• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.165-169
• /
• 2000

Kombucha beverages were made from sweetened tea by Oriental, European and Tibetan tea fungus starters. The hot water extracts o green tea, black tea, Gugija and Omija were mixed with white and/or brown sugar, and were fermented under a static culture at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Titrable acidity, pH, color and cellulose production in kombucha beverages were evaluated. All tea fungus starters showed a higher acid production in green/black tea extracts rather than Gugija and Omija extracts. In green/black tea extracts Oriental tea fungus produced a kombucha beverage with a higher titrable acidity and lower pH than those of European and Tibetan tea fungus starters. By the static fermentation of green/black tea extract for 18 days, Oriental, Tibetan and European tea fungus starters produced cellulose pellicles of 0.43g, 0.16g, and 0.19 g (dry weight) on the top in the culture, respectively. As a mother starter, the cellulose pellicle was more efficient in acid production compared with tea fungus broth. Oriental/Tibetan mixed tea fungus showed the best acid production in the green/black tea extract supplemented with brown sugar.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2002

Factors affecting the production of bacterial cellulose and organic acids in Kombucha fermentation were investigated. Kombucha was obtained by the fermentation (for 12 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$) of the green/black tea extract, supplemented with 10% white sugar, using an Oriental tea fungus as starter. Hitgher initial pH increased acid production with decreased cellulose production. With a cellulose pellicle or tea fungus broth as a starter, a 1~3 mm thick cellulose layer developed as a top layer every four days, and was removed subsequently while continuing fermentation. Addition of 30 mL tea fungus broth (13%, v/v) in Kombucha fermentation resulted in maximum production of a cellulose pellicle, indicating weak acid production. Yield of cellulose production at an early stage of fermentation was also higher when Kombucha was inoculated with a cellulose pellicle. In fact, addition of 1% (v/v) alcoholic beverage in the Kombucha fermentation activated the cellulose production, coupled with four times higher acid production.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.497-501
• /
• 2000

We investigated the effect of tea fungus/kombucha(TF) beverage on serum and liver lipid metabolism in growing male rats. The rats(Sprague-Dawley) were divided into five groups; control(TF free water), 20 or 40% TF groups(20 or 40% TF in water) and 20 or 40% TFS groups(20 or 40% TF autoclaved in water) according to the level of TF supplementation. The rats were fed ad libitum each of the experimental beverage for 7 weeks. The body weight gain of all the TF and TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The total lipid and triglyceride concentrations of serum in the 40% TF group were increased more than those in the control group, but those in the 20% TF and 20% TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol concentrations, HDL-cholesterol / total cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index of serum in all the TF and TFS groups were similar to those of the control group. The LDL-cholesterol concentration of serum was significantly lower in the 20% TF group than that in the control group. The LDL-cholesterol concentration of serum was significantly lower in the 20% TF group than that in the control group, but those of the 40% TF, 20% TFS and 40% TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The liver weights of all the TF and TFS groups were heavier than that of the control group. The concentrations of hepatic triglyceride in the 20% TF and 20% TFS groups were significantly decreased, compared with that in the control group. The concentrations of hepatic total cholesterol in all the TF and TFS groups were significantly more decreased than that in the control group. These results indicated that the liver weights of tea fungus/kombucha beverage feeding rats were increased, also the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations of 40% TF feeding rats were increased. but the serum LDL-cholesterol, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels of 20% TF feeding rats were decreased.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.397-402
• /
• 2009

Kombucha tea(KT) is sugared black tea fermented with a symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts, which is said to be tea fungus. KT is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health, but there is very little scientific evidence available in the literature. In the present study, KT along with black tea(BT) and black tea manufactured with tea fungus enzymes(enzyme-processed tea, ET) were evaluated for hepatoprotective and curative properties against $CCl_4$-induced toxicity, using male albino rats as an experimental model by analyzing aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase in plasma and malondialdehyde content in plasma and liver tissues. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue was also included. Results showed that BT, ET, and KT have the potential to revert the $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity. Among the three types of teas tried, KT was found to be more efficient than BT and ET. Antioxidant molecules produced during the fermentation period could be the reason for the efficient hepatoprotective and curative properties of KT against $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물학회 1999년도 공동 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.67.1-67
• /
• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물학회 2000년도 공동 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.80.1-80
• /
• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.1137-1143
• /
• 1999

