• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.162-169
• /
• 2008

Film restoration is to detect the location and extent of defected regions from a given movie film, and if present, to reconstruct the lost information of each regions. It has gained increasing attention by many researchers, to support multimedia service of high quality. Among artifacts, scratch is the most frequent degradation. In this paper, an automatic film line scratch removal system is developed that can detect and restore all kind of scratches. For this we use the spatial information of scratches: The scratch in old films has lower or higher brightness than neighboring pixels in its vicinity and usually appears as a vertically long thin line. Our systems consists of scratch detection and scratch restoration. The scratches of various types are detected by neural network based texture classifier and morphology-based shape filter and then the degraded regions are restored using bilinear interpolation. To assess the validity of the Proposed method, it has been tested with all kinds of scratches, and then experimental results show that the proposed approach is robust to various scratches and efficient to apply a real film removal system.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2016

Microcontrollers (MCUs) for endpoint smart sensor devices of internet-of-thing (IoT) are being implemented as system-on-chip (SoC) with on-chip instruction flash memory, in which user firmware is embedded. MCUs directly fetch binary code-based instructions through bit-line sense amplifier (S/A) integrated with on-chip flash memory. The S/A compares bit cell current with reference current to identify which data are programmed. The S/A in reading '0' (erased) cell data consumes a large sink current, which is greater than off-current for '1' (programmed) cell data. The main motivation of our approach is to reduce the number of accesses of erased cells by binary code level transformation. This paper proposes a built-in write/read path architecture using binary code inversion method based on hot-spot region detection of instruction code access to reduce sensing current in S/A. From the profiling result of instruction access patterns, hot-spot region of an original compiled binary code is conditionally inverted with the proposed bit-inversion techniques. The de-inversion hardware only consumes small logic current instead of analog sink current in S/A and it is integrated with the conventional S/A to restore original binary instructions. The proposed techniques are applied to the fully-custom designed MCU with ARM Cortex-M0$^{TM}$ using 0.18um Magnachip Flash-embedded CMOS process and the benefits in terms of power consumption reduction are evaluated for Dhrystone$^{TM}$ benchmark. The profiling environment of instruction code executions is implemented by extending commercial ARM KEIL$^{TM}$ MDK (MCU Development Kit) with our custom-designed access analyzer.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.447-470
• /
• 2014

Numerical simulation of the non-linear behavior of (RC) structural walls subjected to severe earthquake ground motions requires a reliable modeling approach that includes important material characteristics and behavioral response features. The objective of this paper is to optimize a simplified method for the assessment of the seismic response and damage development analyses of an RC structural wall building using macro-element model. The first stage of this study investigates effectiveness and ability of the macro-element model in predicting the flexural nonlinear response of the specimen based on previous experimental test results conducted in UCLA. The sensitivity of the predicted wall responses to changes in model parameters is also assessed. The macro-element model is next used to examine the dynamic behavior of the structural wall building-all the way from elastic behavior to global instability, by applying an approximate Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA), based on Uncoupled Modal Response History Analysis (UMRHA), setting up nonlinear single degree of freedom systems. Finally, the identification of the global stiffness decrease as a function of a damage variable is carried out by means of this simplified methodology. Responses are compared at various locations on the structural wall by conducting static and dynamic pushover analyses for accurate estimation of seismic performance of the structure using macro-element model. Results obtained with the numerical model for rectangular wall cross sections compare favorably with experimental responses for flexural capacity, stiffness, and deformability. Overall, the model is qualified for safety assessment and design of earthquake resistant structures with structural walls.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.2131-2136
• /
• 2016

Background: Cancer is currently one of the main public health problems all over the world and its economic burden is substantial both for health systems and for society as a whole. To inform priorities for cancer control, we here estimated years of potential life lost (YPLL) and productivity losses due to cancer-related premature mortality in Iran from 2006 to 2010. Materials and Methods: The number of cancer deaths by sex and age groups for top ten leading cancers in Iran were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. To estimate the YPLL and the cost of productivity loss due to cancer-related premature mortality, the life expectancy method and the human capital approach were used, respectively. Results: There were 138,228 cancer-related deaths in Iran (without Tehran province) of which 76 % (106,954) were attributable to the top 10 ranked cancers. Some 63 % of total cancer-related deaths were of males. The top 10 ranked cancers resulted in 106,766,942 YPLL in total, 64,171,529 (60 %) in males and 42,595,412 (40%) in females. The estimated YPPLL due to top 10 ranked cancers was 58,581,737 during the period studied of which 32,214,524 (54%) was accounted for in males. The total cost of lost productivity caused by premature deaths because of top 10 cancers was 1.68 billion dollars (US$) from 2006 to 2010, ranging from 251 million dollars in 2006 to 283 million dollars in 2010. Conclusions: This study showed that the economic burden of premature mortality attributable to cancer is significant for Iranian society. The findings provide useful information about the economic impact of cancer for health system policy/decision makers and should facilitate planning of preventive intervention and effective resource allocation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.5 no.2 s.10
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 1997

