• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.322-328
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• 2013

In this study, we show the expression and purification of the human recombinant farnesoid X receptor (FXR)- ligand binding domain (LBD) protein in E. coli using a double cistronic vector, pACYCDuet-1, as a soluble form. We describe here the expression and characterization of a biologically active $FXR-LBD_{(248-476)}$. When expressed in the influence of bacterial promoters ($P_{T7}$ and $P_{Tac}$) of the single cistronic expression vectors, the human recombinant $FXR-LBD_{(248-476)}$ was found to be totally insoluble. However, by using a double cistronic expression vector, we were able to obtain the human recombinant $FXR-LBD_{(248-476)}$ in a soluble form. To allow for biological activities, we have subcloned into the pACYCDuet-1 vector, expressed in E. coli cells at some optimized conditions, and purified and characterized the human recombinant active $FXR-LBD_{(248-476)}$ proteins using the fluorescence polarization assay. This suggests that the expression of FXR-LBD in a double cistronic vector improves its solubility and probably assists its correct folding for the biologically active form of the proteins. We suggest that this may represent a new approach to high expression of other nuclear receptors and may be useful as well for other classes of heterodimeric protein partners.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

Purpose: Peripheral neuropathy is common among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who undergo oxaliplatin-based (OXL) chemotherapy. A pharmacogenetic approach can be used to identify patients at high-risk of developing severe neuropathy. This type of approach can also help clinicians determine the best treatment option and prevent severe neurotoxicity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the evidence of pharmacogenetic markers for OXL-induced peripheral neuropathy (OXIPN) in patients with CRC. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the following databases up to December 2017: Pubmed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. We reviewed the genetic risk factors for OXIPN in observational studies and randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). All processes were performed independently by two reviewers. Results: Sixteen studies published in English between 2006 and 2017 were included in this review. A genome-wide association approach was used in one study and various candidate genes were tested, based on their functions (e.g., DNA damage or repair, ion channels, anti-oxidants, and nerve growth etc.). The genes associated with incidence or severity of OXIPN were ABCG2, GSTP1, XRCC1, TAC1, and ERCC1. Conclusion: This study highlighted the need and the importance of conducting pharmacogenetic studies to generate evidence of personalized OXIPN symptoms management. Additional studies are warranted to accelerate the tailored interventions used for OXIPN in patients with CRC (NRF-2014R1A1A3054386).

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to offer policies or laws governing the future of Korean seafood markets in view of societal marketing concept. The environment surrounding those markets is changing quickly and constantly. The proposals in this paper are meant to help the Korean seafood market coping with this swiftly changing environment. This paper sorts this changing environment in terms of institutional side and secio-economical side. The institutional side involves the enforcement of international and domestic seafood trade standards, the increase of seafood importation, the adoption of optional seafood sales system, the openness of distribution market, and the adoption of TAC system. The secio-economical side involves the development of telecommunication and transportation, and the changing of seafood consumption pattern. The forecast about the future of seafood market could be classified into three fields, that is, the production field, the distribution field, and the consumption field of seafood. In the production field of seafood, the stabilization of supply of seafood and the production management oriented seafood market could be forecasted. In the distribution field, the formulating of enforced trade standards, the dispersion of marketing function among fisher, wholesaler and retailer, the development of marketing skills, and the promotion of marketing information system could be forecasted. Finally, in consumption field, the promotion of standardization and diversification, the appearance of intellectual consumers could be forecasted. This paper seeks to offer policies or laws fur the three categories of the seafood market-the government, the fisher, and the distributor-coping with the changing environment on the above three fields, thereby benefiting the consumer's long-term welfare. For the government, this paper suggests the construction of a Seafood Transaction Information Infrastructure, a Seafood Dealer License System, and a Seafood Safety Security System. For the fishers, this paper proposes an Eco-labelling System, a Sustainable Production System, and a Real Naming System in dealing seafood. Finally, for the distributors, this paper offers a Seafood Production Controlling System, a Nature-friendly Marketing System, and a Consumer-oriented Marketing System.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2002

