• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2000

The aim of this study is to compared the cerebral palsy children with normal children in the exercise and cardio vascular ability after this study as the fundamental data fer mating programs for the cerebral palsy children. The test of this study is about twenty girls, the control group of the normal children(n=10) and the experiment group of cerebral palsy children(n=10). They were studied in four aspects which were the anthropometry, the medical check in the rest, the physical fitness or exercise roads test and the change of the target heart rate during exercise. The result were as follows : 1. The characteristic of the physical type : The control group is higher than the experiment group in the standing height and the body weight but their's little difference between them (p<0.05). The control group is lower than the experiment group in the body fat. 2. The characteristic of the medical check in the rest : The control group is higher than the experiment group in the vital capacity and flood expiratoryvolume one second. The control group is higher that the experiment group in the blood pressure of systolic and Diastolic. There's little difference between them(p<0.01). The control is lower than the experiment group in the heart pulse rate. There's little difference between them(p<0.005). 3. The characteristic of basic physical strength evaluation : The experiment group is the lowest dynamic muscular endurance, balance, agility and endurance which need to move the body with weight. The control group is much higher than the experiment group in the flexibility and muscle strength(Back strength). There's no difference between them(p<0.05). 4. The characteristics of the exercise stress last : The control group is higher than the experiment group in the endurance, the maximum of oxygen intake, endurance level and the out take of calory. There's little difference between them(p<0.01). 5. The characteristic of the change of the target heart rate during exercise : The control group is lower than the experiment group exchange of target heart rate, There's no difference them.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1278-1283
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week aerobic exercise training on cardiac QT intervals and cardiovascular risk profiles in type 1 diabetic children. Eleven type 1 diabetic children aged 9-17 years took part in this study as subject. The participants performed aerobic exercise training three times a week for total 12 weeks. The intensity of the training was adjusted at HRR 45% until three weeks and at HRR 55% since four weeks. After a 12-week aerobic exercise training systolic (p<0.05) and diastolic (p<0.05) blood pressure of the subjects was decreased. There was significant decrease in cardiac QT intervals (p<0.05), TC level (p<0.05), and HDL-C level (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study suggest that long-term regular physical activity of type 1 diabetic children considered exercise intensity and frequency may effect and play a important role in the prevention of diabetic complications and cardiovascular health care.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.423-431
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• 1993

To eveluate the risk factors which are related to recurrence of ischemic stroke, we selected subjects who were admitted to YNUH due to recurrent stroke and compared their risk factors with non-recurred group who suffered from single ischemic stroke. In the subjects, 55 of them are men and 22 were women and in the non-recurred groups, 84 of them were men and 40 were women, Subject's age ranged from 29 to 85 years(Mean 62, 5years), and non-recurred group's age ranged from 27 to 90 years(Mean 60, 7years), Peak incidence of ischemic stroke is in the 7th decade in both groups. Age and sex are not, statistically significant for recurrence of ischemic stroke. The patient's history of diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, transient attack and type or site of ischemic stroke had no significant effect statistically on the recurrent ischemic stroke. However, when the patient had previous history of hypertension or systolic blood pressure more than 160mmHg and diastolic more than 95mmHg, there was substantial difference(P<0.05) between the two group in the recurrence of ischemic stroke. According to the above results, hypertension is most likely significant risk factor of the recurrence of ischemic stroke within 2years after initial one. Therefore, adequate treatment of the hypertension is important for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Further study is required for searching other risk factors.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.499-508
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to evaluate the effect on the reversion of sedation induced by midazolam with flumazenil and to determine the plasma concentration of flumazenil according to the method of administration. Intranasal and intravenous flumazenil were administered to sedated health volunteers aged from 23 to 25 years, in doses typical of those used clinically to induce sedation with midazolam and for reversal with flumazenil. Objective assessment for degree of sedation and vital signs, plasma concentration were made for 2 hours period. 1. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, $SpO_2$ were not changed by adminstration of flumazenil in sedated subject with midazolam, but pulse rate was increased temporarily. 2. Flumazenil showed the reversal of the sedative effect induced by midazolam regardless of administration methods. But intravenous administration showed more effect on the degree and the duration of reversion than intranasal administration with the exception of on set time. 3. Peak plasma concentration of flumazenil administered by intranasal route reached after 2 min and that of flumazenil administered by intravenous route was 4 min. Thus uptake of flumazenil did not showed any difference in accordance with the adminstration route. 4. Administration of flumazenil resulted in the temporary increase of midazolam plasma concentration.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.377-388
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• 2000

