• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.137-156
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• 2008

이 글에서는 20세기 과학철학자 마이클 폴라니 (Michael Polanyi)의 인식론에서 말하는 수학교육의 목적에 대하여 고찰하였다. 폴라니는 학문을 한다는 것은 진리탐구이고, 실재를 추구하는 것이라고 보았다. 또한 그는 소유자가 없는 지식은 존재할 수 없는 것으로 보면서 인간과 지식의 분리를 지양하였다. 그리고 언어로 표현될 수 있는 명시적 지식의 이변에 있는 암묵적 지식을 상정하고, 묵식을 초점식과 보조식의 관계로 설명하였다. 이러한 폴라니의 인식론에서 수학을 가르치고 배우는 일은 아름다움을 추구하는 것으로, 마음의 총체적 작용으로 인한 총체적 변화, 즉 심성함양이다. 수학을 배움으로 심성함양이 이루어지기 위해서는 기존의 수학적 지식 체계를 개인적 지식으로 습득하고, 명시적 수학적 지식 이면에 있는 암묵적 수학적 지식을 획득하여야 한다.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.113-130
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• 2009

수학 문제해결 교육에 가장 많은 영향을 끼친 것은 폴리아(G. Polya)의 이론이다. 폴리아가 제시하는 발견술은 수학 문제해결 과정을 명시적으로 세분화여 드러내고 정리한 것이다. 이와는 달리, 수학 문제해결 과정의 암묵적 차원을 강조하고 있는 폴라니(M. Polanyi)의 이론은 폴리아의 이론과 상보적 관계에 있는 것으로 조명될 필요가 있다. 이 글에서는 폴라니의 인식론을 개관하고, 이를 바탕으로 하는 그의 문제해결 교육 이론을 고찰한다. 지식과 앎을 개인의 마음의 총체적 작용으로 보는 폴라니는 문제해결에 있어서 지적, 정서적 부분과 함께 헌신과 몰두를 강조한다. 또한 명시적 앎 이면에 있는 묵식에 있어서 교사의 역할을 중시한다. 이와 같은 폴라니의 관점은 현재 우리나라 학생들의 수학 문제 해결 양상을 이해하고 문제점을 파악하는 데에도 의미 있는 시사를 제공한다.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-81
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• 2014

우리나라 학생들은 수학의 인지적 영역에서는 높은 성취를 보이지만 정의적 영역에서는 현저히 낮은 성취를 나타내고 있다. 본 논문에서는 수학의 정의적 영역 중 수학의 가치 교육 문제에 대하여 폴라니의 인식론을 바탕으로 논하였다. 폴라니의 인식론에서는 개인적 지식과 지식의 암묵적 차원을 강조한다. 그는 수학의 추상성, 일반성을 강조하였고, 수학의 발전은 공리적, 형식적 측면보다는 지적 아름다움과 열정에 의하여 안내된다고 하였다. 이러한 폴라니의 인식론의 관점에서 볼 때, 수학의 유용성, 실용성 등의 언어적 전달이나 표면적인 흥미 유발을 위한 활동은 본질적으로 가치 교육 및 수학 공부의 내재적 동기 부여에 한계가 있다. 수학 공부의 가치는 적절한 수학 문제에로의 몰입과 긴장, 그리고 문제가 해결되면서 따르는 기쁨, 환희를 맛보며 몸으로 체득하면서 배워야 하는 것이다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.686-693
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• 2022

