• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.228-228
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• 1996

1, 흰쥐에서 IPM 단독투여시보다 DHP-I 저해제인 CS와의 병용투여시 AUC가 4배 이상, t$_{1}$2/가 약 3배 증가하였으며 MEPM의 경우는 AUC가 5배 이상, t$_{1}$2/가 약 1.8배 증가하였다. 2. Guinea pig에서 IPM 단독투여시보다 CS와의 병용투여시 AUC가 약 2.5배, t$_{1}$2/가 약 1.4배 증가하였으며 MEPM의 경우는 AUC, t$_{1}$2/ 모두 거의 변함이 없었다. 3. 위의 결과 흰쥐에서 IPM과 MEPM에 대한 CS의 영향이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났으며 따라서 약물동력학적인 파라메타에도 커다란 변화를 주었다. 반대로 Guinea Pig에서는 CS의 병용투여로 IPM의 AUC에만 변동을 주었을 뿐 t$_{l}$ 2/에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않았고 MEPM의 체내동태에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다. 4. Guinea pig에서 전체 투여량에 대한 MEPM의 요중회수율은 66.58$\pm$3.44%이었고 IPM의 경우는 7.00$\pm$0.95%이었다. 그러나 DHP-I 저해제인 CS와의 병용투여시 IPM의 요중회수율이 57.77$\pm$11.46%로 증가하여 MEPM과 거의 비슷한 양상을 나타냈다. 이는 guinea pig에서 DHP-I에 의한 IPM의 대사가 CS에 의해 차단됨을 시사하는 것이라고 사료되며 guinea pig에 존재하는 DHP-I은 MEPM보다 IPM에 대해 더 높은 친화도를 갖는 것으로 사료된다. 5. Carbapenem계 항생제의 약물동력학적 스크리닝을 위한 소동물로는 흰쥐보다도 guinea pig가 적합한 것으로 생각되나 동물종차에 의한 약물동력학적 연구 및 DHP-I의 활성에 대한 연구가 더 면밀히 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각되며 BO-2727, panipenem, biapenem 등 다른 carbapenem 항생제에 대한 광범위한 약물동력학적 연구가 진행되어 새로운 carbapenem계 항생제 개발에 따른 인체내 거동을 예측할 수 있는 치적의 실험동물모델이 확립되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2008

We have developed the transparent passivation layer for top emission organic light emitting diodes using CsCl thin film by the thermal evaporation method. The CsCl film was deposited on the Ca/Ag semitransparent cathode. The optical transmittance of Ca/ Ag/CsCl triple layer is higher than that of Ca/Ag double layer in the visible range. The device with a structure of glass/Ni/2-TNATA/a-NPD/Alq3:C545T/BCP/Alq3/Ca/Ag/CsCl results in higher efficiency than the device without CsCl passivation layer. The device without CsCl thin film shows a current efficiency of 7 cd/A, whereas the device passivated with CsCl layer shows an efficiency of 10 cd/A. This increase of efficiency isresulted from the increased optical extraction by the CsCl passivation layer.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 2001

Using the rotation of two polarizer plate and the area of transmittance In the visual light region measured by spectrophotometer, we obtained the luminance to measure the Contrast Sensitivity, and calculated the values of $L_{min}$ and ${\theta}_{min}$ after fixed the average contrast, $L_{max}$ and ${\theta}_{max}$ values from the values of two contrasts. Then, when it was fixed by $L_{max}=4000(T%nm)$ and ${\theta}_{max}=44.1^{\circ}$, $L_{min}$ and ${\theta}_{min}$ values were respectively given by 1333, 2666, 3920(T%nm) and 56.6, 54.3, $45^{\circ}$ in Cs values of 2.5, 100.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1481-1486
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• 2009

The immunomodulating effect of Salicornia herbacea polysaccharides on BALB/c mice splenocytes was investigated. Crude (CS) and fine polysaccharide (PS) extracts with potential biological activity were prepared from S. herbacea. For in vitro experiments, splenocytes and separated T cells were treated with CS and PS (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL). For in vivo experiments, the CS and PS were orally administered to BALB/c mice every day for 2 weeks. For basic data analysis, physiological parameters were recorded. Cell proliferation of splenocytes and T cells was used as an index for immunomodulating activity. The proliferation of splenocytes and separated T cells was 3.2 and 3.5 times higher than the control, respectively. Moreover, when splenocytes were treated with mitogen, the highest proliferation rate was observed in splenocytes cultured with PS. Interestingly, the stimulative activity of PS was more strongly exerted through $CD4^+$ T cells than through $CD8^+$ T cells.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.76-89
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• 1984

Weighted committed dose equivalents($W_T\;H_{50}$) per intake of unit activity of four nuclides-I-131, I-133, Cs-134 and Cs-137-, which was based on the concepts of ICRP Pub. 30, are calculated for adult who is 70 kg and 25 years old and, for infant who is 10 kg and 1 year old. Metabolism of iodine taken through oral or inhalation pathway is described by using the three-compartment model which consists of inorganic, thyroid and organic compartment. After intake, the amount of iodine in every compartment is calculated by solving the transfer equations among the these compartments. As soon as caesium is taken into the body, it is distributed uniformly in the body through the transfer compartment. In this case, the amount of caesium in total body is calculated by using the total body compartment model which is divided into two tissue compartments because of their different biological half-lifes of caesium in body. As a result of calculations, whether oral or inhalation pathway, the values of ($W_T\;H_{50}$) per intake of unit activity of I-131 for infants are about ten times as much as those of adults. On the other hand, for Cs-134 and Cs-137, the values of $W_T\;H_{50}$ per intake of unit activity show that, whether adults of infants, they have almost the same values.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.109-113
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• 2016

