• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2001

This study has measured the pulmonary function by treadmill test for 6 young women who were in twenties, and analyzed the respiratory-circulatory function and the change of hormone and immune response after performing the exercise program (60% severity) for 10 weeks. The results are as follows; 1. 10 weeks regular exercise made a decrease in weight and body fat proportion, and improved the respiratory-circular function by increasing the maximum oxygen absorption and ventilation. 2. 10 weeks regular exercise made a significant increase in count of WBC, lymphocyte, and T lymphocyte, but a significant decrease in B lymphocyte. NK cell also showed an increase in counts, but insignificant. 3. 10 weeks regular exercise made a significant increase in blood norepinephrine level. Epinephrine and cortisol also showed an increase in count, but insignificant. In summary, it suggested that 10 weeks regular exercise improves the immune function by decrease in body fat, increase in respiratory-circular function and metabolic efficiency, and also by raising Th/Ts ratio (an increase in count of WBC, lymphocyte, and T lymphocyte, but a decrease in suppressor T lymphocyte).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.354-356
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• 2005

Objective: Thoracoscopic sympathicotomy is effective in treating not only palmar hyperhidrosis, but also axillary hyperhidrosis. But studies for axillary hyperhidrosis accompanying osmidrosis are few. We report the outcome of six axillary hyperhidrosis with osmidrosis with literatures review. Methods: Using a minimally invasive technique, thoracoscopic T3-4 sympathicotomy was performed. The results of sympathicotomy of third and fourth sympathetic chains of six patients from January 1999 to August 2003 for axillary hyperhidrosis with osmidrosis were reviewed. Results: All patients had a successful outcomes, their profuse sweating ceased. Two patients suffered from compensatory hyperhidrosis. Three patients disappeared or diminished foul odor but three patients complained remained osmidrosis. Conclusion: In the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis, the sympathicotomy of T3 and T4 chain is an effective method but osmidrosis must be treated according to its cause.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1982

과칼륨혈증(Hyperkalemia)시의 심전도의 변화를 흰쥐에서 관찰하고 특히 평균 QRS 전기축의 변화, P-Q 및 Q-T 간격의 변화와 중조$(NaHCO_3)$투여에 의한 치료적 효과가 흰쥐에 심전도 변화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 관찰하였다. 실험동물을 4군으로 나누고 정상대조군, KCl만 투여군, $NaHCO_3$만 투여군 및 KCl 투여 1시간 반후 $NaHCO_3$투여군에 대해 그 소견을 비교 고찰하였다. KCl투여군에서 분시 심박수는 초기에 급속히 감소하여 그대로 유지되며 후기에는 급격히 서맥이 초래되며 심장이 정지된다. 평균 QRS 전기축은 후기에 좌측으로 편의한다. T파의 파고는 일시적으로 증가하였으나 후기에는 변화가 없었다. P-Q 간격은 초기에 연장되다가 말기에 회복되었으며 Q-T 간격도 초기에 연장 되었다가 후기에 점차 회복되는 경향을 보였다. $NaHCO_3$만의 투여군은 심박수가 초기에 급격히 감소하나 후기에는 반대로 미미한 회복 경향을 보인다. 평균 QRS 전기축은 초기에 변화가 없었고 말기에는 좌측으로 편의하였으며 T파의 파고는 큰 변화가 없었다. 또한 P-Q간격 및 Q-T 간격은 초기에 연장되다가 말기에 단축되었다. KCl투여 1시간 반 후 과칼륨혈증상태에서 $NaHCO_3$를 투여한 군에서는 심박수의 회복은 없었다. 평균 QRS 전기축의 우측편의 경향과 감소되었던 R파고의 증가와 증가되었던 T파의 파고 회복경향이 있었다. P-Q 간격은 계속 연장되었으며 Q-T 간격은 중조투여직전에 비하여 큰 변화가 없었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.199-202
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• 2000

