• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.302-307
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• 2002

In end milling process, the undeformed chip section area and cutting forces vary periodically with phase change of the tool. However, the real undeformed chip section area deviates from the geometrically ideal one owing to cutter runout and tool shape error. In this study, a method of estimating the real undeformed chip section area which reflects cutter runout and tool shape error was presented during up-end milling of Inconel 718 using measured cutting forces. The specific cutting resistance, K. and $K_t$ are defined as the radial and tangential cutting forces divided by the modified chip section area. Both of $K_r$, and $K_t$ values become smaller as the helix angle increases from $30^\circ$ to $40^\circ$ Whereas they become larder as the helix angle increases from $40^\circ$ to $50^\circ$. On the other hand, the $K_r$, and $K_t$ values show a tendency to decrease with increase of the modified chip section area and this tendency becomes distinct with smaller helix angle.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2002

In an end milling process, the undeformed chip section area and cutting forces vary periodically with the phase change of the tool. However, the real undeformed chip section area deviates from the geometrically ideal one owing to the cutter runout and tool shape error. In the current study, a method of estimating the real undeformed chip section area which reflects the cutter runout and tool shape error is presented during up-end milling processes of Inconel 718. The specific cutting forces, $K_r$ and $K_t$ are defined as the radial and tangential cutting forces divided by the modified chip section area, respectively. Both of the $K_{r}$ and $K_t$ values become smaller as the helix angle increases from $30^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$. Whereas they become larger as the helix angle increases from $40^{\circ}$ to $50^{\circ}$. The $K_r$ and $K_t$ values show a tendency to decrease with increase of the modified chip section area.a.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.26-36
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• 1994

The comparative wood anatomy of 1 species belonging to genus Myrica of Myricaceae, 9 species to genus Populus and 8 species to genus Salix of Salcaceae, occurring in Korea, was described and coded according to IAWA list(Wheeler, 1989). Myrica rubra. of Myricaceae is a typical diffuse-porous wood with numerous vessels per $mm^2$ and its pores are mainly angular in outline. Vessels scalariform perforation plates with a few bars, very small inter vessel pits; axial parenchyma abundant, diffuse or diffuse-in-aggregates which is distinct and easily observed on cross section; rays 1-3 seriate, Kribs' heterogeneous I or II types, frequently contains rhomboidal crystals; Dark pigmented substances included in some rays and axial parenchyma. Salicaceae, a typical diffuse porous wood, has mainly radial pore multiple, large intervessel pits, distinct alternate pits, simple perforation plates, ray-vessel pits with circular large pits, uniseriate rays, marginal parenchyma composed of 1-2 layers. In some species, ray parenchyma contain crystals. Populus and Salix wood can be distinguished from one another by the following characters. Pores of Populus woods almost angular in outline. Uniseriate homogeneous rays slightly higher than Salix and long linear on tangential section. Whereas Salix woods appear the pores almost oval, uniseriate heterogeneous rays, which are smular narrow fusiform on tangential section and lower in height than Populus.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.421-445
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• 2010

In this paper the formulation of an efficient frame element applicable for nonlinear analysis of 3D reinforced concrete (RC) frames is outlined. Interaction between axial force and bending moment is considered by using the fibre element approach. Further, section warping, effect of normal and tangential forces on the torsional stiffness of section and second order geometrical nonlinearities are included in the model. The developed computer code is employed for nonlinear static analysis of RC sub-assemblages and a simple approach for extending the formulation to dynamic cases is presented. Dynamic progressive collapse assessment of RC space frames based on the alternate path method is undertaken and dynamic load factor (DLF) is estimated. Further, it is concluded that the torsional behaviour of reinforced concrete elements satisfying minimum standard requirements is not significant for the framed structures studied.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2022

This research investigates a rotary disk with variable cross-section and incompressible hyperelastic material with functionally graded properties in large hyperelastic deformations. For this purpose, a power relation has been used to express the changes in cross-section and properties of hyperelastic material. So that (m) represents the changes in cross-section and (n) represents the manner of changes in material properties. The constants used for hyperelastic material have been obtained from experimental data. The obtained equations have been solved for different m, n, and (angular velocity) values, and the values of radial stresses, tangential stresses, and elongation have been compared. The results show that m and n have a significant impact on disk behavior, so the expected behavior of the disk can be obtained by an optimal selection of these two parameters.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.308-313
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• 2002