This study investigated the effect of tea fungus/kombucha beverage(TF) protein concentrations and enzyme activities in serum of both normal and diabetic male rats. Sprague Dawley growing rats were randomly assigned to one control and five diabetic groups. In five diabetic groups, D control group was fed drinking water and the other groups were fed drinking water supplemented with 20 or 40% TF (20 or 40% TFD group, respectively) and 20 or 40% disinfected TF(20 or 40% TFSD group, respectively) for 7 weeks. Diabetes was experimentally induced in all five diabetic groups by streptozotocin injection after 3 week feeding. The diabetic groups were significantly decreased the body weight( 29.4~ 48.6g) compared with those in control group(72.4g). The total liver and kidney weights in all diabetic groups were similar to those in control group, but those relative to body weights in all diabetic groups were heavier than those in control group. The total spleen weight in all diabetic groups was significantly decreased compared with those in control group, but those relative to body weights in all diabetic groups were similar to those in control group. The blood glucose levels were heigher in all diabetic groups than those in control group. The alkaline phosphatase activity in serum was higher in all experimental groups than those in control group, but it was lower in 40% TFD, 20% and 40% TFSD groups than those in D control group. The GPT activity was significantly increased in D control, 20% and 40% TFD groups than in control group. The GOT activity was significantly increased in D control goup than in control group, but those in all TFD and TFSD groups were similar to control group. The total protein concentration in all diabetic groups was significantly decreased compared with that in control group, but the albumin concentration showed almost the same levels in all the experimental groups. The ratio of albumin/globulin, and hem atocrit value were significantly increased in all diabetic groups than in control group. These results show that tea fungus/kombucha beverage with which diabetic rats were fed has not recovered the decreased body weight, lowered serum total protein level, hypertrophy of liver and kidney, hyperglycemia to the normal state.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물학회 2000년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.207.3-208
• /
• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.613-618
• /
• 1999