염색의 농담에 따른 엽록소의 함량과 수량과의 관계를 밝히고자 연녹색잎 표지인자를 가진 Taichung 65(pgl)와 녹색엽인 수원345호 및 두 계통간의 교잡 BC$_1$F$_2$에서 농업형질과 엽록체의 특성을 밝히고자 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 연녹색 및 계통인 T.65(pgl)와 수원345호의 조합 F$_2$에서 연녹색 잎 개체군은 T.65(pgl)와 차이가 없었으나 녹색잎 개체군의 평균 개체수량은 수원345호에 비하여 월등히 높게 나타났다. 2. T.65(pgl)의 엽록소 함량은 수원345호에 비하여 적었으며, 감소되는 유형은 비슷하였으나 Ca/Cb 비율은 출수후 15일부터 60일까지 오히려 높게 나타났다. 3. 출수 후 T.65(pgl)의 지엽은 수원345호에 비하여 낮은 SPAD 값을 보였지만 2엽, 3엽은 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. 반면 F$_2$에서 연녹색잎 개체군의 지엽, 2엽, 3엽에서의 SPAD 값은 녹색잎 개체군에 비하여 모두 낮게 나타났다. 4. 출수후 20일에 지엽의 엽록체를 투과전자현미경으로 검경한 결과 T.65(pgl)에서 osmium granule의 수가 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2002

Although there are many reports on the splenic (systemic) T cell response after Toxoptasma gondii infection, little information is available regarding the local T cell responses of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and gut intraepithelial Iymphocytes (IEL) following peroral infection with bradyzoites. Mice were infected with 40 cysts of the 76K strain of T. gondii, and then sacrificed at days 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 postinfection (PI). The cellular composition and T cell responses of PEC and IEL were analyzed. The total number of PEC and IEL per mouse increased after infection, but the ratio of increase was higher in IEL. Lymphocytes were the major component of both PEC and IEL. The relative percentages of PEC macrophages and neutrophils/eosinophils increased signiflcantly at day 1 and 4 PI, whereas those of IEL did not change significantly. The percentage of PEC NK1.1 and ${\gamma\delta}T$ cells peaked at day 4 PI (p < 0.0001), and CD4 and $CD8{\alpha}T$ cells increased continuously after infection. The percentages of IEL $CD8{\alpha}$ and ${\gamma\delta}T$ cells decreased slightly at first, and then increased. CD4 and NK1.1 T cells of IEL did not change significantly after infection. $IFN-{\gamma}-producing$ PEC NK1.1 T cells increased significantly from day 1 PI, but the other T cell subsets produced $IFN-{\gamma}$ abundantly thereafter. The proportion of IEL $IFN-{\gamma}-producing$ $CD8{\alpha}$ and ${\gamma\delta}T$ cells increased significantly after infection, while IEL NK1.1 T cells had similar $IFN-{\gamma}$ production patterns. Taken together, CD4 T cells were the major phenotype and the important $IFN-{\gamma}$ producing T cell subsets in PEC after oral infection with T. gondii whereas $CD8{\alpha}T$ cells had these roles in IEL. These results suggest that PEC and IEL comprise different cell differentials and T cell responses, and according to infection route these factors may contribute to the different cellular immune responses.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.267-283
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• 2001

In endemic areas of Taenia tapeworms in Korea, most of the reports showed that T. saginata was dominant over T. solium, but eating pigs is the dominant habit over eating cattle. Why do they have more T saginata despite lower consumption of beef This problem actually has long been recognized but until recently there has been no intensive trial to give a scientific explanation on this epidemiological enigma. By summing up the data published between the years 1963 and 1999, the ratio of armed versus unarmed tapeworms in humans was estimated at approximately 1 :5. The ratio of pig-eaters versus cattle-eaters, however, was approximately 5: 1. This inconsistency could be explained with the recently described T. asiatica, which infects humans through the eating of pig's viscera. We re-evaluate the importance of the consumption of visceral organ of pigs, leading us to an improved epidemiological understanding of the T. asiatica infection together with co-existing T. saginata and T. solium in Korea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1045-1052
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• 2002

