• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2021

The taste-active and nutritional components of Thai native, broilers, black-boned, and spent hen chickens were analyzed. The amounts of tasty amino acids especially glutamic acid were the highest in Thai native chicken. The black-boned chicken had the highest arginine content, related to the least amount of consumer satisfaction. Concerning nutritional quality, choline, and taurine were deemed important for brain function. The black-boned chicken showed the highest choline and taurine contents, unlike that of the spent hens. In contrast, broilers presented the highest betaine content, which might be attributed to their lipid metabolism. L-carnitine content was abundant in black-boned and Thai native chickens. Moreover, the amounts of essential amino acids were high in Thai native chicken. In conclusion, black-boned chicken proved to be an excellent nutritional source for health-conscience consumers, whereas the Thai native chickens were flavourful and delicious.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.65-83
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• 1978

This study was attempted to evaluate the taste of broiled-dried sea mussel which is a traditional dried Sea food in Korea. The contents of such compounds as free amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds, TMAO, betaine, and nonvolatile organic acids were analysed. From the results of analysis of nucleotides, the contents of AMP and ADP in broiled-dried Mytilus coruscus and Mytilus edulis appeared higher than other nucleotides and tended to increase slightly after cooking, drying, and storage which might be due to both their stability and the addition of degradation of nucleic acids during cooking. In the free amino acid composition of fresh samples abundant amino were taurine, glycine, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, threonine, tyrosine, lysine and valine in order. Such amino acids as histidine, leucine, methionine and isoleucine were poor and both proline and phenylalanine were merely trace. The free amino acid composition in the extract of Mytilus corucus and Mytilus edulis after broil-drying was not changed. These amino acids, taurine, glycine, feline, glutamic acid, alanine and arginine were abundant in dried samples as well as in the fresh. The total free amino acid was greatly reduced after cooking and drying ranging from $76.3\%$ to $79.7\%$ loss to that of tile fresh. The content of betaine shelved the same tendency as in total free amino acid while TMA slightly increased relating to TMAO decrease during broil-frying. Such nonvolatile organic acids as succinic, lactic, malic and fumaric acid were abundant in both fresh and broiled-dried samples whereas oxalic and pyruvic acid were poor. It is found that the taste compounds of broiled-dried Mytilus coruscus and Mytilus edulis were composed of amino acids as glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid, arginine, and betaine, TMAO, ADP, AMP, and organic acids such as succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid and fumaric acid. No significant differences in the taste compounds between male and female as well as between Mytilus coruscus and Mytilus edulis was not observed.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.85-96
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• 1990

Globefish, Fugu xanthopterus, known to have a severe toxin, is one of the favorite food in Korea and Japan when the toxic part is removed. In this paper, the effect of cooking on the composition of nitrogenous components in the extractives from globefish cooked investigated and the changes of the taste compounds originated from the nitrogenous components in the extractives were discussed. When the sample fish was analysed for general composition, drip amount and pH by the different methods of thawing, the method effective method was the running water thawing. Total nitrogen content in raw globefish and the frozen globefish was not different, and the nitrogen content was increased with the heat treatment. It seemed that the nitrogen content was higher in the extract from the boiled globefish than that of the steamed globefish. Taurine, lysine, glycine and alanine were occupied about 70% of the total free amino acids. Total free amino acid content was higher in the extracts from the frozen sample than those from the raw sample. The amount of free amino acids was increased when the globefish soup cooked under the direct-heat cooking than in the microwave oven-heat cooking. Among nucleotides in the extracts from the thawed and cooked fishes, IMP and inosine contents were increased, and the both components were decreased with the heating time and by the heating method. Tne content of total creatinine-nitrogen were 50% of the total nitrogen content of the extracts, but the concentration of glycinebetaine, TMA and TMAO were only a few amounts. It could be concluded that total creatinine components, including free amino acids such as taurine, lysine, glycine and alanine, and IMP might be the important components contributing to the taste of the cooked globefish.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1993

In order to examine food components of coho salmon and rainbow-trout, We analyzed the composition of protein, amino acids and total lipids. The coho salmon muscle contained about 19.3% of protein with the composition of 29.9% in sarcoplasmic protein, 56.3oA in myofibrillar protein 12.5% alkali soluble protein and 2.6% in stroma. Those of rainbow-trout contained 34.1%, 56.4%, 8.3% and 2.9%, respectively. The sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein were composed of 13 subunits in coho salmon, and 16 and 15 subunits in rainbow-trout. Judging from the contents of essential amino acids, both muscle proteins were complete proteins. The most remarkable feature of free amino acids was that a large amount of dipeptide anserine was present with fairly lower levels of 1 methyl histidine, taurine, histidine, alanine and glycine in both muscle extracts. The total fatty acids of coho salmon was composed of 31.49% polyenes, 43.79% monoenes and 24.73% saturates. The composition of total fatty acid of coho salmon muscle was not different from that of rainbow-trout muscle.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.66-71
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• 1981