Resonance frequencies from the $^{113}Cd$ and $^{133}Cs$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for the $CsCdBr_3$ single crystal were measured at varying temperatures by the static NMR method. The temperature-dependent changes of these frequencies are related to the changing structural geometry of the ${CdBr_6}^{4-}$ units, which affects the environment of $^{133}Cs$. The spin-lattice relaxation rates ($1/T_1$) for the $^{113}Cd$ and $^{133}Cs$ nuclei were measured in order to obtain detailed information about the dynamics of $CsCdBr_3$ crystals. The dominant relaxation mechanisms for $^{113}Cd$ and $^{133}Cs$ nuclei are direct single-phonon and Raman spin-phonon processes, respectively.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.2 s.92
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• pp.131-139
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• 2006

This study investigated the effect of a coaching system(CS) on the employee's job satisfaction(JS) between the food service industry conducting and not conducting CS. A total of 342 employees were enrolled and the results were as follow. Firstly, relationship and willingness factors directly affected JS. Indirectly, work and relationship factors affected JS through the willingness factors. Secondly, when JS was compared at the service company conducting CS with that not conducting CS, work and relationship factors directly affected JS in the industry conducting CS, but only the relationship factor indirectly affected JS in the company not conducting CS. In addition, at the food service industry conducting CS, work factor affected willingness and competence factors, and therefore JS was affected indirectly, but relationship factor did not affect the willingness and competence factors. However, in the company not conducting CS, willingness only affected JS indirectly. Work factors directly affected JS, but through competence and willingness factors, work factor indirectly affected JS in the industry conducting CS. In the company not conducting CS, the relationship factor between employees affected the JS. In summary, CS increased JS through its direct effect on the work factor and indirect effect on the willingness and competence factors. Studies about CS are insufficient and CS remains in the introductory stage now, so further studies are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1334-1344
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• 2020

Objective: Compressed sensing (CS) has gained wide interest since it accelerates MRI acquisition. We aimed to compare the 3D post-contrast T1-weighted volumetric isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition (VISTA) with CS (VISTA-CS) and without CS (VISTA-nonCS) in intracranial vessel wall MRIs (VW-MRI). Materials and Methods: From April 2017 to July 2018, 72 patients who underwent VW-MRI, including both VISTA-CS and VISTA-nonCS, were retrospectively enrolled. Wall and lumen volumes, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were measured from normal and lesion sites. Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated overall image quality and degree of normal and lesion wall delineation with a four-point scale (scores ≥ 3 defined as acceptable). Results: Scan coverage was increased in VISTA-CS to cover both anterior and posterior circulations with a slightly shorter scan time compared to VISTA-nonCS (approximately 7 minutes vs. 8 minutes). Wall and lumen volumes were not significantly different with VISTA-CS or VISTA-nonCS (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.964-0.997). SNR was or trended towards significantly higher values in VISTA-CS than in VISTA-nonCS. At normal sites, CNR was not significantly different between two sequences (p = 0.907), whereas VISTA-CS provided lower CNR in lesion sites compared with VISTA-nonCS (p = 0.003). Subjective wall delineation was superior with VISTA-nonCS than with VISTA-CS (p = 0.019), although overall image quality did not differ (p = 0.297). The proportions of images with acceptable quality were not significantly different between VISTA-CS (83.3-97.8%) and VISTA-nonCS (75-100%). Conclusion: CS may be useful for intracranial VW-MRI as it allows for larger scan coverage with slightly shorter scan time without compromising image quality.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2016

Background: It is not clear whether ginseng affects cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced desirable immunosuppressive action. In this study, we evaluated the immunological influence of combined treatment of ginseng with CsA. Methods: Using CD4+ T cells from mouse spleens stimulated with the T cell receptor (TCR) or allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), we examined the differentiation of naïve T cells into T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and their cytokine production during treatment by Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) and/or CsA. The influence of KRGE on the allogeneic T cell response was evaluated by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). We also evaluated whether signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT5 are implicated in this regulation. Results: Under TCR stimulation, KRGE treatment did not affect the population of CD4+interferon gamma ($IFN{\gamma}$)+ and CD4+interleukin (IL)-4+ cells and their cytokine production compared with CsA alone. Under the Th17-polarizing condition, KRGE significantly reduced the number of CD4+IL-17+ cells and CD4+/phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3)+ cells, but increased the number of CD4+CD25+forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ cells and CD4+/p-STAT5+ cells compared with CsA alone. In allogeneic APCs-stimulated CD4+ T cells, KRGE significantly decreased total allogeneic T cell proliferation. Consistent with the effects of TCR stimulation, KRGE reduced the number of CD4+IL-17+ cells and increased the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells under the Th17-polarizing condition. Conclusion: KRGE has immunological benefits through the reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells during CsA-induced immunosuppression.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.7 s.290
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• pp.433-438
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• 2006

In order to examine the working condition of melts in tin bath of float process it was investigated Sn diffusion behavior and solidification rate of melts for alkali-alkaline earth-silica PDP substrate glasses such as commercial CaO rich CS-77 glass, commercial $Al_2O_3$ rich PD-200 glass and self developed $SiO_2$ rich T-series (T-2, T-4, T-6) glasses. In the case of Sn depth and concentration created in glass surface by ion exchange between Sn and alkali, T-series showed lower value than CS-77, especially T-2 is more excellent than PD-200. The solidification rate of melts expressed by cooling time between $log{\eta}=4\;and\;7.6dPa{\cdot}s$ was low for T-series comparing with CS-77 and PD-200. Therefore, it was concluded that T-series is desirable considering forming condition in the tin bath of the float process.