Hyperhomocysteinemia, resulted from an interaction between the mutation of MTHFR gene and B vitamin deficiency, is suggested as a possible cause for complications and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the intakes of B vitamins and serum homocysteine concentrations with the C677T mutation in the MTHFR genotypes in 135 normal pregnant women of 24-28 weeks of gestation. Dietary intake of B vitamins did not differ among the three genotypes, but the negative correlation between dietary folate intake and the serum homocysteine level was the strongest in the T/T type (r ＝ -0.249) than in other genotypes (C/T: r＝ -0.040, C/C:r＝ 0.126, p＜0.05). Among the subject with the T/T type, the pregnant women who consumed folate less than 50% of the RDA had higher serum homocysteine levels than those who consumed folate greater than 125% of the RDA (10.4$\pm$5.9 vs 7.0$\pm$1.5 $\mu$mol/L, p＜0.05). Serum homocysteine levels were higher in the women with micronutrient supplements than those with no supplements in the T/T type, but such relation was not present in the C/C or the C/T type. In conclusion, serum homocysteine concentrations were influenced by the interrelationship between the MTHFR polymorphisms and dietary folate intake or micronutrient supplementation.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2021

로트 크기 문제(LSP)는 다항시간으로 최적 해를 찾을 수 있는 알고리즘이 알려져 있지 않은 NP-완전의 난제이다. LSP에 대해 다항시간으로 해를 구할 수 있는 W-W 알고리즘이 알려져 있지만, 이 알고리즘은 너무나 복잡하여 이해와 적용에 어려움이 있어 S-M의 휴리스틱 근사 알고리즘이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 LSP의 근사 해가 아닌 최적 해를 찾을 수 있는 간단한 공식을 가진 O(n)의 선형 복잡도 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 t시점에서의 로트 크기(생산량) Xt∗은 비축 비가 절차 비를 초과하지 않는 t+k 시점을 결정하여 [t,t+k] 구간의 요구량 합으로 단순히 결정하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 다양한 실험 데이터에 적용한 결과 모든 데이터에 대해 최적 해를 찾았다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2022

In the 16~17th centuries, the construction of T-shaped pavilion in Gyeongsangbuk-do was centered on the families of the Goseong-Lee clan and Andong-Kwon clan, who had a lot of exchanges with each other near Andong. It can be presumed that the complex structure of the T-shaped pavilion was intended to represent the technology, economic power, and social influence of the clan. After the 18th century, construction areas spread and construction subjects were diversified, but the number of new constructions decreased. It can be seen that T-shaped pavilion was erected and used for public purposes rather than personal reasons in terms of layout or flat scale. The roof of the T-shaped pavilion is very diverse depending on the wooden structure, the height of the roof and the configuration of the apex. The T-shaped pavilion, which combines two parts, has been developed in a way that strengthens not only the appearance but also the structural bonding force. The bonding strength is strengthened through the process of "roof aligning", "roof bonding", "structure connection", and "structure integration", which shows a similar tendency to the age of actual cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3937-3942
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• 2012

Background: Many studies have investigated possible association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk, but the impact is still unclear owing to the obvious inconsistencies. This study was performed to quantify the strength of the association with a metaanalysis. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases for studies relating the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk and estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals (CIs) for assessment. Results: Finally, eight studies with a total of 3,379 ovarian cancer cases and 4,078 controls were included into this meta-analysis. Overall the showed that MTHFR C677T polymorphism was not associated with ovarian cancer risk under all genetic models ($OR_{T\;versus\;C}$ = 1.03, 95%CI 0.90-1.18; $OR_{TT\;versus\;CC}$ = 1.08, 95%CI 0.79-1.47; $OR_{TT\;versus\;TC+CC}$ = 1.05, 95%CI 0.80-1.37; $OR_{TT+TC\;versus\;CC}$ = 1.05, 95%CI 0.86-1.21). Meta-analyses of studies with confirmation of HWE also showed no significant association. Subgroup analyses by ethnicity showed there was no significant association in the Caucasians but MTHFR C677T polymorphic variant T contributed to increased risk of ovarian cancer in East Asians. No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusion: Meta-analyses of available data show that MTHFR C677T polymorphism is not associated with ovarian cancer risk in Caucasians, but the MTHFR polymorphic variant T may contribute to increased risk in East Asians.