• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Purpose : This study was conducted for the purpose of finding out of effects Eating training on patients with swallowing disorder caused by stroke to their swallowing functions. Method : 29 subjects were selected and the divided into two groups. Group 1 is consist of 14 patients under eating training group and Group 2 is consist of 15 patients each group has five times per week. 30 minuted per time covering 12-week period. Selected patients can swallow them selves without aspiration and basically eating trainings involve Thermal Tactile Stimulation(TTS), Shaker exercise, tongue movements, laryngeal mobilization exercise. MASA(The Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability)and VFSS(Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study) was carried out to find out effects of training. And We use FDS(Functional Dysphagia Scale) for VFSS to more objective score. Result : Through the results of this study was increase in Eating performance skill actual eating training group than the practiceless group. Therefore, the actual eating training is to improve the swallowing function and It will be useful in clinical intervention for stroke patients. Conclusion : Through the results of this study was increase in Eating performance skill actual eating training group than the practice less group. Therefore, the actual eating training is to improve the swallowing function and It will be useful in clinical intervention for stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

Background: The purpose is to investigate the immediate effects of kinesio taping on quadriceps induced fatigue by short-term squat. Methods: This research is cross-over designed study and conducted as a single-blind. Eleven students (Age: $18.91{\pm}0.49yrs$, height: $167.09{\pm}8.46cm$, $62.55{\pm}11.32kg$) were participated in this study. All the participants were applied short-term squat for inducing fatigue, and then intervented all three conditions (kinesio taping applied condition, placebo taping applied condition, non-taping applied condition). The interval of each intervention was at least a seven days to prevent carry-over effects. The participants were tested peak torque (isometric contracture) and active joint position sense (active JPS) pre-post intervention. A paired t-test was used to find the significance of pre-post intervention results and one-way ANOVA was used to find the significance between interventions with significant level as .05. Results: Peak torque was significantly increased on KT condition (p<.05). But there were no significant effects on active JPS. Because kinesio taping facilitates Ia afferent by tactile stimulation with stretched skin, reduced muscle power by short term squat which induce muscle fatigue was increased. But kinesio taping does not affect mechanoreceptor in muscles, induced active JPS by short-term squat had no changes.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation of the subjective and the objective evaluation of edentulous ridge bone quality, and to evaluate the change of the dental implant stability in each bone density group for early healing period after implant installation. Methods: Sixty-seven implants(Osstem implant$^{(R)}$, Seoul, Korea) were included in this study. We evaluated the bone density by 2 methods. The one was the subjective method which was determined by practitioner s tactile sense, the other was the objective bone type was based on Hounsfield units. The implant stability in each bone type group was assessed by resonance frequency analyzer(Osstell mentor$^{(R)}$). Data were analyzed for the change of the implant stability, and they were compared to verify the difference of groups at the time of installation, 2, 6, 10, 14 weeks postoperatively. Spearman's correlation was used to demonstrate the correlation between the subjective and the objective evaluation of the bone density, and analysis of variance(ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences of implant stability at each time point. Results: There was no close relation between the subjective and the objective evaluation of the bone density(r=0.57). In the subjective groups, there was statistically significant difference between the type 1 and 3 at 10 weeks and between the type 2 and 3 at 14 weeks. In the objective groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the D 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 group with regard to RFA from baseline to 14 weeks(P>0.1). Conclusions: The implant stability increased over time during the study, and it was improved with bone density proportionally after 2weeks postoperatively. It is recommended that the decision of bone density is base on Hounsfield unit for implant loading time.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2014

In this study, the effect of the automotive haptic-seat technology which can transmit the driving information by the vibro-stimulus from the seat was investigated to overcome previous system's limitation relied on the visual and audial method and to help handicap driving. A prototype haptic seat cover with 30 coin-type motors and driver module were developed for this sake. In an experiment of seat vibration stimulation being performed under virtual driving situation by targeting the elderly aged over 65 years old, average score of test subjects for total vibration recognition was 3.5/4 points and recognition rate of 87.5% was represented. In addition, a result that all the test subjects totally recognized overspeed warning signal of 4 times was represented. As a result of statistical analysis for vibration recognition score by each group depending on TMT score, a significant difference was not found and a result that tactile function of which vibration is recognized even by the aged whose visual, perceptional function is declined showed an equal ability was obtained.. In this study it was shown that the seat vibration stimulus could be used to transfer the old drivers' information while driving.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.81-91
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• 1998