굴의 주요구성분인 글리코겐과 단백질의 굴젓갈 숙성중의 분해과정과 분해생성물 상호간의 관계를 알아보기 위하여, 글리코겐의 분해생성물인 유리환원당과 젓산의 생성 유리아미노산과 단백질 구성아미노산의 젓갈 숙성 전후의 구성변화 및 유리환원당과 유리아미노산간의 첫갈숙성조건에서의 반응성의 지표로서 유효성라이신의 양의변화 등을 분석 검토하였다. 글젓갈 숙성중 글리코겐과 단백질은 분해생성물인 유리환원당과 젓산, 그리고 유리아미노산에로 분해하여 갔으며, 유효성라이신의 양은 미미하게 감소하였다. 단백질을 구성하는 아미노산의 구성을 분석한 결과, 생굴 단백질 구성아미노산중에는 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, proline이 많았으며, tryptophan과 methionine, histidine 및 tyrosine은 적게 함유되어 있었다. 굴젓갈 단백질 구성아미노산중에는 생굴단백질 구성아미노산중 valine과 histdine isoleucine 및 lysine이 감소된 것이 주목을 끌었다. 유리아미노산의 구성을 보면 생굴중에는 proline, taurine, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine이 특히 함유되어 있었으며, 이들 아미노산의 전체 생굴 유리아미노산에 대한 비율은 약 $69\%$에 달하였다. 그리고 젓갈중에는 proline, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, aspartic acid 및 lysine이 많이 함유되어 있었으며, 이들 유리아미노산은 전체 굴 젓갈 유리아미노산의 약 $65\%$에 달하였다. 굴젓갈 숙성중에 증가한 유리아미노산은lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, cysteine, isoleucine, tyrosine등을, 그리고 감소한 아미노산은 taurine, proline, leucine등을 들 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

제주도산 돼지의 품질 특성을 알아보기 위하여 생체중 90∼100 kg(JJ90) 및 110∼120 kg(JJ110)의 일반돼지와 생체중 90∼100 kg(JB90)의 개량 흑돼지 등심에 대한 구성 아미노산과 유리 아미노산 함량, pH, 보수력, 경도, 씹힘성, 색도 및 기호도를 평가하였다. 구성 아미노산 총량은 18.15∼20.22%로 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 모두 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine 및 leucine이 많이 함유되어 있었다. 유리아미노산 총량은 JB90이 0.891%로 JJ90과 JJ110보다 많았으며, taurine, serine, glycine, alanine, valine과 leucine이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 적색도 및 황색도는 JB90이 JJ90과 JJ110보다 유의적으로 높았다. 보수력, 경도, 씹힘성, 다즙성 및 종합적인 기호도는 JJ90보다 JJ110과 JB90이 우수하였으나 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.549-556
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• 1993

코끼리조개를 fast foods의 원료로 이용하기 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 물리적 성상, 유리 및 구성 아미노산의 함량, 핵산관련물질, 월별 성분변화 및 냉동기간중의 선도변화를 측정 하였다. 3년생과 5년생의 경우 내장을 제거한 가식부의 수율은 각각 29.92, $38.04\%$이었다. 7월에 채취한 코끼리조개의 유리아미노산중 taurine함량이 가장 높았으며 Gly, Ala 및 Glu 함량도 비교적 높게 나타났다. 구성아미노산에 있어서는 Glu 함량이 가장 높았고 그 다음으로는 Ala이었다. 필수아미노산으로는 Leu과 Lys의 함량이 비교적 높았다. 월별 성분변화에 있어서 수분, 단백질은 3월, 4월에 가장 높았으며 지방과 글리코겐은 7월에 가장 높았다. 핵산관련물질중 5'-GMP의 량은 4월에 채취된 시료보다 7월에 채취된 것에서 더 높게 나타났다. 냉동저장중 VBN, TMA, $NH_2-N$의 함량변화에 있어서는 $95^{\circ}$에서 2분간 열처리한 시료는 열처리하지 않은 시료에 비하여 증가율이 낮았기 때문에 열처리조작이 선도유지에 효과적이었으며 냉동저장중 총 creatine함량의 변화에 있어서는 열처리 조작의 영향은 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1058-1067
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• 2000

