• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2012

Objective : Brainstem arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is rare and radiosurgical management is complicated by the sensitivity of the adjacent neurological structures. Complete obliteration of the nidus is not always possible. We describe over 20 years of radiosurgical procedures for brainstem AVMs, focusing on clinical outcomes and radiosurgical techniques. Methods : Between 1992 and 2011, the authors performed gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in 464 cerebral AVMs. Twenty-nine of the 464 patients (6.3%) reviewed had brainstem AVMs. This series included sixteen males and thirteen females with a mean age of 30.7 years (range : 5-71 years). The symptoms that led to diagnoses were as follows : an altered mentality (5 patients, 17.3%), motor weakness (10 patients, 34.5%), cranial nerve symptoms (3 patients, 10.3%), headache (6 patients, 20.7%), dizziness (3 patients, 10.3%), and seizures (2 patients, 6.9%). Two patients had undergone a previous nidus resection, and three patients had undergone a previous embolization. Twenty-four patients underwent only GKRS. With respect to the nidus type and blood flow, the ratio of compact type to diffuse type and high flow to low flow were 17 : 12 and 16 : 13, respectively. In this series, 24 patients (82.8%) had a prior hemorrhage. The mean target volume was 1.7 $cm^3$ (range 0.1-11.3 $cm^3$). The mean maximal and marginal radiation doses were 38.5 Gy (range 28.6-43.6 Gy) and 23.4 Gy (range 18-27 Gy), and the mean isodose profile was 61.3% (range 50-70%). Results : Twenty-four patients had brainstem AVMs and were followed for more than 3 years. Obliteration of the AVMs was eventually documented in 17 patients (70.8%) over a mean follow-up period of 77.5 months (range 36-216 months). With respect to nidus type and blood flow, the obliteration rate of compact types (75%) was higher than that of diffuse types (66.7%), and the obliteration rate of low flow AVMs (76.9%) was higher than that of high flow AVMs (63.6%) (p<0.05). Two patients (6.9%) with three hemorrhagic events suffered a hemorrhage during the follow-up period. The annual bleeding rate of AVM after GKRS was 1.95% per year. No adverse radiation effects or delayed cystic formations were found. Conclusion : GKRS has an important clinical role in treatment of brainstem AVMs, which carry excessive surgical risks. Angiographic features and radiosurgical techniques using a lower maximal dose with higher isodose profiles are important for lesion obliteration and the avoidance of complications.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2006

본 연구는 임산물 가운데 생산과 수출 양면에서 가장 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있는 밤을 대상으로 친환경 밤에 대한 소비자 구입의향 및 행태를 통계학적으로 종합 분석하여 친환경 밤의 소비확대를 도모할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우리나라 소비중심지인 서울(350명)과 수도권의 신도시 일산(150명), 분당(150명) 등 총 650명의 가정주부를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 친환경 밤에 대한 소비촉진 활동은 모든 소비자를 대상으로 하기보다는 일차적으로 대도시에 거주하고 있는 3~4인 가족, 연령층은 30~40대의 젊은 주부계층, 교육 수준은 대졸학력 이상, 윌평균 수입액은 450만원 이상 고소득, 친환경임산물을 구입한 경험이 있는 소비자 등을 특정 표적대상으로 하여 소비확대 방안을 마련하는 것이 효과적이라 할 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 친환경임산물 판매처의 안정적인 확보와 함께 소비자가 인식하고 있는 친환경 밤에 대한 가치와 품질이 가격에 반영되는 가격설정이 필요하다. 이는 본 연구에서 실시한 소비자들의 종합적이며 결집된 지표인 친환경 밤에 대한 지불의사금액을 기초로 가능할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10899-10903
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• 2015

