• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.660-667
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• 2000

Previous studies on the effect of age on intestinal taurine transport in animals have invariably shown a decline in the activity of the transport system with increasing age. In the present study changes in taurine transporter activity were observed during cell differentiation in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29 This cell line exhibits various enterocytic characteristics when differentiated and therefore has frequently been used to study the characteristcs and regulation of nutrient and drug absorption in the small intestine at the cellular level. Pre-treatment of the cells with $\beta$-alanine(10mM) reduced the taurine transport activity to 33% of the value for the control cells(p<0.05) which implies that taurine and $\beta$-alanine share a common $\beta$-amino acid transport system for their celluar uptake in the HI-29 was continued until 21 days post seeding. Kinetic studies of the taurine transporter were conducted in the HT-29 cell line with varying taurine concentration(5-60$\mu$M) in the uptake medium Both Vmax and the Michaelis-Menten constant(Km) of taurine transporter were decreased as differentiation of the HT-29 cell line was progressed ; Vmax of the taurine transporter in cells incubated for 4, 14 and 21 days post seeding was 2.79$\pm$3.4m 16.89$\pm$1.74, and 0.85$\pm$0.08 and 0.32$\pm$0.01nmol.mg protein-1 .30min-1 respectively(p<0.001) and Km was 42.3$\pm$3.4, 16.89$\pm$1.74, and 11.2$\pm$3.0$\mu$M respectively (p<0.01) These results indicate that the activity of sodium dependent active taurine transport system in the HT-29 cell line is decreased as confluent cells are differentiated. This phenomenon in cell culture system corresponds well with the earlier observation of lower intestinal taurine transport activity in suckling rats compared to that in adult animals although direct relationship of cell differentiation with in vivo aging process needs further verification.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권5호
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• pp.537-546
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• 1997

It has been postulated that the intracellular taurine is co-transported with $Na^+$down a concentration gradient and prevents the intracellular accumulation of sodium. It is therefore, expected that an elevated level of intracellular taurine prevents the sodium-promoted calcium influx to protect the cellular damages associated with sodium and calcium overload. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of intra- and extracellular taurine on the myocardial $Na^+$and$Ca^{++}$ contents and the cardiac functions in isolated rat hearts which were loaded with sodium by monensin, a $Na^+-ionophore$. Monensin caused a dose-dependent increase in intracellular $Na^+$ accompanied with a subsequent increase in intracellular $Ca^{++}$ and a mechanical dysfunction. In this monensin-treated heart, myocardial taurine content was decreased with a concomittent increase in the release of taurine. The monensin-induced increases in intracellular $Na^+$, $Ca^{++}$ and depression of cardiac function were prevented in the hearts of which taurine content had been increased by high-taurine diet. Conversely, in the hearts of which taurine concentration gradient had been decreased by addition of taurine in the perfusate, the monensin-induced increases in $Na^+$, $Ca^{++}$ and functional depression were accelerated. These results suggest that taurine, depending on the intra-extracellular concentration gradient, can affect intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations, and that an increased intracellular taurine may play a role in protection of myocardial dysfunction associated with the sodium and calcium overload.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.622-629
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• 2010