Objective : This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Sunghyangchungisan (SHCS) on the regulation of vascular tone and $Ca^{2+}$ metabolism in arterial tissues. Vascular rings isolated from rabbit carotid artery were myographed isometrically in isolated organ baths and the effect of SHCS on contractile activities, endothelial function and $Ca^{2+}$ metabolism were determined. Methods : In phentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rabbits, SHCS administered through ear vein (100 mg/Kg body wt.) or intragastric dwelling tube (300 mg/Kg body wt.) attenuated phenylephrine (PE, 10 ${\mu}g$/Kg, i.v.)-induced increases in both systolic and diastolic cartoid arterial blood pressure. Results : In experiments with isolated arterial strips, SHCS relaxed arterial rings which were pre-contracted by phenylephrine (PE, 1 ${\mu}M$). The responses to SHCS were partially dose-dependent at concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/ml. When SHCS was applied prior to the exposure to PE, it inhibited the PE-induced contraction by a similar magnitude which was comparable to the relaxation of pre-contracted arterial rings. Washout of SHCS after observing its relaxant effect resulted in a full recovery of PE-induced contractions, indicating that the action mechanism is reversible. The observation that SHCS did not change the $ED_{50)$ of PE oh its dose-response curve ruled out the possible interaction of SHCS with ${\alpha}$-receptors. The relaxant effect of SHCS was not affected by removal of endothelium or a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME. Methylene blue, an inhibitor of the soluble guanylate cyclase, did not affect the relaxant effect of SHCS. These results suggest that the action of SHCS is not mediated by the endothelium nor soluble guanylate cyclase. Constant cGMP production determined in arterial strips in the presence or absence of SHCS is consistent with this conclusion. When contraction was induced by additive application of $Ca^{2+}$ in arterial rings which were pre-depolarized by high $K^+$ in a $Ca^{2+}$-free solution, the relaxant effect of SHCS was attenuated by increasing the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. SHCS, when applied to the arterial rings pre-contracted by PE and then relaxed by nifedipine, a $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, did not show additive relaxation. SHCS partially blocked $Ca^{2+}$ influx stimulated by PE and high $K^+$ which was determined by 5-min ^{45}Ca$ uptake, while it did not affect $Ca^{2+}$ efflux. Conclusions : From above results, it is suggested that SHCS relax PE-induced contraction of rabbit carotid artery in an endothelium independent manner, andinhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ influx may contribute to the underling mechanism.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.935-938
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• 2005

Purpose : The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether the increase of carotid intima-media thickeness(cIMT) as one of premature pathologic changes of atherosclerosis, was present in obese children compared to normal weight children. Methods : The obese group consisted of 21 obese/overweight(body mass index(BMI) above 85 percentile of age, sex standards) children and the control group of 11 normal weight children. None of the children had any chronic illnesses or previous medication history. We investigated the age, sex, height, weight, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure. We measured cIMT by ultrasonogram. In 19 of the obese group, we tested the serum glucose level, liver transaminase level, and cholesterol level etc. Results : The increase of cIMT in obese group did not achieved statistical significance(obese group vs. control group; 0.42 vs. 0.40 mm, P=0.0592). In addition, cIMT showed no significant correlation with any physical/laboratory variables including BMI(P=0.0585). Conclusion : To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure the cIMT in Korean children. Though the results approached statistical significance, we could not prove an increase of cIMT in obese children or an association between cIMT and BMI, due to the study's small sample size. In the future, larger and more extensive trials are needed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2006