In this study, eel, puffer and snake head fish, which are widely taken and highly valued for processing into baked fish, soup or fish juice were studied by classifying them into wild fish and cultured fish, and evaluated in terms of taste. The samples were gathered in the area including Kimhae, Samchonpo and Haman in Kyungsangnam-do, Kangsu-Gu in Pusan and Bukcheju-Gun in Cheju-do. Proximate compositions, the content of nucleotides and their related compounds, total and free amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids of the fishes were analysed. Generally, as for the compositions, wild fish had a higher crude fat content and a lower moisture content as compared with cultured fish, while there was no great difference between them in terms of crude protein and ash contents. Nucleotides and their related compounds including ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, HxR, Hx were detected, and the amounts of which were nearly the same with respect to the growth conditions. IMP content was high in all of the samples, while ATP content was extremely low. Total 17 amino acids were detected from the samples, and most of the samples had high contents of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, glycine, alanine and arginine, and low contents of cystein, isoleucine and methionine. As for the other amino acids, generally same level of contents were detected for each samples. In cases of eel and snake head fish, the wild fish had higher total amino acid contents in comparison with cultured fish. And the result to the contrary was obtained for the case of puffer. Sample fishes had nearly the same compose distribution of free amino acid though the contents of which were a little different according to the samples. Each sample had high contents of taurine, hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, glycine, cystathionine, ${\beta}-aminoisobutyric$ acid and lysine. Total organic acid contents of cultured fish was higher than that of wild fish. All fishes commonly had high contents of lactic acid, iso-valeric acid, oxalic acid and fumaric acid. High levels of $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1},\;C_{18:1(cis)},\;C_{18:3},\;and\;C_{22:6}$ were shown in all of the samples and ${\omega}-3$ polyunsaturated fatty acid content of cultured fish was higher than that of wild fish, and as for the essential fatty acid, wild fish has higher content in comparison with cultured fish.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2013

Laver, a red algae belonging to the genus Porphyra, is one of the most widely consumed edible seaweeds. The most popular commercial dried laver species, P. tenera and P. haitanensis, were collected from Korea and China, respectively, and evaluated for proximate composition, amino acids, minerals, trace heavy metals, and color. The moisture and ash contents of P. tenera and P. haitanensis ranged from 3.66~6.74% and 8.78~9.07%, respectively; crude lipid and protein contents were 1.96~2.25% and 32.16~36.88%, respectively. Dried lavers were found to be a good source of amino acids, such as asparagine, isoleucine, leucine, and taurine, and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid. K, Ca, Mg, Na, P, I, Fe, and Se minerals were selected for analysis. A clear regional variation existed in the amino acid, mineral, and trace metal contents of lavers. Regular consumption of lavers may have heath benefits because they are relatively low in fat and high in protein, and contain functional amino acids and minerals.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.330-339
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• 1993

향미의 손상과 변색 등 가공적성상의 결함을 극복한 가공품의 개발이 아직 없는 우렁쉥이 이용을 위하여, 우렁쉥이 젓갈에 대한 고유한 색과 풍미를 안정화할 수 있는 식염농도, 숙성온도 및 첨가효소의 영향 등 숙성조건의 최적화를 검토하였다. 1. Bromelain, papain, ficin을 사용하여 아미노질소, 관능적 품질평가 등으로 그 영향을 검토한 결과 $0.05\%{\sim}0.1\%$ papain의 첨가가 가장 좋았다. 2. Papain과 protease-A(복합효소)를 $0.1\%$ 첨가하여 $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 5일간 숙성중 아미노질소, 휘발성염기질소, 관능검사 실험 결과 papain은 2일, protease-A는 1일 숙성하는 것이 가장 좋았다. 3. 저온숙성($5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)중 아미노질소는 숙성 20 일경에 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 특히 단일효소인 papain보다는 복합효소제인 protease-A가 아미노질소값이 월등히 높았다. VBN은 papain이나 protease-A를 첨가한 경우 식염 $5\%$의 경우 숙성 30일경에, 식염 $10\%$의 경우는 35일경에, 식염 $15\%$의 경우는 45일경에 $30{\sim}40mg/100g$을 나타내었다. 4. 저온숙성중 total creatinine의 변화는 숙성 20일까지 서서히 증가한 후 감소 경향을 나타내었으며 식염농도가 높을수록 그리고 protease-A보다는 control이나 papain을 첨가한 경우가 증가폭은 작았다. Total carotenoid는 점차 감소하는 경향이었다. 특히 저농도의 식염보다는 고농도때가, 첨가효소별로는 control이나 papain보다는 protease-A가 감소폭이 컸다. Glycogen은 점차 감소하는 경향이었고 특히 protease-A를 첨가한 경우가 감소폭이 컸다. 5. 저온숙성중 원료 우렁쉥이의 아미노산 조성은 taurine, aspartic acid, histidine, lysine, alanine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, serine의 순서로 함량이 많았으며 이 중에서 taurine 및 aspartic acid가 각각 $27.8\%,\;22.5\%$를 차지하였다. 20일 숙성 후의 유리아미노산 조성은 taurine이 가장 많았고 proline, alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, valine 순이었다. 6. 저온숙성중 관능검사 결과 $0.1\%$ papain과 protease-A에 식염 $5\%$를 첨가한 경우 숙성 30일경부터, $10\%$와 $15\%$의 경우는 35일 및 45일부터 우렁쉥이 특유의 상큼한 향기가 소실됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 우렁쉥이육을 숙성시킬 목적으로 사용한 효소첨가 실험결과, 단일효소로는 papain을 $0.1\%$첨가한 시험구가 우수하였는데 상온($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)은숙성 2일경, 저온($5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)은 숙성 20일경이 최적숙성기간이었으며, 복합효소인 protease-A를 첨가한 시험구에서도 앞의 papain과 유사하게 protease-A $0.1\%$ 첨가구에서 상온($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), 저온($5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)각각 1일 및 20일경이 최적숙성기간으로 생각되었다.