The observer program is being utilized In various fishing areas and fisheries internationally and nationally due to the its expected effectiveness in fisheries management and the collection of bioeconomic data necessary in fisheries management policy. The timely gathered data by observers play substantially a major role in decision-making fisheries policy such as the change in management measures, the application of season closure and area closure and etc. The expected effectiveness of the observer program In fisheries management, generally mentioned, is that it would lead to the increase in stock size from which the level of harvest would consequently increases. This study is aimed to analyze this tentatively expected effectiveness of the observer program in fisheries management. The changes in stock size and the level of harvest over time are analyzed under the observer program assuming the fishermen bear the cost of the observer program by investigating the change in fisherman's fishing activity under the observer program and by combining this changed activity with the biological model. The level of fishing efforts of fishermen was decreased from the results of the increase in fishing cost caused by the observer cost and the decrease in catchable stock size restricted by observers. This reduced level of fishing efforts enables stock size to increase over time and therefore, the expected level of harvest increases as time goes on. Another benefit under the observer program is to reduce management costs from the fact that fishermen are responsible for the cost of the observer program and the avoidance cost of fisherman responding to the fisheries regulation could be eliminated from the surveillance of observer. Therefore, it may possible to accomplish the cost-efficient fisheries management policy.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2003

During the past 100 years, Korean fisheries management policies have enforced the license system, it is the most typical regulation system in Korean fisheries. Even now, it has caused resource management failure, it has also invited economic inefficiency and inequity. Accordingly, the Korean government has recently introduced the self-regulatory management system for fishermen with the TAC system. These systems are one of the most market-oriented regulation systems in fisheries management systems. It is defined as regulatory policy tools other than regulations with command and control approach. It is also called “alternatives” which is composed of regulatory alternatives and non-regulatory alternatives. The self-regulatory management system and the ITQ system are cooperative-based co-management between government and fishermen as an alternative management strategy ; it is gaining the increasing attention to improve the effectiveness of fisheries management in Korea. It is expected not only to positively improve function in fisheries regulation, but also to decrease inefficiency in fisheries policies. However, these systems have many problems. The monopolization of rent is one of the typical examples. As solutions for the problem in the aspect of fishery management, fisheries policy is need of approach to industrial organization. For instance, Contestable market theory is one of the good theoretical background, it mean that market is able to free entry and free exit. Thus, fisheries management carry out policies such as revitalization of the used market of capital goods in fisheries, organize of the self-regulatory management group. Conclusively, as the exploiters and managers, fishers and the government should put emphasis on improving economic efficiency so that fishery would grow as an industry that contributes to the increase of social welfare, and the change to that direction will be the only way for our fisheries to preserve its importance.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.266-272
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• 2016

