• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2018

The emergence of tall buildings in the late $19^{th}$ century was possible by using new materials and separating the role of structures and that of non-structural walls from the traditional load-bearing walls that acted as both. The role of structures is more important in tall buildings than in any other building type due to the "premium for height". Among the walls freed from their structural roles, façades are of conspicuous importance as building identifiers, significant definers of building aesthetics, and environmental mediators. This paper studies dynamic interrelationship between the evolution of tall building structural systems and façade design, beginning from the early tall buildings of skeletal structures with primitive curtainwalls to the recent supertall buildings of various tubular and outrigger structures with more advanced contemporary curtainwalls.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2020

"A practical architect might not unnaturally conceive the idea of erecting a vast edifice whose frame should be entirely of iron, and clothing the frame--preserving it--by means of a casing of stone…that shell must be regarded only as an envelope, having no function other than supporting itself..." --Viollet-le-Duc, 1868. Viollet-le-Duc's recipe for an encased iron frame foresaw the separation of structural and enclosing functions into discrete systems. This separation is an essential characteristic of skyscrapers today, but at the time of his writing cast iron's brittle nature meant that iron frames could not, on their own, resist lateral forces in tall structures. Instead, tall buildings had to be braced with masonry shear walls, which often also served as environmental enclosure. The commercial availability of steel after the 1880s allowed for self-braced metal frames while parallel advances in glass and terra cotta allowed exterior walls to achieve vanishingly thin proportions. Two Chicago buildings by D.H. Burnham & Co. were the first to match a frame "entirely of iron" with an "envelope" supporting only itself. The Reliance Building (1895) was the first of these, but the Fisher Building (1896) more fully exploited this new constructive typology, eschewing brick entirely, to become the first "building without walls," a break with millennia of tall construction reliant upon masonry

• 콘크리트학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 1995

본 연구에서는 콘크리트 압축강도($f_x$)$704kg/cm^2$, 철근 항복강도 ($f_y$) $5,830kg/cm^2$인 고강도 철근 콘크리트 고층형 내력벽에 있어서 휨항복 후 축응력에 따른 비탄성 이력특성을 규명하기 위하여 60층 철근콘크리트 초고층 건축물의 최저층부 3개층을 1/4크기로 축소 모델링한 3층 1스팬의 바벨형(barbell shape)독립 내력벽 실험체 3개를 제작하여 실험을 실시하였다. 본 실험의 주요변수는 내력벽 경계부재(boundary element)에 작용된 축응력으로 본 실험 연구결과에 대한 분석으로부터 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 형상비 1.8인 고강도 철근콘크리트 고층형 내력벽은 경계부재에 작용된 축응력이 본 연구범위인 0.21$f_x$의 높은 축응력하에서도 수직철근의 휨항복이 선행되면서 연성적인 거동을 보였으며, 각 실험체별로 작용된 축응력에 따라 상이한 파괴양상 및 이력특성을 나타냈다. 각 실험체는 연성비(${\delta}/{\delta}_y$)13에서 15사이에 휨압축부 경계부재 및 벽체 콘크리트의 압괴와 주근 파단 등에 의해서 최종 파괴되었다. 그러나, 모든 실험체는 실험종료시까지 축력이 충분히 지지되는 휨항복형의 안정된 비탄성 이력거동을 보였다. 경계부재에 작용된 축응력이 본 연구범위인 0.21$f_x$이내인 경우, 축응력은 내력벽의 횡하중 지지능력, 초기 할선강성 및 에너지 소산능력 등을 증대시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 고강도 철근콘크리트 고층형 내력벽의 휭항복 후 경계부재에 작용된 축응력에 따른 내진성능을 평가하기 위하여 연성, 에너지, 일 및 강성 등의 개념을 도입한 손상지표(damage index) 로써 각 실험체의 내진성능을 평가한 결과, 경계부재에 작용된 측응력이 본 연구범위인 0.21$f_x$이내에서 축응력이 증가됨에 따라 고강도 철근콘크리트 고층형 내력벽의 내진성능은 다소 저하되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.695-712
• /
• 2005

Hybrid coupled shear walls in tall buildings are known as efficient structural systems to provide lateral resistance to wind and seismic loads. Multiple hybrid coupled shear walls throughout a tall building should be joined to provide additional coupling action to resist overturning moments caused by the lateral loading. This can be done using a coupling beam which connects two shear walls. In this study, experimental studies on the hybrid coupled shear wall were carried out. The main test variables were the ratios of coupling beam strength to connection strength. Finally, this paper provides background for rational design guidelines that include a design model to behave efficiently hybrid coupled shear walls.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 2014

The tall building and super tall building has been a common building type in China, with multiple functions and complex geometry. Composite construction is broadly used in tall building structures and constitutes the mixed structure together with concrete and steel constructions. The mixture of the constructions is purposely designed for specific area based on the analysis results to achieve the best cost-effectiveness. New types of composite construction are conceived of by engineers for columns and walls. Material distribution is more flexible and innovative in the structural level and member level. However the reliability of computer model analysis should be verified carefully. Further researches in the design and build of composite construction are necessary to ensure the success of its application. Composite or Mixture Index is suggested to be used as a performance benchmark.