In end milling process, the undeformed chip section area and cutting forces vary periodically with phase change of the tool. However, the real undeformed chip section area deviates from the geometrically ideal one owing to cutter runout and tool shape error. In this study, a method of estimating the real undeformed chip section area which reflects cutter runout and tool shape error was presented during down end-milling of Inconel 715 using measure cutting forces. Contrary to the up-end milling the value of radial specific cutting resistance, $K_r$, becomes larger as the helix angle increases from $30^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$ and it shows almost same value at $50^{\circ}$ The value of tangential specific cutting resistance, $K_t$ becomes larger as the helix angle increases same as in up-end milling, the $KK_r$, and $K_t$ values show a tendency to decrease with increase of the modified chip section area and this tendency is distinct with helix angle $40^{\circ}$.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.303-309
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• 1984

Radiation therapy(RT) has been used in the treatment of breast cancer for over 80years. Technically, it should include a part or all of such areas as chest wall or breast, axilla, internal mammary nodes (IM) and supraclavicular nodes (SCL). Authors tried three-field technique for the treatment of breast cancer using 6-MV linear accelerator, exclusively the department of radiology. Kang-Nam St. Mary's Hospital, at Catholic Medical College. The field junction was checked by a Phantom study and radiation doses measured by film densitometry and TLD. The 3 fields we used in this study were two isocentric opposing tangential fields encompassing the breast, chest wall and occasionally IM and one single anterior field encompassing the axilla and SCL. sing appropriate beam blocks and boluses, we were able to avoid unwanted intrinsic divergency of photon beam. Blocking also enabled us to set-up precise radiation field with ease.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2018

This study suggests the tangent modulus $E_t$ associated with partially yielded section of steel member under axially compressed. The provisions for column strength does not provide a information about failure mode of structural system. So, designers can not evaluate that a failure comes from member buckling or material yielding. The material of the axially compressed column under inelastic behavior reaches yielding point before the axial force renders the column bent. If axial members yields not by buckling effect but gradually yielding effect of material, the design code should accept related tangent modulus Et which is based on gradual yielding effect of material. This study provides the new effective tangent modulus $E_t$ derived in the case that residual stress is 30 percent and 50 percent of yielding stress respectively. The study considers idealized I section of steel which ignores web and general I section of steel with web respectively and makes conclude that tangent modulus $E_t$ with idealized I section of steel is rational.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2020

아름다움을 추구하려는 외모의 중대성이 부각됨에 따라 모발 염색을 포함한 미용 산업의 시장규모도 점점 커지고 있다. 헤어살롱에서 보편적으로 사용되는 산화염모제를 지속적으로 시술할 경우 모발 손상은 피할 수 없게 되므로 중명도 산화염모제를 시술한 모발의 형태학적 변화에 관하여 연구하였다. 실험결과 control과 6N-7N 실험군 간에 Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress, Break elongation, strain 구간에 따른 Max. modulus 및 Tangential modulus는 유의적인 차이를 보였다. Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress 및 Break elongation은 모두 대조군이 가장 높은 값으로 나타났으며, 실험군의 처리에 따른 유의적으로 감소하는 경향은 보이지 않았다. strain 평가구간에 따른 Max. modulus와 Tangential modulus는 대조군과 실험군 간에 차이가 있음에도 일정하게 증가하거나 감소하는 경향이 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 모발손상을 최소화하는 산화염모제 개발 연구의 기초자료 제공 및 헤어디자이너들의 산화염모제와 모발 건강과의 상관관계 이해를 위한 초석을 다지고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2009

국내산 밤나무 목재의 효율적 이용을 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 밤나무 7품종(단택, 이취, 이평, 만성, 은기, 유마, 축파)의 목재 해부학적 특성의 방사방향 변이성을 조사하였다. 즉, 횡단면에서 도관요소의 방사 및 접선 직경, 개수 및 방사조직 밀도를 그리고 접선단면에서 방사조직 높이 및 개수를 광학현미경법으로 측정하였다. 밤나무 7품종 목재에 있어 조재 도관요소의 방사 직경이 접선 직경보다 더 컸으며, 방사 및 접선 직경은 수령 증가에 따라 점차 증가하는 경향이 보였다. 단위 면적 당 도관요소의 개수는 수령 증가에 따라 점차 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 방사조직 밀도는 수령 증가에 따른 증감의 변화 없이 거의 일정하였다. 방사조직의 개수는 수령 증가에 따라 점차 증가하는 경향이 있었고, 이와 대조적으로 방사조직의 높이는 낮아지는 경향이 나타났다. 방사조직의 높이가 높을수록 단위 면적($mm^2$) 당 방사조직 개수는 감소하고 방사조직의 높이가 낮을수록 방사조직 개수는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 방사조직 밀도를 제외한 도관요소 및 방사조직 특성들은 밤나무의 성숙재와 미성숙재를 판단하는 지표로 사용될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 밤나무의 품종별 구분이 가능할 것으로 생각되었다.