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the benefits of 18F-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FGD-PET/CT) imaging for staging and radiotherapy planning in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing definitive radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven head and neck cancer patients who had undergone definitive radiotherapy and PET/CT at the Uludag University Medical Faculty Department of Radiation Oncology were investigated in order to determine the role of PET/CT in staging and radiotherapy planning. Results: The median age of this patient group of 32 males and 5 females was 57 years (13-84years). The stage remained the same in 18 cases, decreased in 5 cases and increased in 14 cases with PET/CT imaging. Total gross tumor volume (GTV) determined by CT (GTVCT-Total) was increased in 32 cases (86.5%) when compared to total GTV determined by PET/CT (GTVPET/CT-Total). The GTV of the primary tumor determined by PET/CT (GTVPET/CT) was larger in 3 cases and smaller in 34 cases compared to that determined by CT (GTVCT). The GTV of lymph nodes determined by PET/CT (GTVLNPET/CT) was larger in 20 cases (54%) and smaller in 12 cases (32.5%) when compared to GTV values determined by CT (GTVLNCT). No pathological lymph nodes were observed in the remaining five cases with both CT and PET/CT. Conclusions: We can conclude that PET/CT can significantly affect both pretreatment staging and assessed target tumor volume in patients with head and neck cancer. We therefore recommend examining such cases with PEC/CT before treatment.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2011

본 연구는 노년인구의 증가에 따른 치아상실로 매년 증가하고 있는 임플란트 치료에 있어 대상 환자가 치료를 결정하는데 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하여 긍정적인 인식 전환과 임상적 기준 마련에 관한 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 2010년 7월부터 약 3개월간 서울시와 경기도 소재의 13개 치과 의료기관의 환자 217명을 대상으로 임플란트 치료군과 비치료군으로 구분하여 설문조사를 시행하였다. 임플란트 치료군은 50대(30.3%)가, 비치료군은 20대(35.7%)가 가장 높았고, 치료군 환자의 구강관리가 양호하였으며, 긍정적인 태도를 보였다. 다중로지스틱 회귀분석으로 분석한 결과, 임플란트 치료결정에 영향을 미치는 요인은 연령, 성별, 교육기간, 월 소득, 치주조직상태, 정기검진여부, 상담태도, 병원신뢰도 등으로 나타났다. 따라서 예방적 차원의 정기적인 구강검진과 관리의 필요성에 대한 교육 및 홍보가 필요하며, 임플란트 치료결정에 긍정적인 인식을 가질 수 있도록 의료진의 상담 기술을 키우고 병원의 신뢰도 향상을 위한 다각도의 노력이 필요하다. 아울러 임플란트 치료 결정에 환자의 막연한 주관적 판단보다는 결정을 용이하게 할 수 있는 명확한 임상적 기준 마련이 필요하며, 비용 부담없이 임플란트 치료를 받을 수 있도록 정부 차원의 재정적 지원이나 정책적인 대안이 요구된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