Researches in the field of Computer Graphics and Geographical Information Systems(GIS) have extensively studied the method of photo-realistic landscape modelling, because it have become a commom requirement in applications such as flight simulators, mission rehearsal, and construction planning. A common approach to the display of terrain uses a Digital Elevation Model(DEM). DEM is an evenly spaced array of the terrain elevation data and can be obtained from stereo satellite data. With the DEM data, the process of 3D terrain modelling consists of three steps. The first step is to extract the meaningful data (such as peak, pit, passes...) from DEM data based on LOD(Level Of Detail) criteria. The second is to construct the 3D surface by TIN, which represents a surface as a set of non-overlapping continuous triangular facets of irregular size and shape. The third is a rendering of 3D terrain model. The goal of this research is a construction of 3D terrain with TIN. To do this, we are going to app]y Radial Sweep Algorithm. Radial Sweep Algorithm for generating TIN works quickly and efficiently. However, it does not solve the problem caused by the approximated nature of triangulated surface. To solve this problem, this research derive improved radial sweep algorithms with the optimal triangle definition.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.477-481
• /
• 2008

Place recognition is necessary for a mobile user to be provided with place-dependent information. This paper proposes real-time video based place recognition system that identifies users' current place while moving in the building. As for the feature extraction of a scene, there have been existing methods based on global feature analysis that has drawback of sensitive-ness for the case of partial occlusion and noises. There have also been local feature based methods that usually attempted object recognition which seemed hard to be applied in real-time system because of high computational cost. On the other hand, researches using statistical methods such as HMM(hidden Markov models) or bayesian networks have been used to derive place recognition result from the feature data. The former is, however, not practical because it requires huge amounts of efforts to gather the training data while the latter usually depends on object recognition only. This paper proposes a combined approach of global and local feature analysis for feature extraction to complement both approaches' drawbacks. The proposed method is applied to a mobile information system and shows real-time performance with competitive recognition result.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.9 no.10
• /
• pp.1257-1265
• /
• 2006

As XML is increasingly used, the need of researches which are related with XML in various fields is also augmented. Many XML document management systems have been actively developed especially for the storage, processing and retrieval of XML documents. The BitCube is a three dimensional bitmap index system that could be manipulated efficiently and improves the performance of document retrieval. However, the site of index is increase rapidly, when a new bit is added to the axis. This problem is caused by its three dimensional memory structure with document, path and word. We suggest a path combining strategy of XML documents in this paper to solve the problem of BitCube that mentioned above. To reduce the size of index, our approach combines sibling nodes that has same ancestor paths, and transforms word axis into value axis. The method reduces the size of index, when the system com poses the three dimensional bitmap index. It also improves the speed of retrieving, and takes efficiency in storage space.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2020

Parents' desire for daily English practice for students and the urge for a etter English education has led to a demand for a highly qualified educational curriculum. In addition to getting deep-dive insights into parents' decision-making process, the increasingly important role of STEM education method has been proved in accordance with plenty of evidenced-based many of previous research. This study was conducted to examine the five independent factors affecting parents' intentions when designating English centers for their children, respectively named: Facility, Teachers, Brands, Social factors and Tuition. Through a preliminary approach, 235 samples were analyzed. Analysis of the sample responses reveals the importance level of five independent factors affecting Parents' intention to choose English centers in descending order: Facilities, Teachers, Brands, Tuition and Social factors. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between STEM and Intention to choose English centers, indicating that whether the center applies STEM-related curriculum in English courses or not, in fact, has a significant impact on parents' decision. In terms of attitude towards STEM, further statistical tests revealed an interesting finding, which is the fact that how STEM affects Intention of parents is directly proportional to the Attitude towards STEM. With the help of SPSS 20 and AMOS 20, the SEM analysis was processed in order to draw conclusions about factors impacting Intentions to choose English centers. Combining with Multi-group analysis, the major role of STEM education has been assessed in relation to plenty of correlations. In light of recent major and massive growth of English teaching market in Vietnam, several suggestions and recommendations in terms of sustainable developments have been displayed in this research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.340-347
• /
• 2008

Ubiquitous services are high quality and differentiated services which are provided for users by recognizing the context of users and environmental conditions actively. In this case, context-aware middleware is one of the most important technologies required to implement the ubiquitous services. In this paper, we propose a method for providing ubiquitous services in a specific user space effectively and monitoring human bio-sensors. That is, the design and implementation of intelligent home service middleware and monitoring bio-sensors based on context awareness is discussed here. Context information from various sensors is gathered, and suitable services are inferred and provided to users by the middleware system. In our approach, user services can be modelled easily by using facts and rules, and the system can be extended easily to support various ubiquitous services other than intelligent home services also. The system can be integrated with external applications and legacy systems effectively by using various protocols such as RMI, socket and HTTP, XML and etc. We have designed and evaluated various facts and rules for intelligent home services in real environments. Functionality evaluation with the system shows that ubiquitous services can be provided to users effectively in a home environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.724-727
• /
• 2008

Studies on binary adder have been variously developed. According to those studies of critical worst delay and mean delay time of asynchronous binary adders, carry select adders (CSA) based on hybrid structure showed 17% better performance than ripple carry adders (RCA) in 32 bit asynchronous processors, and 23% better than in 64 bit microprocessor implemented. In the complicated signal processing systems such as RSA, it is essential to optimize the performance of binary adders which play fundamental roles. The researches which have been studied so far were subject mostly to addition algorithms or adder structures. In this study, we analyzed and designed adders in an asp;ect of synthesis method. We divided the ways of implementing adders into groups, each of which was synthesized with different synthesis options. Also, we analyzed the variously implemented adders to evaluate the performance and area so that we can propose a different approach of designing optimal binary adders.