• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2011

Tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix Scop.) is resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses through a symbiotic relationship with Neotyphodium coenophialum. However, this endophyte has been considered detrimental since it produces toxic alkaloids to animals. It is vital to understand mutuality between these two to maximize positive impact of the endophyte on agri-ecosystem. Little research has been conducted on endophyte transmission mechanism in planta. To provide basic information related to endophyte transmission, an experiment was conducted to examine the effect of endophyte genotype and water stress on endophyte transmission by imposing soil moisture deficits at different stages of panicle development. There was water stress effect on endophyte frequency but not on concentration, whereas endophyte genotype significantly influenced endophyte concentration in pseudostem of tall fescue at boot stage. Reproductive tillers showed greater endophyte frequency and concentration. Endophyte frequency in florets or seeds depended on position within panicle. There was no drought effect on endophyte concentration, but showed the effect of endophyte genotype on endophyte concentration in florets and seeds. Overall endophyte concentration in seeds was higher. From this study, we may conclude that although water stress reduced endophyte frequency in vegetative tiller, water stress does not have effect on endophyte transmission, suggesting that drought is not an important factor controlling the endophyte transmission from plant to seed. Endophyte genotype and seed position in a panicle affected endophyte transmission, indicating that these two factors are involved in endophyte transmission and may determine seed transmission of endophyte in tall fescue.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.109-112
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• 1987

tall fescue의 밀도변화에 미치는 토양경화는 공극율의 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 1. 토양경화에 따라서 토양경도와 용적중은 증가되었다. (Table 1). 2. 10kg 처리구(토양경도 2.5kg/$\textrm{cm}^3$)의 밀도가 타처리구보다 유의하게 높았다. (Table 2, Fig. 1). 3. 토양공성율과 밀도와는 상관계수가 0.9804로써 1%수준의 정상란이 인정되었다. 4. 경화된 토양에서는 공성율이 37.5% 이상일 때 높은 밀도를 나타내었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2003

본 연구는 기호성이 높으며 여름철 고온에 강한 새로운 tall fescue 품종을 구명하기 위해 초지조성 후 5년째인 1997년 방목기간 동안에 북제주군 한림읍 이시돌 목장에서 홀스타인 육성우(방목개시시 체중 110kg 내외)를 이용하여 구당 250$m^2$(50mx50m)의 면적에서 2처리(T1 = Fawn tall fescue + orchardgrass + perennial ryegrass + white clover, T2 = Roa tall fescue ) orchardgrass + perennial ryegrass + white clover) 3반복으로 시험 설계되었다. 방목은 연속방목(3월 22 일∼7월 5일 )과 윤환 방목(7월 21일∼9월 21일)으로 나누어 실시되었다. 두 가지 톨 페스큐 품종 Fawn(Endophyte infected)과 Roa(Endophyte free) 간의 초장은 연속방목시 각각 19.10$\pm$1.29cm와 13.61$\pm$0.97cm 를 보였고 윤환방목시 각 각 14.24$\pm$2.55cm와 10.90$\pm$1.88cm로서 Fawn 품종구가 Roa 품종구보다 유의적 증가를 보였다(P<0.01). 목초 잔존초의 건물수량도 Fawn 11,830 kg/ha, Roa 7,896 kg/ha 로서 tall fescue Fawn이 높은 수량을 보였으며 고도의 유의차를 얻었다(P < 0.01). 시험 처리한 품종 Fawn과 Roa 간 톨 페스큐의 식생구성율 비교에서 3월 22일 시험 개시시만 제외하고 6월 21일, 7월 20일 및 9월 21일에 모두 Roa 보 Faw 구에서 높은 경향이었다. 또한 Roa tall fescue는 방목종료시 orchardgras 보다 높은 식생구성율을 보이고 있고 혼파초지 에서 오차드그라스의 비율을 이는 데 도움되는 경향이 있다. 전 방목기간 중 Roa 구의 CP 함량은 Fawn구 보다 높았으나 통계적으로 유의적 차이를 얻지는 못 했다. 결론적으로 초지조성 5년이 경과되어 tall fescue 비율이 점차 증가되므로 endophyte variety Fawn 보다 endophyte free Roa 구에서 목초생 산량은 저하되었으나 오차드그라스에 비하여 제주지역의 고온환경에 강한 경향을 보인다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2003

