• International Journal of Contents
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2012

The aim is to investigate the analgesic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) on central neuropathic pain(CNP) in spinal cord contusive rat model. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats($250{\pm}50$ g, male) were used. Thoracic spinal cord(T10) was contused using New York University(NYU) spinal cord impactor. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups; GroupI: Non-treatment after SCI induction(n=10), GroupII: application of tDCS(0.1 mA, 20 min/time, 2 times/day, 5 days/6week) after SCI induction(n=10). Assess the effect of tDCS using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan(BBB) locomotor rating scales, Touch $test^{TM}$ sensory evaluator(TTSE), Plantar test$^{\circledR}$after contusion at the $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$, $5^{th}$, $6^{th}$ week and the immunohistochemistric response of c-fos in the thalamus, cerebral cortex after contusion at the $3^{rd}$, $6^{th}$ week after SCI. The scores of BBB scales were significantly different from $3^{rd}$week. TTSE were different significantly over time, but there were no differences at each evaluation times on between-measure time effects. Plantar test were different significantly over time and there were difference at the $4^{th}$, $6^{th}$ week after SCI on between-measure time effects. Also, immunohistochemistric response of c-fos was reduced significantly from $3^{rd}$, $6^{th}$ week after SCI in tDCS group compared with control group in thalamus and cortex. These results identified that tDCS of non-invasive therapeutic method may have beneficial analgesic effect on CNP after SCI with behavioral test and immunohistochemical test.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.184-189
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• 1995

The antiwear performance of dialkyl 3, 5-di-t-butyl 4-hydroxy benzyl phosphonates was investigated using a four ball wear test machine. Diethyl 3, 5-di-t-butyl 4-hydroxy benzyl phosphonate (DEP) and dibutyl 3,5-di-t-butyl 4-hydroxy benzyl phosponate (DBP) among them showed excellent antiwear performances compared with conventional additives, ZDDP and TCP as the bulk oil temperature and the sliding velocity increased. The surface analysis through an optical microscopy was conducted for tribological studies.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.369-382
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an educational program on nursing records especially focused on legal issues, and to test the effects of the educational program on nurses' knowledge, performance, and behavior. Methods: A textbook on legal issue-focused nursing records and an instrument with 36 items rated on a 5-point scale (1-5) for measuring the nurses' charting-related performance and behavior were developed from November 2007 through March 2008. A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed to test the effects of the education program. Knowledge was self-reported by the Nurse Charting Knowledge Scale, while performance and behavior were measured by their nurse managers. The pretest and posttest were conducted from March through May in 2008. A total of 226 Korean nurses participated in this study. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square, paired t-test, Spearman's coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: Nurses who received the intervention showed greater levels of knowledge (t=10.28, p<.001), performance (t=2.53, p=.013), and behavior scores (t=3.07, p=.002) than those of the control group. The factors influencing the improvement of knowledge were 'job attitude' (t=-3.32, p=.001) and 'career in present unit' (t=2.95, p=.004). The factor influencing the improvement of performance was 'career in present unit' (t=-3.39, p=.001). The factor influencing the improvement of behavior was 'job attitude' (t=-3.46, p=.001). Conclusion: The educational program on legal issue-focused nursing records was effective in improving nurse charting-related knowledge, performance, and behavior.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the pain and balance of patients who receive total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: This study subjects were 24 patients in Hospital T, located in Daegu, South Korea who received TKA after being diagnosed with degenerative arthritis. The subjects were randomly divided into and experimental group and a control group, with each group including 12 patients. Both group received superfical thermal therapy, interferential current therapy (ICT), and continue passive motion (CPM), which are conventional knee therapy on the knee joint. The experimental group received the tDCS treatment three times a week for three weeks, from October 1st to October 20th. The visual analogue scale and Wii Balance Board system were used to measure the pain and balancing ability, respectively, of both groups. In the statistical result analysis, to compare about pre and post test difference in each groups was accomplished. Statistical analysis of independent t-test and paired t-test were conducted using SPSS version 23.0. Results: After three weeks of intervation, there were significantly difference in balance ability in pre and post test in the tDCS group. VAS decreased significantly in both groups(p<.05), There was a significantly difference in pain, balance ability in the tDCS group compared to the sham group. Conclusion: These results indicate that applying tDCS together with conventional knee joint therapy for TKA patients is effective in promoting the patients' recovery.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 1993