Construction is a collaborative endeavor. The complexity in delivering construction projects successfully is impacted by the effective collaboration needs of a multitude of stakeholders throughout the project life-cycle. Technologies such as Building Information Modelling and relational project delivery approaches such as Alliancing and Integrated Project Delivery have developed to address this conundrum. However, with the onset of the pandemic, the digital economy has surged world-wide and advances in technology such as in the areas of machine learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have grown deep roots across specializations and domains to the point of matching its capabilities to the human mind. Several recent studies have both explored the role of AI in the construction process and highlighted its benefits. In contrast, literature in the organization studies field has highlighted the fear that tasks currently done by humans will be done by AI in future. Motivated by these insights and with the understanding that construction is a labour intensive sector where knowledge is both fragmented and predominantly tacit in nature, this paper explores the integration of AI in construction processes across project phases from planning, scheduling, execution and maintenance operations using literary evidence and experiential insights. The findings show that AI can complement human skills rather than provide a substitute for them. This preliminary study is expected to be a stepping stone for further research and implementation in practice.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.173-184
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analyse the problems of 'Science Inquiry Experiment Contest(SIEC)' which was one of 8 programs of 'The 2nd Student Science Inquiry Olympic Meet(SSIOM)'. The results and conclusions of this study were as follows: 1. It needs to reconsider the role of practical work within science experiment because practical work skills form one of the mainstays in current science. But the assessment of students' laboratory skills in the contest was made little account of. It is necessary to remind of what it means to be 'good at science'. There are two aspects: knowing and doing. Both are important and, in certain respects, quite distinct. Doing science is more of a craft activity, relying more on craft skill and tacit knowledge than on the conscious application of explicit knowledge. Doing science is also divided into two aspects, 'process' and 'skill' by many science educators. 2. The report's and checklist's assessment items were overlapped. Therefore it was suggested that the checklist assessment items were set limit to the students' acts which can't be found in reports. It is important to identify those activities which produce a permanent assessable product, and those which do not. Skills connected with recording and reporting are likely to produce permanent evidence which can be evaluated after the experiment. Those connected with manipulative skills involving processes are more ephemeral and need to be assessed as they occur. The division of student's experimental skills will contribute to the accurate assess of student's scientific inquiry experimental ability. 3. There was a wide difference among the scores of one participant recorded by three evaluators. This means that there was no concrete discussion among the evaluators before the contest. Despite the items of the checklists were set by preparers of the contest experiments, the concrete discussions before the contest were necessary because students' experimental acts were very diverse. There is a variety of scientific skills. So it is necessary to assess the performance of individual students in a range of skills. But the most of the difficulties in the assessment of skills arise from the interaction between measurement and the use. To overcome the difficulties, not only must the mark needed for each skill be recorded, something which all examination groups obviously need, but also a description of the work that the student did when the skill was assessed must also be given, and not all groups need this. Fuller details must also be available for the purposes of moderation. This is a requirement for all students that there must be provision for samples of any end-product or other tangible form of evidence of candidates' work to be submitted for inspection. This is rather important if one is to be as fair as possible to students because, not only can this work be made available to moderators if necessary, but also it can be used to help in arriving at common standards among several evaluators, and in ensuring consistent standards from one evaluator over the assessment period. This need arises because there are problems associated with assessing different students on the same skill in different activities. 4. Most of the students' reports were assessed intuitively by the evaluators despite the assessment items were established concretely by preparers of the experiment. This result means that the evaluators were new to grasp the essence of the established assessment items of the experiment report and that the students' assessment scores were short of objectivity. Lastly, there are suggestions from the results and the conclusions. The students' experimental acts which were difficult to observe because they occur in a flash and which can be easily imitated should be excluded from the assessment items. Evaluators are likely to miss the time to observe the acts, and the students who are assessed later have more opportunity to practise the skill which is being assessed. It is necessary to be aware of these problems and try to reduce their influence or remove them. The skills and processes analysis has made a very useful checklist for scientific inquiry experiment assessment. But in itself it is of little value. It must be seen alongside the other vital attributes needed in the making of a good scientist, the affective aspects of commitment and confidence, the personal insights which come both through formal and informal learning, and the tacit knowledge that comes through experience, both structured and acquired in play. These four aspects must be continually interacting, in a flexible and individualistic way, throughout the scientific education of students. An increasing ability to be good at science, to be good at doing investigational practical work, will be gained through continually, successively, but often unpredictably, developing more experience, developing more insights, developing more skills, and producing more confidence and commitment.