The subjects in this research were 368 girls in high school for survey, and wearing sensation and physiological responses were investigated through wearing trials on human body in climatic chamber based on these results from the survey. The results are as follows : 1. They enjoyed wearing t-shirts, jackets, vests, and blouses in order for the upper clothes, and they preferred t-shirts to blouses. For the lower clothes, they enjoyed slacks much more than skirts. The weight of clothes was significantly heavier in the group where they wore the uniforms(U-group) than in the group where they wore the free styles(F-group). When they chose the school wear, activity was the most important of all, and the maintenance was the least. 2. As the classes were a little cool and dry, most of them dissatisfied the environment. The degree of the satisfaction of the class environment and properties to it were higher in the U-group than in F-group. 3. In the textiles, colors, styles, activity, static electricity, seasonal property, and easiness of putting on and taking off the clothes, F-group was more satisfied than U-group. U-group was more satisfied than F-group in the soil of the clothes. 4. The thermal comfort, thickness, and tightness of the clothes were not significantly different between the groups. The clothes of U-group was heavier than those of F-group, and the tactile sensation in U-group was worse than F-group. In U-group the students felt the skirts very inconvenient when they acted. 5. The weight of the clothes influenced the wearing sensation, therefore the heavier the clothes were the less satisfied they felt. 6. The inside temperature of clothes was significantly higher in U-group than in F-group. The skin temperatures of abdomen and arm were significantly higher in U-group than in F-group, while the skin temperatures of thighs and legs were significantly lower in U-group than in F-group. U-group felt heavier than F-group in wearing the clothes. Therefore the improvement of the clothes weight is needed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.765-780
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• 2012

This study was investigated the clothing microclimate, subjective sensation for the improvement of traditional koran high school student uniform so called "Saenghwal Hanbok". For the purpose, casual hanbok school summer uniforms were made. They were made of 4 different textiles materials - P/R, P100, P/C, P/R/S for blouses, P/W, P100, P/R, P/W/F for skirts. Then their clothing microclimate, subjective sensation were tested at room temperature $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}10%$ R.H. Clothing Microclimates wearing on the blouses were good matched comfort temperature range. Subjective sensations wearing on the blouses were better than those of traditional koran clothes so called "Hanbok" and quite same for western style clothes. Thermal sensations were indicated some hot condition, and moisture sensations were indicated some wet condition but tactile sensations and comfortable sensations were agreeable. The temperatures of the forehead and the breast wearing on the skirts were indicated the same results with the cases of the blouses. Leg temperatures were some lower than the mean skin temperature, the other parts' temperatures were slightly higher than blouses but the mean skin temperatures were satisfied comfortable ranges. Subjective sensations wearing on the skirts were better than those of the other traditional clothes and even Western clothes. Thermal sensations and moisture sensations were resulted the same with the case of blouses. Currently, P/R material and P/W material seemed to be cool and respectively suitable for blouses and skirts in summer among the materials of modernized Korean traditional costumes and school uniforms, since those materials lowered skin temperature. But better, physiologically pleasant materials for summer clothes should be development in consideration of clothing microclimate and subjective sensation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.146-154
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• 2010

Recently 'convergence' and 'communication' have been keywords in many areas. Artists and engineers have begun to communicate each other through collaboration based on new technologies. One of the exemplary technologies of this era of convergence is a technology of fusing five senses used by both Internet Art and industrial technologies such as car navigation systems and the iPhone. Sommerer and Mignonneau's Internet Art $\ll$Riding the Net$\gg$,$\ll$The Living Room$\gg$, and $\ll$The Living Web$\gg$ implement the Internet and the five-sense fusion technology to translate not only sound into visual images but also tactile senses into tempo-spatial representations. Likewise, industrial technologies such as car navigation systems and the iPhone employ the five-sense fusion technology of speech recognition, which leads to the expansion of the realm of senses in technology as seen in Internet Art. As examined in this study, the development of art and technology through their convergence will open up a new dimension of digital art and culture technology industry.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.643-650
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• 2017