• 콘크리트학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.90-100
• /
• 1995

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.453-462
• /
• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 초고층건물의 횡강성 증가요인 효과를 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 초기 구조설계에서 활용할 수 있는 횡강성 증가율 예측값을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 먼저 Box형과 T형의 전형적인 평면을 갖는 60층의 초고층건물 기본모델을 생성하였다. 그리고 초고층건물의 횡강성 증가요인으로서 아웃리거의 추가, 재료강도의 증가, 코어 벽체 단면크기의 증가, 아웃리거 연결기둥 및 아웃리거 벽체의 단면크기 증가를 선정하였다. 다음에는 이 요인들을 기본모델에 적용하여 구조해석을 수행하고, 그 결과로부터 각 요인이 횡강성 증가에 미치는 영향과 상호관계 등을 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 이 분석결과를 바탕으로 초고층건물의 초기 구조설계를 위한 횡강성 증가요인별 강성증가율 예측값을 제안하였으며, 예제 초고층건물에 적용하여 그 타당성을 검토하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.515-530
• /
• 2021

In a tall reinforced concrete (RC) core wall system subjected to strong ground motions, inelastic behavior near the base as well as mid-height of the wall is possible. Generally, the formation of plastic hinge in a core wall system may lead to extensive damage and significant repairing cost. A new configuration of core structures consisting of buckling restrained braced frames (BRBFs) and RC walls is an interesting idea in tall building seismic design. This concept can be used in the plan configuration of tall core wall systems. In this study, tall buildings with different configurations of combined core systems were designed and analyzed. Nonlinear time history analysis at severe earthquake level was performed and the results were compared for different configurations. The results demonstrate that using enough BRBFs can reduce the large curvature ductility demand at the base and mid-height of RC core wall systems and also can reduce the maximum inter-story drift ratio. For a better investigation of the structural behavior, the probabilistic approach can lead to in-depth insight. Therefore, incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) curves were calculated to assess the performance. Fragility curves at different limit states were then extracted and compared. Mean IDA curves demonstrate better behavior for a combined system, compared with conventional RC core wall systems. Collapse margin ratio for a RC core wall only system and RC core with enough BRBFs were almost 1.05 and 1.92 respectively. Therefore, it appears that using one RC core wall combined with enough BRBF core is an effective idea to achieve more confidence against tall building collapse and the results demonstrated the potential of the proposed system.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.285-296
• /
• 2017

It's been a decade since post-tension system began to be applied in earnest to buildings in Korea. In the meantime, post-tension system has been used in various buildings as main structural system including tall buildings. And post-tension system plays a role to overcome architectural limit of regular RC tall buildings particularly in the realization of long span with shallower depth than other structural system. The post-tensioned building market of Korea has been steadily grown in recent years with such advantage. Recently, post-tension technology is adapted for special structural members like belt walls. In this paper, the authors would like to explain design and construction of tall buildings in Korea using post-tension technology.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2016

The structural efficiency of tall buildings heavily depends on the lateral stiffness and resistance capacity. Among those structural systems for tall buildings, outrigger system is one of the most common and efficient systems especially for those with relatively regular floor plan. The use of outriggers in building structures can be traced back from early 50 from the concept of deep beams. With the rise of building height, deep beams become concrete walls or now in a form of at least one story high steel truss type of outriggers. Because of the widened choice in material to be adopted in outriggers, the form and even the objective of using outrigger system is also changing. In the past, outrigger systems is only used to provide additional stiffness to reduce drift and deflection. New applications for outrigger systems now move to provide additional damping to reduce wind load and acceleration, and also could be used as structural fuse to protect the building under a severe earthquake condition. Besides analysis and member design, construction issue of outrigger systems is somehow cannot be separated. Axial shortening effect between core and perimeter structure is unavoidable. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on the outrigger system in tall buildings including development history and applications of outrigger systems in tall buildings. The concept of outrigger system, optimum topology, and design and construction consideration will also be discussed and presented.