This study obtained the following conclusions by making a comparative study on fatty liver diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography and clinical laboratory findings. I surveyed the value of abdominal ultrasound in 400 patients without clinical symptoms at C Health Clinic Center, Seoul. 1. Compare with blood pressure was high(systolic/diastolic) in 7.5%/4.5% on persons who were diagnosed fatty liver. 2. At the time of the diagnosis, Total cholesterol level was increased in fatty liver patients, HDL-cholesterol level was high in fatty liver patients. And Trigryceride level was increased in fatty liver persons, LDL-cholesterol was high in fatty liver persons. 3. SGOT level was increased in 5.5% on patients who were diagnosed fatty liver, 0% on persons who were normal and SGPT level was high in 29.5% on people who were diagnosed fatty liver, 0% on patients who were diagnosed normal.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.289-301
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• 2011

This study is a research based on the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design whose purpose is to examine the effects of music therapy on the anxiety of patients who take the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) test and their feeling of discomfort during the test. "The first hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be lower in score for anxiety during the MRI test than the control group who do not was supported because after the therapy, the experimental group was found significantly decreased in that score in comparison to the control group. "The second hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be fewer in vital signs after the MRI test than the control group who do not" was rejected in terms of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. But the same hypothesis was partially supported because the two groups showed a significant difference in pulse rate after the test. "The third hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be less in the feeling of subjective discomfort during the MRI test than the control group who do not" was verified to find that the two groups were significantly different from each other in the feeling. Specifically, there was a significant difference between the two groups in only one sub-area of that feeling, that is, tension. These findings suggest that music therapy could be an alternative method which can effectively reduce the state anxiety of patients during the magnetic resonace imaging(MRI) test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2017

This study is a research based on the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design whose purpose is to examine the effects of music therapy on the anxiety of patients who take the Intravenous Urography test and their feeling of discomfort during the test. "The first hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be lower in score for anxiety during the Intravenous UrographyI test than the control group who do not was supported because after the therapy, the experimental group was found significantly decreased in that score in comparison to the control group. "The second hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be fewer in vital signs after the Intravenous Urography test than the control group who do not" was rejected in terms of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. But the same hypothesis was partially supported because the two groups showed a significant difference in pulse rate after the test. "The third hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be less in the feeling of subjective discomfort during the Intravenous Urography test than the control group who do not" was verified to find that the two groups were significantly different from each other in the feeling. Specifically, there was a significant difference between the two groups in only one sub-area of that These findings suggest that music therapy could be an alternative method which can effectively reduce the state anxiety of patients during the Intravenous Urography test.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.475-481
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• 2006

Purpose : As the prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus have become problems. High homocysteine levels and low vitamin $B_{12}$ supplementation are acknowledged to have a role in coronary artery disease, but there are few studies on homocysteine, insulin and vitamin $B_{12}$ levels in obese children. We aimed to study whether homocysteine, insulin, vitamin $B_{12}$, folic acid levels could have any difference and relation in obese children. Methods : The disease group consisted of 27 children from 8 to 11 years old, whose obesity index was over 130. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children of the same age group. Obesity index and body mass index were calculated by height and body weight of the children, and their systolic and diastolic blood pressures at resting state were checked. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, homocysteine, insulin, vitamin $B_{12}$, folic acid levels were studied after 10 hours of fasting. Intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, protein, mineral, muscle mass, lean body fat, fat mass and fat percentages were checked by bioelectrical impedance. Results : Homocysteine levels were higher in obese children($8.1{\pm}2.1{\mu}mol/mL$ vs. $4.9{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol/mL$). Insulin levels were also higher in obese children($26.8{\pm}11.2{\mu}IU/mL$ vs. $12.5{\pm}5.24{\mu}IUl/mL$). Vitamin $B_{12}$ was lower in obese children($798.6{\pm}174.3pg/mL$ vs. $967.8{\pm}405.0pg/mL$). But there was not a difference in the folic acid levels between the two groups. In obese children, systolic blood pressure (r=0.535), triglyceride(r=0.517), total cholesterol(r=0.408), folic acid(r=0.408), vitamin $B_{12}$(r=0.338) and abdomoanl fat %(r=0.306) had a positive correlation. Conclusion : We found definite differences of insulin, homocysteine, and vitamin $B_{12}$ plasma levels in obese children, but we need more study to use those parameters as risk factors of metabolic syndrome in pediatric obese patients.