• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2018

The inconsistent relationship between the monogeneric family Cephalotaxaceae and Taxaceae was discussed and the possibility of merging Cephalotaxus within Taxaceae was also reviewed. Our previous reports (cladistics analysis, leaf anatomy and wood anatomy of Taxaceae s.l.) did not find a feasible reason to create a distinction between Cephalotaxus and other Taxad genera (Taxus, Pseudotaxus, Amentotaxus, Torreya and, Austrotaxus) and thus argued for a broader concept of Taxaceae with Cephalotaxus. The monophyly of Taxaceae including Cephalotaxus is described in various contemporary molecular studies, and some of them are in support of the single large family Taxaceae with six genera. Although additional comprehensive studies in the future may perhaps weaken the precise association between Cephalotaxaceae and other Taxad genera, on the basis of recent corroborations, at this moment Taxaceae should be redefined with broad circumscriptions, including Cephalotaxus.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

Methanol extract of plants in Jeju were investigated for biological properties related to whitening cosmeceuticals such as melanin contents on melanoma cell, mushroom tyrosinase activity inhibition. We found that extracts of leaves of Hypochoeris radicata, Solanum nigrum, Solidago serotica Gynostenmma pentaphyllum and Taxus cuspidata inhibit melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. However they have no tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2011

This study was carried out to improve planting and use of landscape plants in Gangwon-do. The designated plants by schools and cities in Gangwon-do were surveyed and then compared with the planted trees on streets, public parks, schools, etc. in 2009. There were 45 tree species and 43 flower species designated as school trees and school flowers at 632 schools in Gangwon-do. The majority of school tree species were Juniperus chinensis, Pinus densiflora, Abies holophylla, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus thunbergii. The ratio of native species to exotic was 35:10. The majority of school flower species Rosa centifolia, Forsythia koreana, Zinnia elegans, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Rosa rugosa. The ratio of native species to the exotic was 22:21. There were 12 flower species and 7 tree species designated as city trees and city flowers in 18 cities and guns. The high frequency flower species were Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Forsythia koreana, Magnolia sieboldii, and Prunus armeniaca var. ansu. The high frequency tree species were Ginkgo biloba, Pinus koraiensis, and Taxus cuspidata. There were 87 woody landscape tree species planted, and a total of 619,835 landscape plants were planted in Youngseo region (western part of Gangwon-do) in 2009. The ratio of native species to exotic species was 56:31. The majority of landscape trees planted were Pinus densiflora, Prunus yedoensis, Prunus sargentii, Comus officinalis, Pyrus pyrifolia, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Hibiscus syriacus, Forsythia koreana, Zellkova serrata, Acer triflorum, Rhododendron obutusum, and Ligustrum obtusifolium A in 2009. The ratio of native species to the exotic was 64:36. There were 77 woody landscape tree species planted, and a total of 914,668 landscape plants were planted in Youngdong region (eastern part of Gangwon-do) in 2009. The ratio of native species to exotic was 52:25. The major landscape trees planted were Pinus thunbergii, Rhododendron lateritium, Rhododendron schlippenenbachii, Hibiscus syriacus, Prunus yedoensis, Pinus densiflora, Syringa dilatata, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Rosa rugosa, Prunus sargentii, Rosa centifolia, Juniperus chinensis, Euonymus japonica, Forsythia koreana, Chionanthus retusus, Acer palmatum, and Chaenomeles sinensis. The results indicate that landscape plants need to be diverse in species in each region of Gangwon-do. Selection of suitable plants for each region and the use of native species need to be emphasized.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.551-563
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• 2008

This study analyzed the actual vegetation and vegetation structure around the trails with the aim of restoring vegetation and continuous monitoring of the section between the National Astronomy Observatory and Birobong in Sobaeksan National Park. The actual vegetation was classified into 18 types, of which the largest were Quercus mongolica communities occupying the dimension of $225,337m^2$, Rhododendron schlippcubachii communities distributed around the trails on the ridge were covering 14.59%, and deciduous broadleaf forests were covering 11.06%. of the surveyed areas, respectively. In consideration of the actual vegetation, a total of 23 belt-transects were set up; 9 in Quercus mongolica communities, 3 in broadleaf deciduous forests, 2 in Taxus cuspidata communities, and 9 in damage restoration areas to take a closer look at the species diversity, species number, and individual number by community. The survey results are as follows: 9 belt-transects in Quercus mongolica communities showed their species diversity was $0.4290{\sim}1.0496$ with $7{\sim}22$ species and $115{\sim}481$ individuals. 3 belt-transects in broadleaf deciduous communities showed that species diversity was $0.6712{\sim}1.0096$ with $14{\sim}17$ species and $158{\sim}453$ individuals. 2 belt-transects in Taxus cuspidata communities showed that species diversity was $0.5413{\sim}0.9923$ with $14{\sim}15$ species and $223{\sim}406$ individuals. 8 belt-transects showed that species diversity was $0.1899{\sim}0.9217$ with $3{\sim}23$ species and $105{\sim}485$ individuals.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.23
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• pp.95-102
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• 2008