This study aims to present the ground for the introduction of energy-saving landscape facilities which can meet the requirements of the age and create a new space by introducing the facilities which saves energy and that users prefer at the space where urbanites enjoy leisure activities in the urban parks. Thus, in addition to a spatial analysis of the parks for 10 urban parks in Gimpo, through an attitude survey on the users' behaviors, the following conclusions were drawn out. First, as a result of putting all facilities in the urban parks in Gimpo, on average, 6.9 out of the standards of 9 (76.6%) have been installed, and as a result of an analysis on the total number of the installed facilities, on average, about 28 kinds of facilities have been installed, so only 22.4% of the total 125 facilities were installed. Second, many urbanites are using the parks for the purpose of taking a walk and exercise to improve their health; however, the legal standards regulate only 2.9 exercise facilities on average in the target area, which are somewhat insufficient. Third, regarding the citizens' intent to participate in responding to climate change, 76% of them showed their intention of participation. Thus, if the energy-saving facilities, the purpose of this study, are introduced, many users will use them, and it is judged that costs for existing street lights and electric power plants will decrease. Fourth, as a result of an analysis of their satisfaction with the facilities, the value of R-square meaning the explanatory power of the independent variables put in a linear model for dependent variables was 0.860, approximately 81% of the total satisfaction, which was a high explanatory power. This study conducted an attitude survey on the users of urban parks in Gimpo at the dimensions of the introduction of energy-saving facilities in the urban parks, the national policies and responses to climate change. It is significant that it identified the appropriateness of developing much more energy-saving landscape facilities needed for low-carbon green growth in various types, and as a subsequent project, a more precision study on this is necessary continuously.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the patterns of recurrence in patients with neuroblastoma treated with radiation therapy to the primary tumor site. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with high-risk neuroblastoma managed with definitive treatment with radiation therapy to the primary tumor site between January 2003 and June 2017. These patients underwent three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy or intensity-modulated radiation therapy. A total of 14-36 Gy was delivered to the planning target volume, which included the primary tumor bed and the selected metastatic site. The disease stage was determined according to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS). We evaluated the recurrence pattern (i.e., local or systemic), progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results: A total of 40 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma were included in this study. The median patient age was 4 years (range, 1 to 11 years). Thirty patients (75%) had INSS stage 4 neuroblastoma. At the median follow-up of 58 months, there were 6 cases of local recurrence and 10 cases of systemic recurrence. Among the 6 local failure cases, 4 relapsed adjacent to the radiation field. The other 2 relapsed in the radiation field (i.e., para-aortic and retroperitoneal areas). The main sites of distant metastasis were the bone, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. The 5-year progression-free survival was 70.9% and the 5-year overall survival was 74.3%. Conclusion: Radiation therapy directed at the primary tumor site provides good local control. It seems to be adequate for disease control in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma after chemotherapy and surgical resection.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.516-520
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• 2011

Osteoporosis is social problem around the world, because fracture of old age may lead to critical medical condition. Osteoclast is a main target for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis due to their responsibility for bone resorption. Saussureae Radix has been known that has gastro-protective, bronchodilatory effect and has a anti-biotic effect. Saussureae Radix has been widely used in Oriental medicine. However, the effect of extract of Saussureae Radix in osteoclast differentiation remains unknown. Thus, we examined the effect of Saussureae Radix in receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}$B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. From the results of our study, Here we found that Saussureae Radix significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL. Saussureae Radix suppressed the activation of NF${\kappa}$B in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) treated with RANKL. Also, Saussureae Radix significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1 and cathepsin K in BMMs treated with RANKL. Particularly, Saussureae Radix greatly inhibited the protein expression of c-fos and NFATc1. especially in the case of NFATc1 expression, a master transcription factor of the differentiation of osteoclasts is very important step for osteoclastogenesis. These results demonstrate that Saussureae Radix may be useful treatment option of bone-related disease such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2015