The effects of dietary supplementation of feather meal (FM) and pyridoxine ($B_6$) on the taurine content of egg yolk and performance of laying hens were investigated. A feeding trial was conducted in nine hundred 31-wk-old $Hy-Line^{\circledR}$ Brown layers over 4 wk. The hens received 6 dietary treatments: Control, FM 3% supplemented diet (FM 3%), FM 3%+$B_6$ supplemented diet (FM 3%+$B_6$), FM 6% supplemented diet (FM 6%), FM 6%+$B_6$ supplemented diet (FM 6%+$B_6$), and synthetic taurine 0.25% supplemented diet (Taurine). Parameters of production were significantly (p<0.05) affected by treatments. The egg production of hens fed FM 3% was the highest and hens fed FM diets were more productive than the Taurine and Control groups. The egg weights of the Taurine group were significantly lower than those of the FM 3% and FM 6% groups, but not significantly different from those of other treatments. The feed intake of the Control group was highest among all groups. The feed conversion ratio of the Control group was higher than in groups receiving other treatments of which FM 6% was the lowest. The broken egg production of the Taurine group was highest, while that of the Control group was lowest among treatments. The taurine content of egg yolk was significantly (p<0.01) increased by supplementation of taurine (64.7%), FM 6%+$B_6$ (57%), FM 3%+$B_6$ (32.1%), and FM 6% (16.6%) over a 4 wk average. Sensory evaluation data of the Taurine group showed the highest score in all of the sensory attributes and those of other treatments were not significantly (p<0.05) different. In conclusion, taurine can be enriched in egg yolk by supplementation of 6% FM and $B_6$, as well as 0.25% synthetic taurine.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2008

Taurine supplementation has been shown to have an effect on lowering blood lipids in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. It therefore seemed desirable to find out whether the beneficial effect of taurine on OVX rats fed calcium-deficient diet could also be reproduced. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. One group was OVX and the other group received a sham operation (Sham). Each rat group was further divided into the control diet and the taurine supplemented (2.0g/100g diet) diet group. All rats were fed on calcium-deficient diet and deionized water ad libitum for 6 weeks. Plasma and liver lipids were determined by using commercial kits. LDL-cholesterol concentrations were estimated with the equation of Friedewald et al. (1972). There were no significant differences in body weight gain and food intake between the control and taurine group within Sham and OVX groups, but body weight gain, food intake, and food efficiency ratio was higher in the OVX group. Concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in the taurine fed group of OVX rats fed Ca deficient diet, while HDL-cholesterol concentration was increased in the taurine fed group. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether taurine also prevented hypercholesterolemia induced by ovarian hormone deficiency in ovariectomized rats when they were fed a calcium-deficient diet. These results indicate that taurine may have some beneficial effects on hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in OVX rats fed calcium-deficient diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1132-1139
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• 1997

The effect of dietary taurine supplementation on plasma and hepatic lipid concentrations were evaluated in rats fed one of the following two cholesterol-free diets for 5 weeks ; a control diet(CD : cholesterol -free and taurine -fee diet) and a taurine supplemented diet(TSD : CD + 1.5% taurine). There were no significant differences in liver weight and cummulative body weight gains between the groups at the end of the experimental period .However, the liver weight to body weight ratio was significantly decreased (p<0.05) by dietary taurine supplementation. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol , LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly reduced(37%, 26% and 53% respectively) in rats fed TSD compared to those fed CD. There were no significant differences in plasma free fatty acid and total phospolipid levels between the two groups. Feeding TSD to the rats significantly reduced their hepatic triglyceride concentration(43% decrease , p<0.001) but elevated their hepatic free fatty acid level(77% increase, p<0.001) as compared to the control rats. Liver cholesterol concentration was not significantly influenced by the dietary taurine supplementation. Dietary taurine supplementation significantly reduced the percentage of phosphatidylcholine and phosp-atidylethanolamine, but elevated the prospholipids in the liver homogenates as compared to the values for the CD rats. These results suggest the possible roles of taurine as a hypochlesterolmic and hypotriglyceride agent in rats fed a cholesterol-free diets.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.109-109
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• 2003