본 시험은 초지를 상번초형 및 상+하번초형으로 혼파조합하여 조성하였을 때 목초의 건물수량, 품질 및 식생구성에 미치는 영향을 비교하고자 1999년 9철부터 2002년 12월까지 충남대학교 농업생명과학대학내 부속 초지시험포장에서 수행하였다. 공시된 혼파초지는 상번초형 혼파초지{orchardgrass, Potomac 40+tall fescue, Fawn 20+Festulolium braunii, Paulita 10+perennial ryegrass, Reveille 10+timothy, Climax 10+ red clover, Kenblue 5+ alfalfa, Vernal 5%)와 상ㆍ하번초형 혼파초지(orchardgrass, Potomac 40+tall fescue, Fawn 20+Kentucky bluegrass, New port(turf type) 10+redtop, Barricuda(turf type) 10+perennial ryegrass, Palmer III(turf type) 10+red fescue, Flyer II(turf type) 5+white clover, Regal 5%}의 두 처리를 두어 시험하였으며, 얻어진 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 3년 평균 건물수량은 상ㆍ하번초형 혼파초지가 13,732kg/ha으로 상번초형 혼파초지의 13,117kg/ha 보다 약간 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 2) 상번초형 혼파초지와 상ㆍ하번초형 혼파초지간에 화학적 성분의 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 상번초형 혼파초지에서는 cellulose와 lignin 함량이 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 한편, 건물소화율은 상ㆍ하번초형 혼파초지에서 다소 높은 결과를 보였다(p < 0.05). 3) 3년 평균 조단백질 건물수량은 두 처리간 차이가 인정되지 않았으나, 가소화건물수량은 상ㆍ하번초형 혼파초지가 10,670kg/ha으로 상번초형 혼파초지의 가소화건물수량 9,955kg/ha에 비하여 높은 결과를 가져왔다(p < 0.05). 4) 연차가 경과함에 따라 상번초형 혼파초지에서 식생을 높게 유지한 초종은 tall fescue, alfalfa 및 orchardgrass 등이었으며 timothy는 없어진 반면에, 상ㆍ하번초형 혼파초지에서는 white clover, tall fescue 및 orchardgrass 등의 식생비율이 높았으며, redtop, red fescue와 같은 하번초 초종의 식생도 비교적 고르게 유지되었다. 따라서, 상번초형 혼파초지에 비하여 상ㆍ하번초형 혼파초지는 목초의 건물수량과 품질에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였으나, 건물소화율 및 가소화건물수량이 높았고(p < 0.05), 연중 고르게 식생을 유지할 수 있었던 것으로 보아 생장습성이 다른 초종을 다양하게 혼파 이용하는 것도 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2001

In an effort to optimize tissue culture responses of tall fescue, the effects of basic medium and carbon sources on seed culturability and genotypic difference of plant regenerability were investigated. The MS basal medium was superior to $N_{5}$ 6/ and $B_{medium}$ in enhancing callus growth and plant regeneration. To determine the effect of carbon sources on plant regeneration, the seeds were cultured on medium with 30 g/L sucrose and maltose, respectively. Medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose resulted in regeneration of shoots from 50% of the calli. The genotypic difference in plant regenerability was obvious among five cultivars of tall fescue tested. \\`KY31\\` and \\`Hokuryo\\` showed to have higher regenerability with the frequency of 33% and 51%, respectively.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 1987

Effect of Rolling factor on the growth and thatch accumulation in tall fescue was studied from the viewpoint of estimate the rolling factor to obtain the highest values of growth characters and analysis of thatch accumulation. Rolling factors were 1.82, 3.33, 4.29 and 4.85, respectively. The results are may he summarized as follows ; 1. Rolling factor was affected to obstructive on the growth of tall fescue. Thus, the rolling factor ( RF) had significant negative correlated with the dry weight of plant ( DW ), leaf weight (LW), stem weight (SW), dry weight of thatch (Th), number of tillers (NT) and C / F ratio. 2. Rolling factor of 1.82 was an adequate rolling factor for the growth. 3. The dry weight of thatch(Th) had significant positive correlated with DW, LW, and NT, but negative correlated with the dry weight of thatch per a tiller ( th / NT). 4. Thatch accumulation system can be shown in following diagram. yield compnents - DW ~ Th - Rf (LW, SW, NT, C/F) th/NT 5. The dry weight of thatch per a tiller(th / NT) was a concerning factor for the losses of thatch.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2003