This study was a clinical Quasi-experiment to examine the effects of the range of motion exercise on powerlessness and life satisfaction among the E-Institutionalized elderly in Pusan. The purpose was to test the effect of the range of motion exercises on powerlessness and life satis-faction, and to examine the correlation between powerlessness and life satisfaction. The subjects for this study were 54 elderly people, both were over 60 and residing at I-Institution in Pusan. The research samples of 54 elderly were divided into an experimental and control group by matching randomized assignment. The instruments for this study were the Assessment Tool of Powerlessness in the elderly developed by Miller, Life satisfaction developed by Yoon Jin, and the Active-Passive Range of Motion Exercise Program which was developed and utilized by Shin, Jae-Shin. The data were collected from December 15, 1990 to November 1991. The paired t-test, t-test and ANCOVA were used to test hypothesis I and II, related to the Effect of the Range of Motion Exercises to powerlessness and life satisfaction. To identify the relationship of the range of motion exercises to powerlessness and life satisfaction, path analysis was done through multiple regression. The interrelationship of the variables was analyzed using t-test paired t-test. The results of the three hypothesis can be summarized as follows : 1. Hypothesis I -the experimental group which participated in the Range of Motion Exercise gets lower powerlessness score than that of the control group-was accepted by t-test (t = -3.40, p = .001) but not accepted by ANCOVA (F = .1, p =.96). 2. Hypothesis II - the experimental group which participated in the Range of Motion Exercise gets a higher Life Satisfaction Score than that of the control group-was not supported by t-test(t = 1.01, p = .316) but was accepted by ANCOVA (F = 4.39, p = .006). 3. Hypothesis III - if the powerlessness Score becomes higher, the Life Satisfaction Score will be-come lower - was accepted by Pearson Correlation Coefficient (pre-exercise : r : -.34, p=.006), (post exercise : r = -.06, p=.32) . The relation-ship between the score of powerlessness and life satisfaction was negatively correlated. The results obtained clearly showed that the effects of the range of motion exercises on powerlessness and life satisfaction are beneficial to the elderly The relation between the scores of powerlessness and life satisfaction was negatively correlated and the range of motion exercise had a direct influence to powerlessness. Therefore, it is concluded that the relationship between powerlessness and life satis-faction was not a causal one. Also it is concluded that the range of motion exercises can be applied as a nursing intervention to reduce powerlessness and to improve life satisfaction in the elderly.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2024

본 연구는 아로마 목걸이를 병용한 비대면 수면 프로그램이 불면증 대학생의 수면의 질, 주간졸림증, 우울 및 스트레스에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 비동등 대조군 전후 실험설계로 시도되었다. 대상자는 경기도 S시 소재 E대학에 재학중인 대학생 가운데 불면증상을 호소하는 대상자에게 중재 전후에 자가설문으로 구성된 수면의 질, 주간졸림증, 우울, 스트레스를 측정하였다. 아로마목걸이를 병용한 비대면 수면 프로그램은 실험군(n=21)에게 주 1회, 총 6주 동안 적용하였으며 대조군(n=21)에게 수면책자를 제공하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 24.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Independent t-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 수면의 질(t=-5.87, p<.001), 주간졸음(t=-4.28, p<.001), 우울(t=-4.40, p<.001)에서는 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 나타났으며 스트레스는 유의하지 않았다. 따라서 아로마목걸이를 병용한 비대면 수면 프로그램이 대학생의 수면의 질, 주간졸림증, 우울 증상을 감소시키는데 유용한 간호중재법으로 활용 가능할 것을 기대된다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1994

Bioequivalence test of commercially available rifampicin capsules was performed. Sixteen volunteers were divided into 2 groups and the reference and test drug were given orally (450 mg) by cross-over design. Statistical evaluation of AUC, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ involved an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The differences of mean value in AUC, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between the reference and test drug were within 20% with reference drug. ANOVA showed no significant differences for ‘between group’, ‘drug’ and ‘period’, but not for ‘between subjects’. The power of test $(1-{\beta})\;of\;AUC\;and\;$C_{max}$ was larger than 0.8 and the confidence of bioavailability was $within\;{\pm}20%$. From these results, it was concluded that the two preparations were bioequivalent for AUC and $C_{max}$, but was not for $T_{max}$.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise on health status with essential hypertension. Method: A non-equivalent control group design was used. For the experimental group, aerobic exercise was given by researcher at one health center in Daegu. Test for hypothesis was done by $X^2$-test t-test, paired t-test, and unpaired t-test. Result: There were significant differences in systolic, diastolic, and MAP between two groups. There were significant differences in body weight, BMI, and body composition between two groups. Hypothesis 3 was partially supported that the score of health status and physical function of experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group. Conclusion: Findings indicated that this study would contribute to application of aerobic exercise as nursing intervention for the people with high blood pressure.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.221-222
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• 2015

Since the input data such as types and quantities of materials cannot be acquired during the planning and designing phases, it is difficult to estimate the carbon emissions from the construction phase. As the materials are closely related to the building usages, an approximate estimation by the usages can be suggested. However, before confirming the estimation, the difference test among the carbon emissions of the building usages should be implemented. This study executed t-test or Mann-Whitney test between apartments and schools. The result of the study statistically verified the significant difference between the carbon emissions of apartments and schools.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1969

For the establishment of simpler and more reliable methods for the diagnosis of Brucellosis, diagnostic antigen for Milk Ring Test (M.R.T.) was prepared according to working document recommended by Ministry of Agriculture U.S.A., and applied in the field for the test of its's applicability. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Of fifty two dairy cattle ranches in the vicinity of Seoul, five ranges were shown positive reaction to M.R.T. 2. Even though one volume of positive milk was mixed with five to ten volumes of negative milk, the positive reactions were also observed. 3. Antigenicity of the antigen was maintained without deteriolation for 13 months at $5^{\circ}C$ and three months at both $22^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$. 4. Three positive cows to M.R.T. were also shown suspective reaction by Serum Agglutination Test.