Taurine is present in a variety of tissue and exhibits many important physiological functions in many tissues. Although it is known that many tissues mediate taurine transport, its functions of taurine transport in bone have not been identified yet. In the present study, we investigated the expression of taurine transporter (TauT) and taurine uptake using mouse stromal ST2 cells and osteoblast-like MC3T3-El cells, which is bone related cells. Detection of TauT mRNA expression in these cells were performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The activity of TauT was assessed by measuring the uptake of ［$^3$H］taurine in the presence or absence of inhibitors. TauT mRNA was detected in these cells. ［$^3$H］Taurine uptake was dependent upon the presence of extracellular sodium, chloride and calcium ions, and inhibited by cold-taurine and ${\beta}$-alanine. These results suggest that taurine has biological functions in bone and some effect on the bone cells.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.616-618
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 효과적으로 이용하지 못하는 굴박신액에서 이온교환 크로마토그라피로 taurine의 분리하고자 하였다. Dowex 50W $H^+$형과 Dowex 2 OH 형으로 처리한 용출액 중 흡광도가 높게 나타난 획분을 Amberite IRA-410 $OH^-$형에 다시 용출시켜 taurine을 흡착시킨 후 흡착한 taurine을 0.1M acetic acid로 용출시키면 수율과 순도가 84.8%와 94.9%인 taurine을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2010

Taurine, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is an abundant free amino acid present in brain cells and exerts many important biological functions such as anti-convulsant, modulation of neuronal excitability, regulation of learning and memory, anti-aggressiveness and anti-alcoholic effects. In the present study, we investigated to explore whether taurine has any protective actions against oxidative stress-induced damages in neuronal cells. ERK I/II regulates signaling pathways involved in nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and plays a role in the regulation of cell growth, and apoptosis. We have found that taurine significantly inhibited AMPA induced cortical depolarization in the Grease Gap assays using rat cortical slices. Taurine also inhibited AMPA-induced neuronal cell damage in MTT assays in the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. When the neuronal cells were treated with $H_2O_2$, levels of NO were increased; however, taurine pretreatment decreased the NO production induced by $H_2O_2$ to approximately normal levels. Interestingly, taurine treatment stimulated ERK I/II activity in the presence of AMPA or $H_2O_2$, suggesting the potential role of ERK I/II in the neuroprotection of taurine. Taken together, taurine has significant neuroprotective actions against AMPA or $H_2O_2$ induced damages in neuronal cells, possibly via activation of ERK I/II.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.43-46
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• 1999

Taurine is known to suppress oxidant-induced tissue injury by stabilizing biomembrane and scavanging free radicals. The purpose of this study was to determne the antioxidative and antimutabenic acitvities of taurine, ad to compare those acitivities with major antioxidants. For the measurement of antioxidative capacity, 0.05 , 0.1,0.5 and 1.0mg/ml of taurine, L-Ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and BHT (dibuty hydroxiy toluene)were prepared and tested for their ability to donate electrons to DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl). Antimutagenic acitivity was examined using the Ames salmonela test system at concentrations of 600, 900 and 1200ug/ml. Results indicated that taurine possesses electron-donating capacity, however, the degree of donation was very weak compared to the major antioxidants tested. However, taurine was evaluated as a potent mutation suppressor. Antimutagenic capacity was in increasing order BHT>taurine>L-ascorbic acid>alpha-tocopherol at concentrations of 600 and 900ug/ml. There was a dose-dependent increase in antimutabenicity of these compounds , however, antimutagenity of the 900ug taurie/plate was not significantly differently from that of 1200ug taurine/plate. These results indicate that taurine effectively suppresses the mutagenicity of AFB1 without noticeable elelctron donating ability.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of taurine supplementation time on the activity of the enzymes metabolizing lipid peroxide in the liver of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats, Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed the purified diet for 7 weeks. They were supplemented with or without 1% taurine in drinking water before or after STZ injection or during all experimental procedure. In comparison to diabetic group without taurine, glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity was decreased in diabetic group supplemented with taurine before STZ injection, and it was increased in diabetic group supplemented with taurine after STZ injection, but the difference was not significant. Glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity was significantly increased by the injection of STZ. However, the GST activities of diabetic groups exposed to taurine after STZ injection or during all experimental procedure were significantly decreased. Glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activities was significantly decreased by STZ injection. However, only in diabetic group supplemented with taurine before STZ injection, GPx activities was not decreased by the STZ injection. These results suggest that taurine supplementation may change the activities of GSH-related enzymes metabolizing lipid peroxide in the liver of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats and that may be helpful for the prevention of diabetic complication.