본 시험은 2000년 4월부터 8월까지 충남대학교 생명과학대학내 부속 실험축사에서 수행하였다. 시험에 공시된 목초는 1999년에 경운초지 조성방법으로 조성된 상번초형 혼파초지(tall type mixtures, 파종비율: orchardgrass, Potomac 40+ tall fescue, Fawn 20+ Festulolium braunii, Paulita 10 + perennial ryegrass, Reveille 10+timothy Climax 10+red clover, Kenblue 5+alfalfa, Vernal 5%)와 상ㆍ하번초형 혼파초지{tall+short type mixtures, 파종비율: orchardgrass, Potomac 40+tall fescue, Fawn 20+Kentucky bluegrass, New port(turf type) 10+ redtop, Barricuda(turf type) 10+perennial ryegrass, Palmer III (turf type) 10+red fescue, Flyer II(turf type) 5+white clover, Regal 5%}에서 수확된 1번초(2000년 4월 22일)로 한국재래산양을 이용하여 초지 혼파유형에 따른 목초의 이용성을 비교분석하기 위하여 시험을 실시하였고 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 1일 체중 kg당 건물섭취량은 상ㆍ하번초형 혼파초지가 28.6g으로 상번초형 혼파초지의 27.9g에 비하여 다소 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 건물, cellular constituent, NDF 및 ADF 소화을은 상ㆍ하번초형 혼파초지가 상번 초형 혼파초지에 비하여 역시 높은 편이었으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 2) 체내에 축적된 질소율(외관상의 생물가)은 상ㆍ하번초형 혼과초지가 54.5%으로 상번초형 혼파초지의 53.7%보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 3) 외관상 대사에너지의 축적률은 상ㆍ하번 초형 혼파초지가 59.4%으로 상번초형 혼파초지의 58.2%보다 약간 높은 편이었으나 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 따라서, 산양에 의한 목초의 이용성은 두 혼파 초지간에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나, 혼파초지내 turf type 초류도 사초자원으로써 이용가치가 있다고 하겠다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

In vitro culture and radiation techniques were used for obtaining mutants tin tall fescue. Endophyte free and friendly tall fescue cultivars Kentucky-31 and Jesup were used for induction of genetic variability through in-vitro mutagenesis. Mature seeds was used for callus induction on 6 mg/L 2,4-D. Actively growing and compact callus was treated with three different doses of gamma rays (10 Gy, 30 Gy and 50 Gy). Maximum proliferation and plantlets regeneration growth was observed in control and minimum at 10 Gy. Furthermore, the maximum number of tiller in the irradiated population was observed in 10 Gy. The treatments 30 Gy and 50 Gy exhibited negative impact on the tillering potential of the tall fescue plant. The object of this study was to develop protocols for mutation breeding in tall fescue through radiation techniques.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2014

A new tall fescue variety (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) named Greenmaster and Purumi were. In this study, we evaluated the seed production of new tall fescue domestic varieties were cultivated in Korea. Agronomic aspects of tall fescue domestic varieties were determined using seed production and forage nutritive value of straw at the National Institute of Animal Science from 2013 to 2014. The heading date according to the varieties displayed differences and domestic varieties showed enhanced disease resistance. The harvested seed yields of Greenmaster was 35% higher as 1,664 kg/ha and it's also yield of straw higher than that of Fawn. However, the nutritive value of both varieties was similar. The dry matter yield of Pumumi was 25% higher as 11,080 kg/ha. Accordingly, developed a new variety of domestic tall fescue with excellent environmental adaptability, aiming to make contribution to the vitalization of the Korean grassland industry.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the reproduction efficiency and disease of Holstein heifer grazed on mixed pasture desighed with association of tall fescue and white clover cultivar (3 treatments = TI : Tall fescue Fawn + White clover Regal + Orchardgrass + Perennial ryegrass, T2 : Tall fescue Roa + Ladino clover Regal + Orchardgrass + Perennial ryegrass, T3 : Tall fescue Roa + White clover Tahora + Orchardgrass + Perennial ryegrass) on reproduction efficiency and disease in Holstein heifers, ftom April 1994 to November 1996. The results are as follows: 1. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin and packed cell volume of hematological values were $8.12\times10^6/{\mu}\ell, 9.9g/m\ell and 30.6m\ell/100m\ell$ respectively. While those were decreased to $4.84~5.93 \times10^6/{\mu}\ell, 7.0~7.8g/100m\ell and 22.8~28.3m\ell/100m\ell$, on pastuage (May-August), WBC counts was increased from $14.4\times10^3/{\mu}\ell to 14.0~18.3 \times 10^{3/\mu\ell}$ on pasturage. No significant differences were detected among the treatments on pastures. 2. Parasitemia levels increased to $14.0\pm8.2$(parasite/1,000rbc) at 1 month after pasturage. 3. At the occurrence of tirst estrus and conception, the average age of the Holstein heifers was $14.3\pm1.9$ and $17.4\pm1.5$ months, respectively, and the average interval of estrus cycle was $20.6\pm1.0$ days. Howerer, there was no significant difference on reproductive efficiency among 3 treatments. 4. The outbreak of diseases were tick bane disease, pink eye, pneumonia, mastitis, gastroentitis, waterpoisoning ringworm papillon and atosis during pasturage period(may-october). These diseases were showed no significant difference among 3 treatments. 5. In conclusion, there are no significant difference on the reproductive effeciency and disease outbreak among three treatments.