발효홍차가 당뇨쥐의 혈당과 지질농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 평균체중 $140{\pm}10g$ 전후되는 Sprague-Dawley계 숫쥐에 음료수를 급여한 대조군, 당뇨대조군, 발효홍차군은 음료수에 발효홍차를 20%와 40%씩 혼합한 군과 감압멸균한 발효홍차를 20%와 40%씩 혼합급여한 군 등 6군으로 나누어 각 실험음료로 3주간 사육한 다음, streptozotocin으로 당뇨를 유발시키고 계속 4주간 각 실험음료로 사육하였다. 체중의 변화는 당뇨 유발전 3주간 체중증가는 대조군과 각 농도별 발효홍차 급여군이 비슷하였슴은 발효흥차가 성장률에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 당뇨유발후 4주간의 체중변화는 대조군은 72.4g 증가하였으나, 당뇨대조군과 각 농도별 당뇨발효홍차군은 당뇨로 인한 대사장애로 29.4~48.6g의 체중이 감소되었다. 췌장 총 무게는 당뇨대조군에 비하여 당뇨 20% 발효홍차군, 당뇨 40% 발효홍차군 및 당뇨 20% 감압멸균한 발효홍차군은 유의 하게 증가(p<0.05)되었다. 체중 100g당 췌장 무게는 대조군에 비하여 당뇨대조군과 각 농도별 당뇨 발효홍차군이 유의하게 증가(p<0.05)되었다 혈당량은 당뇨대조군과 당뇨발효홍차군이 비슷한 경향으로 혈당량을 낮추지는 못하였다 혈청의 중성지질농도는 당뇨대조군에 비하여 당뇨 20% 발효홍차군과 당뇨 20% 감압멸균 발효흥차군이 감소(p<0.05)되었으며, 총 콜 레스테롤 농도는 각 당뇨발효홍차군이 당뇨대조군보다 유의하게 감소(p<0.05)하여 대조군과 비슷한 수준으로 발효홍차가 당뇨쥐의 혈청 총콜레스테롤치를 정상수준으로 낮추는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 각군이 차이를 보이지 않았으나, HDL-콜레스테롤 농도/총 콜레스테롤 농도의 비율은 당뇨대조군에 비하여 각 당뇨발효홍차군이 유의하게 증가(p<0.05)되었다 LDL-콜레스테롤 농도 및 동액경화지수는 당뇨대조군에 비하여 각 당뇨발효홍차군은 유의 하게 낮은(p<0.05) 수준을 보였다 간의 총 지질농도는 대조군에 비하여 당뇨 20%와 40% 발효홍차군이 감소(p<0.05)하였으나, 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 대조군과 각 실험군이 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 중성지질농도는 대조군에 비하여 당뇨대조군과 각 당뇨발효흥차군이 유의하게 감소(p<0.05)되었다 이상의 결과로 보아 당뇨쥐에 발효홍차를 급여한 바 당뇨병 합병증의 원인이 되는 혈청의 중성지질, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 농도 및 동맥경화지수를 낮추는 효과가 있으므로 발효홍차가 당뇨쥐의 지절대사를 부분적으로 개선시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.661-668
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 발효홍차가 당뇨 암쥐의 성장률, 혈청 및 간의 지질 농도, 단백질 농도 및 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 평균체중 155.5$\pm$9.3 g 전후되는 Sprague- Dawley계 암쥐에 음료수를 급여한 정상군, 당뇨대조군 및 당뇨발효홍차군은 음료수에 발효흥차를 20%와 40%씩 혼합한 군 등 4군으로 나누어 각 실험음료로 2주간 사육한 다음, streptozotocin으로 당뇨를 유발시키고 계속 5주간 각 실험음료로 사육하였다. 체중의 변화는 당뇨유발 전 2주간 체중 증가는 대조군과 각 농도별 발효홍차 급여군이 비슷하여 발효홍차가 성장률에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 당뇨유발후 5주간의 체중변화는 정상군 48.3 g증가에 비하여 당뇨대조군과 각 농도별 당뇨발효홍차군은 당뇨로 인한 대사장애로 6.8~7.1 g으로 증가율이 낮았다. 공복시 혈당량은 당뇨대조군과 당뇨발효홍차군이 비슷한 경향으로 혈당량을 낮추지는 못하였다. 간, 신장 및 췌장의 무게는 당뇨대조군과 각 수준의 당뇨발효홍차군들이 비슷하였다. 그러나 간과 신장의 무게는 정상군 보다 당뇨 실험군들이 유의하게 증가되었으며, 췌장의 무게는 정상군보다 당뇨실헌군들이 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈청의 중성지질 농도는 40% 당뇨발효홍차군에서, LDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 20% 당뇨발효홍차군이 당뇨대조군 보다 유의하게 감소되었다. 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤 및 인지질 농도, HDL-콜레스테롤/총 콜레스테롤 비율 및 동맥경화지수는 당뇨대조군과 각 당뇨발효홍차군들이 비슷하였다. 간의 콜레스테롤 농도는 당뇨대조군과 각 당뇨발효홍차군들이 비슷하였으나, 중성지질 농도는 당뇨대조군에 비하여 당뇨발효홍차군들이 유의하게 감소되었고, 인지질 농도는 40% 당뇨발효홍차군에서 유의하게 증가되었다. 혈청의 총 단백질과 알부민 및 간의 단백질 농도, 혈청의 alkaline phosphatase, GOT 및 GPT 활성은 당뇨대조군과 각 당뇨발효홍차군들이 비슷하였다.