To investigate bioactive materials for development of natural conservative agent on organic cultural heritage, methanol extracts from 11 wood species which populate in Korea were screened for antifungal and insecticidal activity against 9 wood contaminant fungi and adult of Lasioderma serricorne. Antifungal activity of extracts was tested by using paper disc soaking method and feeder strip test against wood-rot fungi and wood surface contaminant fungi. Among these extracts, the most significant antimicrobial activity was observed from the extract of Phellodendron amurense at 5 mg/disc against Coniophora puteana, Lentinus lepideus, Tyromyces palustris and Aspergillus niger. The insecticidal activity of extracts was examined by topical application against L. serricorne adults. The extracts from Taxus cuspidata and Abies holophylla gave 56.7 % mortality at 25 ${\mu}g$/adult for 24 hr. From these result, the methanol extract from T. cuspidata, A. holophylla and P. amurense described could be useful for conservation of organic cultural heritage against biological deterioration by insect and wood contaminant fungi.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.681-686
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to measure total phenolic compounds as a measure of antioxidant activity as well as ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities as a measure of anti-diabetic efficacy in methanol extracts from 23 kinds of medicinal plants. Extracts of three medicinal plant species showing high total polyphenol contents were selected (Euonymus alatus stem, Taxus cuspidata fruit, and Eucommia ulmoides leaf). Extracts of six medicinal plant species showing over 60% DPPH radical scavenging activity were also selected [Eucommia ulmoides barks (80.10%), Lycium chinense roots (64.25%), Euonymus alatus stem (73.59%), Lespedeza cuneata (78.20%), Taxus cuspidata fruits (70.52%), and Tilia taquetii leaf and stem (67.81%)]. Regarding ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities acarbose showing approximately 80% inhibitory activity was selected as a control group, and six species (Eucommia ulmoides heartwood, Eucommia ulmoides bark, Euonymus alatus stem, Dioscorea batatas, Coix lachryma-jobi, and Phaseolus radiatus) showed greater than 80% ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Extracts of nine medicinal plant. species showing over 80% ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity (Pueraria thunbergiana root, Eucommia ulmoides bark, Eucommia ulmoides leaf, Lycium chinense fruits, Euonymus alatus leaf and stem, Euonymus alatus stem, Sasa borealis whole, Dioscorea batatas leaf and stem, and Tilia taquetii leaf and stem). Based on these results, medicinal plants showing high antioxidant and antidiabetic activities can be used as fundamental products in developing new medicines, as well as functional foods to prevent adult disease.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2020

It is known that different plant species have ability to deposit different amounts of particulate matter (PM) on their leaves and plants can absorb heavy metals in PM through their leaves. Heavy metals in PM can have toxic effect on human body and plants. Therefore, PM on different roadside trees at Chungbuk national University including box tree (Buxus koreana), yew (Taxus cuspidate), royal azalea (Rhododendron yedoense), and retusa fringetree (Chionanthus retusa) was quantified based on particle size (PM_>10 and PM_2.5-10). The metal concentration in PM accumulated on leaves was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. In this study, the mass of PM_>10 deposited on the surface of the tree leaves ranged from 6.11 to 32.7 ㎍/㎠, while the mass of PM_2.5-10 ranged from 0 to 14.8 ㎍/㎠. The royal azaleas with grooves and hair on the leaf surface retained PM particles for longer time, while the yews and box trees with wax on leaf surfaces accumulated more PM. The PM contained elements in crustal material such as Al, Ca, Mg, and Fe and heavy metals including Cu, Pb and Zn. The concentration of elements in crustal material was higher in the coarser size, while heavy metal concentration was relatively higher in the finer size fraction. The Mn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations of leaves and PM_2.5-10 were significantly correlated indicating that PM was taken up through tree leaves.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 1998

