Summaries of the results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in mother-infant interaction(NCATS) between intervention group and control group. But both of two groups showed significantly higher in interaction score at twelve months than at six months in the subscales of social-emotional growth fostering, and responsiveness to caregiver. 2. There was no significant difference in childrearing environment(HOME) between two groups at twelve months. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of maternal involvement with child(p=.001), and maternal emotional-verbal responsivity(p=.048). 3. There was no significant difference in GQ of the Griffiths mental development scale between two groups, although significant difference was found in performance subscale. 4. Infant development at twelve months showed significant correlation with mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at six months, although mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at twelve months did not show significant correlations with infant development at twelve months. 5. Developmental scores at six months showed significant correlations with variety in daily stimulation, and mother's emotional, verbal responsivity, whereas developmental scores at twelve months showed significant correlations with acceptance of child behavior at six months, and appropriate play material at twelve months. In conclusion, the maternal education program for primipara showed long term effect in some categories in organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. We suggest further study and implications of parent role education program for high risk parents such as parents in low economic status or with premature babies.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.693-701
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• 2014

Based on social cognitive theory, self-efficacy in the context of learning has been steadily emphasized as an indicator of students' motivation and performance. The premise for developing such an instrument was that a specific measure of Physics self-efficacy was deemed to be an important predictor of the change processes necessary to improve students' physics understanding. In this study we described the process of developing and validating an instrument to measure students' beliefs in their abilities to perform essential tasks in physics and then investigated high school students' self-efficacy about physics learning and performance. Validity and reliability of PSEI were tested using various statistical techniques including the Cronbach alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis. The result of factor analysis supported the contention that the Physics Self-Efficacy Inventory (PSEI) was a multidimensional construct consisting of at least four dimensions: understanding and application of Physics concepts, achievement motivation, confidence for physics laboratory, confidence for Mathematics. The result showed that Kroean high schools students have low Physics self-efficacy for the all four dimensions. Therefore, researchers should focus on development of students' Physics self-efficacy. In addition, the instrument may lead to further understanding of student behavior, which in turn can facilitate the development of strategies that may increase students' aspiration to understand and study Physics. More specifically, by using the PSEI as a pre- and post-test indicator, instructors can gain insight into whether students' confidence levels increase as they engage in learning Physics, and, in addition, what type of teaching strategies are most effective in building deeper understanding of Physics concepts.where they freely exchanged opinions and feedback for constructing better collective ideas.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.189-205
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• 2003

The purpose： This study was to get database of health service for smoking prevention through investigating the state of the students' experience, knowledge and attitude on smoking. Method： The subjects were cosisted of 545 students who were currently enrolled in 3, 4, 5 and 6th grade of 4 primary school in J community. The instruments for this study were Smoking Knowledge and Smoking Attitude questionaire (40 items) developed by WHO(l982). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOY A and Chi- square test with SAS program were used to analyze the data. Result： Among the students 10.8％ answered they had the experience of smoking, while 0.5％ said they are current smokers. The experience of smoking related to general characteristics were showed significantly different according to sex, grade and received or not received of smoking exhort. With regard to smokers smoking behavior, first beginning time of smoking was most by 29.8％ preschooler and the first motive of smoking was most by 80.8％ curiosity. The main smoking area is most by 31.1 ％ own house or friend's house. The main purchase route of tobacco appeared by thing which house(father or brother's tobacco) most by 34.9％. Smoking period was most less than 1 day and smoking frequency was most stops while bum sometimes. The amount for a day was less than one cigarette. Smoking time was appeared highest when curiosity occurs. Students' knowledge level about smoking prevention is high comparatively to mean 15.44(±2.66). Smoking prevention knowledge level related to general characteristics were showed significantly different according to the grade, academic score and learned or not of smoking prevention. Therefore, was expose that the smoking prevention knowledge level is high in students who results high grade, high academic score level and learned of smoking prevention. Students' attitude level about smoking prevention was high level to mean 55.90(±3.58). Smoking prevention attitude level related to general characteristics were showed significantly different according to academy score and received or not of smoking exhort(t＝2.33, p＝.020). Therefore, was expose that the smoking prevention attitude level is high in students who result high academic score level and received of smoking exhort group. Conclusion： It follows from this study that education for smoking prevention should be continued from lower grade students and teaching for refusal skill against smoking is needed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 2009

A robot must be able to generate various skills to achieve given tasks intelligently and reasonably. The robot must first learn affordances to generate the skills. An affordance is defined as qualities of objects or environments that induce actions. Affordances can be usefully used to generate skills. Most tasks require sequential and goal-oriented behaviors. However, it is usually difficult to accomplish such tasks with affordances alone. To accomplish such tasks, a skill is constructed with an affordance and a soft behavioral motivation switch for reflecting goal-oriented elements. A skill calculates a behavioral motivation as a combination of both presently perceived information and goal-oriented elements. Here, a behavioral motivation is the internal condition that activates a goal-oriented behavior. In addition, a robot must be able to execute sequential behaviors. We construct skill networks by using generated skills that make action selection feasible to accomplish a task. A robot can select sequential and a goal-oriented behaviors using the skill network. For this, we will first propose a method for modeling and learning Bayesian networks that are used to generate affordances. To select sequential and goal-oriented behaviors, we construct skills using affordances and soft behavioral motivation switches. We also propose a method to generate the skill networks using the skills to execute given tasks. Finally, we will propose action-selection-mechanism to select sequential and goal-oriented behaviors using the skill network. To demonstrate the validity of our proposed methods, "Searching-for-a-target-object", "Approaching-a-target-object", "Sniffing-a-target-object", and "Kicking-a-target-object" affordances have been learned with GENIBO (pet robot) based on the human teaching method. Some experiments have also been performed with GENIBO using the skills and the skill networks.