Transcranial magnetic stimulation devices has been used mainly for diagnostic purposes by measuring the functions of the nervous system rather than for treatment purposes, and has a problem of considerable energy fluctuations per repeated pulse. The majority of strokes are caused by ischemia and result in brain tissue damage, leading to problems of the central nervous system including hemiparesis, dysfunction of language and consciousness, and dysfunction of perception. Control is difficult and the size is large due to the difficulty of digitalizing the energy stored in a capacitor, and there are many heavy devices. In addition, there are many constraints when it is used for a range of purposes such as head and neck diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of nerve palsy, muscle strengthening, treatment of urinary incontinence etc. Output stabilization and minimization of the energy variation rate are required as the level of the transcranial magnetic stimulation device is dramatically improved and the demand for therapeutic purposes increases. This study developed a compact, low cost transcranial magnetic stimulation device with minimal energy variation of a high repeated pulse and output stabilization using a real time capacitor charge discharge voltage. Ischemia was induced in male SD rats by closing off the common carotid artery for 5 minutes, after which the blood was re-perfused. In the cerebrum, the number of PARP reactive cells after 24 hours significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the TMS group compared to the GI group. As a result, TMS showed the greatest effect on necrosis-related PARP immuno-reactive cells 24 hours after ischemia, indicating necrosis inhibition, blocking of neural cell death, and protection of neural cells.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.269-277
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by exposure to hazardous chemicals. We investigated changes in the symptoms of metabolic syndrome, which is strongly related to CVD, and in levels of other CVD risk factors, with a special emphasis on the roles of catecholamines and oxidative stress. The results revealed that neither body mass index (BMI) nor waist and hip circumferences were associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals. Among metabolic syndrome criteria, only HDL-cholesterol level increased on exposure to hazardous chemicals. Levels of epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NEP) were not influenced by exposure to hazardous chemicals; however, the total antioxidative capacity (TAC) reduced because of increased oxidative stress. Both hazardous chemical exposure level and metabolite excretion were related to EP, NEP, and the oxidative stress index (OSI). Logistic regression analysis with these factors as independent variables and metabolic syndrome criteria as dependent variables revealed that EP was associated with blood pressure, and NEP with metabolic syndrome in the chemical-exposed group. In conclusion, the results suggest that reactive oxygen species generated and oxidative stress due to exposure to hazardous chemicals act as mediators and cause changes in the physiological levels of EP and NEP to increase blood pressure. This ultimately leads to the development of CVD through increase in cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood glucose levels by lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Angola has a coastline of about 1,650 km long. Two diverging current namely, the Angola current with its warm water from the north and the cold Benguella Current in the south create a strong up-welling with a high productive ecosystem for marine resources. The area from Lobito to the mouth of the Cunene River, also known as the Southern fishing zone is by far the most productive of Angola's fishing zones. In 1977, the total potential of its marine fisheries sector was estimated at more than 700,000 tonnes per annum. In 2003, the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) established for demersal species was 57,600 tonnes and 160,000 tonnes for pelagic species. The most important resources are various marine demersal and pelagic fish including pilchard and the Cape and Cunene horse Mackerel (Tranchurus capensis and T. trecae). Sardinellas (Sardinella aurita and S. maderensis) are fished in parallel with horse mackerel. The rest of the catches are mainly demersal spp. and some deep water crustaceans. The demersal sppecies consist of Hake (Merluccius polli and M. capensis) and the large eye dentex spp. Tunas are caught at certain times of the year whilst some marine shrimp are also harvested from the Angolan waters. Angola also has several high value freshwater fish species, exploited by about 255 fishers. Tilapia sp. is among the most important and abundant fresh water fish found in Angola. Other species include the catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and fresh water prawns (Macrobrachuin rosenbergii). Some aquaculture ponds have been established in the country side, but due to lack of investment, proper training and the impact of civil war have seriously limited developments in the sub sector.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2010

For an effective management of fisheries resources, we need fisheries informations necessary for the establishment of reasonable fishing effort and TAC distribution. To study the present state of by-catch and discard of gill-net fishery in the East Sea, we carried out fishing research using trammel nets in the coastal sea of Susan-port (Yangyang), Jangho-port (Samcheok) and Hupo-port (Uljin). As a result, a total of catch of Susan was 259,172g and that of Hopo was 577,638g. Thus Catch of Susan was 1.49 times more than that of Hupo considering the number of used fishing gear. And catch of Janho was 7.4 times more than that of Susan considering the number of experiment. Two methods of by-catch analysis in this study were used, one method is standardizing of listed species catching possible in fishing license, another method is regarding catch species under 1% of total catch as by-catch. As a result of by-catch analysis of two method, by-catch rate of Susan was 6.55% and 5.87% respectively, that of Hupo was 44.70% and 5.24% and that of Jangho was 0.96% and 2.31%. Discard rate of fish in Susan, Hupo and Jangho were 1.59%, 3.42%, 2.23% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.1023-1029
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• 2021

The Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus is one of the fish species within the total allowable catch (TAC) system which requires further investigation. In this study, the acoustic survey method was used to analyze the distribution of the Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus across all the seas of South Korea. The sea area within Korea was investigated using the research vessels 20, 21, and 22 of the National Institute of Fisheries Science. The acoustic surveys were carried out from July to September 2019 and February to May 2020. The acoustic systems used in the survey had frequencies of 38 kHz and 120 kHz (EK60, EK80, Simrad, Norway) of the split-beam scientific echosounder. The results showed that, in spring, 277 m²/nmi² was the highest in the east sea area, and the same in the summer season 880 m²/nmi² was the highest in the east sea area. In autumn, the highest nautical area scattering coefficient (NASC) value was observed in the coastal portion of the south sea, and in winter, the NASC values were generally low in all the sea area.