Antifungal activity on major seedborne diasease of crops was screened by the treatment of the extracts from 50 medicinal plants in vitro and in vivo. The extracts of garlic and taxus, Rheum undulatum, Achiranthes japonica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Oenothera lamar kiana treated with the blotting filter paper and water agar methods inhibited the growth of Pyricularia oryzae, Alternaria sesamicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Alternaria brassicicola among the tested plants. Antifungal activities on infected seeds by soaking methods were shown even at the dilution of the extracts by 10 times. The activity was the highest in soaking seeds at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The effect of plant extract on seed germination was not significant as compared with untreated seed. However, early growth of seedling was increased by the treatment of extracts. The extract of taxus slightly inhibited the seed germination of radish and chinese cabbage but those of Achirunthes japonica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Oenthfera lamarkiana showed severe damage on the seed germination and early growth of seedling.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.41-55
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• 2011

This study was carried out to survey and analyze the transition of landscape plants on an apartment complexes in the 1990's and 2000's. The results are summarized as follows; The ratio of landscape area was increased from 30.0% to 34.7%. The number of trees per 100 square meter decreased from 22.5 to 15.7. The number of shrub per 10 square meter increased from 19.3 to 38.7. Species of Evergreen tree were increased 21 to 39. The species that a lot of use continuously were Pinus densiflora, Pinus strobus and Taxus cuspidata. The species that increase use were Abies holophylla and Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Pinus parviflora, Juniperus chinensis, Pinus koraiensis and Thuja orientalis. The species that do not use were Cedrus deodara. Species of deciduous tree were increased 42 to 68. The species that a lot of use continuously were Zelkova serrata, Acer palmatum, Diospyros kaki, Prunus armeniaca and Prunus yedoensis. The species that increase use were Lagerstroemia indica, Chionanthus retusa, Cornus officinalis, Styrax japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunus mume, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Acer triflorum, Prunus sargentii, Chaenomeles sinensis and Cornus kousa. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Malus spp., Ginkgo biloba, Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis, Platanus orientalis and Albizzia julibrissin. The species that do not use were Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer saccharinum, Ailanthus altissima and Paulownia coreana. Species of shrub were incresed 39 to 65. The species that a lot of use continuously were Buxus koreana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii for. albiflorum, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Syringa dilatata and Euonymus japonica. The species that increase use were Rhododendron indicum, Ilex serrata, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Kerria japonica, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Euonymus alatus, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Nandina domestica, Cornus alba, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata, Prunus tomentosa, Deutzia parviflora and Pyracantha angustifolia. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Hibiscus syriacus, Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla, Chaenomeles lagenaria and Rosa spp. The species that do not use were Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Jasminum nudiflorum and Sasa borealis.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.91-103
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• 1994

The floristic characteristics and ecological conservation measures for the plant resources of the Tokyusan National Park. Chollapuk-do, Korea were discussed. The field works was done for three times in nine major areas from April to July, 1993. The total number of vascular plants in this area were summarized as 97 families, 297 genera, 469 species and 541 kinds. The nineteen kinds of artificially planted, twelve kinds of Korean endemics and sixteen kinds of Korean rare and endangered species in the area were revised and compiled in the list. The flora of the area were categorized into the Southern part of the Korean Region, where the species such as Quercus serrata. Fraxinus sieboldiana, Ilex macropoda, Lindera erythrocarpa, Lindera glauca, Rubus coreanus, Taxus cuspidata, Cephalotaxus koreana and Abies koreana were roled as major floristic components in the Korean Region and endemized in the southern part of Korea. The natural communities such as Adonis amurensis Community, Taxus cuspidata Community, Betula ermanii Community, Hemerocalis spp. Community, Rhododendron tschnoskii Community, Rhododendron schlippenbachii Community, Disporum ovale Community, Tricyrtis dilatata Community, and present natural distribution of Abies koreana, and swamp vegetation in Tumunsan areas, as well as upland grassland at the summit of Hyangchokpong were represented for their floristic values in the area. The fifteen kinds of medicinal plants such as Gastrodia elata, seven kinds of ornamental plants such as Adonis amurensis, and thirteen kinds of edible plants such as Ligularia fischeri are faced potentially in endangered from the outrageous collections by the local peoples. The Action Plan for the conservation management of the area which enables sustainable use by the local peoples must be established in the near future.