PURPOSES : Recently, bonded concrete overlay has been used as an alternative solution in concrete pavement rehabilitation since its material properties are similar to those of the existing concrete pavements. Deteriorated concrete pavements need rapid rehabilitation in order to prevent traffic jams on Korean expressways. Moreover, speedy and effective repair methods are required. Therefore, the use of bonded concrete overlay with ultra-rapid hardening cement has increased in an effort to reopen promptly the expressways in Korea. However, mobile mixer is required for ultra-rapid hardening cement concrete mixing in the construction site. The use of mobile mixer causes various disadvantages aforementioned such as limitation of the construction supply, open-air storage of mixing materials, increase in construction cost, and etc. In this study, therefore, hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete produced in concrete plant is attempted in order to avoid the disadvantages of existing bonded concrete overlay method using ultra-rapid hardening cement. METHODS : Bonded concrete overlay materials using ultra-rapid hardening cement should be meet all the requirements including structural characteristics, compatibility, durability for field application. Therefore, This study aimed to evaluate the application of hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete by evaluating structural characteristics, compatibility, durability and economic efficiency for bonded concrete overlay. RESULTS : Test results of structural characteristics showed that the compressive, flexural strength and bond strength were exceed 21MPa, 3.15MPa and 1.4MPa, respectively, which are the target strengths of four hours age for the purpose of prompt traffic reopening. In addition, tests of compatibility, such as drying shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity, and durability (chloride ions penetration resistance, freezing-thawing resistance, scaling resistance, abrasion resistance and crack resistance), showed that the hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete were satisfied the required criteria. CONCLUSIONS : It was known that the hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete overlay method was applicable for bonded concrete overlay and was a good alternative method to substitute the existing bonded concrete overlay method since structural characteristics, compatibility, durability were satisfied the criteria and its economic efficiency was excellent compare to the existing bonded concrete overlay methods.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide some useful references to the educational field in terms of providing on analysis of job characteristics of fashion designers working in the women's wear industries. The data were collected from 102 fashion designers working in women's wear industries through the questionnaire and were analyzed by SPSS packages of frequencies and percentiles for comparative study, and the results are as follows: 1. The demographic characteristics of the fashion designers are; unmarried (80.4%), working less than 2 years (20.2%), completion of junior college(68.6%), majority ages between 20-24 yrs(43.1%). An average length of working in one company war less than 6 months. 2. The ratio computer usage of the design room was approx. 52.0% especially in the management of sales (52.9%) and the ratio in fashion design was approx. 17.6% in merchandising planning. 3. 76.4% of respondents was working 10 hours a day, and 50% of them was dissatisfied on the job caused by excessive working hour (31.4%) and job over load (35.3%). In the developing fashion design with the relation of actual job, insufficient knowledges of the concerned technical and production fields (68.6%) were indicated as the most difficult area. In addition, fashion magazines were considered as the most helpful resource(94.1%). 4. It was noted that the target age groups for the brand were clearly divided into two groups, notably the early and middle of twenties and the early and middle forties. Among the produced items, formal wears were accounted for 52.9%. 5. As far as the contents of job are concerned, the fashion designers are mostly engaged in purchasing textile, collecting informations of fashion, quality control, whereas their actual job is apparel design. 6. The training that the fashion designer received beside formal education includes attendance of private institutes(62.7%), OJT(7.8%), seminars(4.9%). Regarding formal education, the respond indicated that they had least opportunity to received computer training. 7. The necessary subjects in the schools for the fashion designers in relation to the current job were fashion information, merchandising planning, pattern making, cutting, fashion marketing, knowledges of clothing material in sequence. Subjects which are necessary for the further development include pattern making(21.6%), fashion marketing(14.7%), and designing with computer(7.8%).

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2014

목적 : 본 연구는 학교기반 작업치료 중재 및 평가에 관한 근거마련을 위하여 체계적 고찰을 실시하였다. 연구 방법 : 2000년 이후부터 2014년 6월까지 PubMed와 Ovid의 데이터베이스에서 school or children and occupational therapy의 검색용어를 사용하여 검색하여 총 14개의 연구를 선정하였다. 본문을 통해 대상연구의 근거수준, 대상자, 평가도구, 중재영역 및 방법과 효과를 분석하였다. 결과 : 대상자는 정상아동(64.3%)이 가장 많았고, 다음은 자폐(14.4%)이었다. 연령은 6~8세(35.7%)로 가장 많았고, 다음은 5~7세와 5~12세(14.4%)이었다. 중재영역은 글쓰기 및 소근육과 시운동 통합(68.8%)이 가장 많았고, 중재방법은 직접치료(71.4%)가 가장 많았다. 평가도구 분석결과, Beery-Buktenica Test of Visual-Motor Integration (14.9%)가 가장 많았고, 다음은 Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (11.1%)이었다. 학교기반 작업치료의 중재효과에 대한 분석 결과, 시운동 통합, 학습 기술, 참여 수준, 소근육 운동, 놀이, 행동적 문제에서 효과가 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 학교기반 작업치료의 중재, 대상자, 평가도구 및 효과에 대한 근거를 마련하였다. 이는 학교 기반 작업치료 임상과 연구의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.