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a group of heterogeneous diseases with the common feature of cerebral hypoperfusion. To identify key factors contributing to VaD pathophysiology, we performed a detailed comparison of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats subjected to permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo). Eight-week old male Wistar and SD rats underwent BCCAo, followed by a reference memory test using a five-radial arm maze with tactile cues. Continuous monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was performed with a laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) system. A separate cohort of animals was sacrificed for evaluation of the brain vasculature and white matter damage after BCCAo. We found reference memory impairment in Wistar rats, but not in SD rats. Moreover, our LDPI system revealed that Wistar rats had significant hypoperfusion in the brain region supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Furthermore, Wistar rats showed more profound CBF reduction in the forebrain region than did SD rats. Post-mortem analysis of brain vasculature demonstrated greater PCA plasticity at all time points after BCCAo in Wistar rats. Finally, we confirmed white matter rarefaction that was only observed in Wistar rats. Our studies show a comprehensive and dynamic CBF status after BCCAo in Wistar rats in addition to severe PCA dolichoectasia, which correlated well with white matter lesion and memory decline.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.614-622
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• 1999

Recent studies have implicated that more rostral components of the trigeminal spinal nucleus including subnucleus oralis (Vo) in orofacial nociceptive mechanisms. Since there is only limited electrophysiological evidence, the present study was initiated to characterize the receptive field and response properties of malls nociceptive neurons in chloralose/urethan-anesthetized rats. Single neuronal activity was recorded in right subnucleus oralis, and types of nociceptive neurons classified wide dynamic range (WDR), NS (nociceptive specific) and deep nociceptive (D) and the mechanoreceptive field (RF) and response properties were determined. A total of 34 nociceptive neurons could be subdivided into 17WDR neurons, 12NS neurons and 5D neurons. Vo nociceptive neurons had RF involving maxillary and/or mandibular divisions mainly located in the intraoral and/or perioral regions. Majority of Vo nociceptive neurons showed spontaneous activity less than 1Hz. The NS and D neurons activated only by heavy pressure and/or pinch stimuli had high mechanical thresholds compared to WDR neurons activated also by tactile stimuli. Vo nociceptive neurons showed a progressive increase of response to the graded mechanical stimuli. 39% of Vo nociceptive neurons received C-fiber electrical input as well as A-fiber electrical input from their RF, and 45% of them responded to electrical stimulation of the right maxillary first molar. 41% of Vo nociceptive neurons responded to noxious heat applied to their RF, and 18% of them showed an immediate burst of discharges following MO application to the right maxillary first molar pulp. These results indicate that Vo is involved in the transmission of nociceptive information mainly coming from intraoral or perioral region including tooth pulp.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.77-93
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• 2011

Across the culture of Western Europe, dichotomy based on the visual sense has evolved. They believed eyes and ears requiring a distance related in recognition, are more developed than any other human senses in human body. Dominant position, as a condition to using a perspective, the eye has been just concentrated in the development of optical sight. But developed a variety of modern media, highlighting the importance of the other perception, it makes dichotomy to the expansion of perception over the single function of visuality. Recently, Guille Deleuze and Merleau-Ponty try to recover the sense of tactility segregated in skin from body keeping eyes for distance. By the result, the activity can be happened by being connected to the body rather than to eye in the space between the subject and object. From the phase of recognition where the human body tries to identify the object in the space considering a time, it will be changed for the subject to the phase of structure vice versa. Visual tactility is to eliminate the distance between subject and object. If the visual tactility is to erase the distance different from the visual in dichotomy, it will be occurred to having a tension and makes new relationship to work trying to move the subjective point of view in object. Like this evidence in analysis of architecture, it can be easy to find the Korean architecture rather than western architecture in terms of emphasizing the time and space. The fact, architecture of Lee Dynasty had been preserved and consisted basic form and style over the centuries makes us assume that visual tactility was considered as well as the visual sense. This study will be intensive in terms of visual and tactile inherent in the subject and how it is being connected to the movement in the space and time.