• 대한간호학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.489-504
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was investigated the mediating effect of coping behaviors in the relationship between the second victim experiences after patient safety incidents and the nursing practice changes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed using structured questionnaires. Participants were 218 clinical nurses in general tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected through an online survey and snowball sampling from August 11 to September 6 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 program. A mediation analysis was performed using multiple regression and a simple mediation model applying the PROCESS macro with 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval. Results: The mean scores of second victim experiences was 3.41/5. Approach coping (β = .55, p < .001) and the avoidant coping (β = - .23, p = .001) showed mediation effects in the relationship between second victim experiences and constructive change in nursing practice. Avoidant coping (β = .29, p < .001) showed a mediation effect in the relationship between second victim experiences and defensive change in nursing practice. Conclusion: Coping behaviors has a mediating effect on the relationship between second victim experiences and nursing practice changes. To ensure that nurses do not experience second victim, medical institutions should have a culture of patient safety that employs a systematic approach rather than blame individuals. They also need to develop strategies that enhance approach coping and reducing avoidant coping to induce nurses' constructive practice changes in clinical nurses in experiencing second victims due to patient safety incidents.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2021

Background and objective: Urban street trees play an important role in carbon reduction in cities where greenspace is scarce. There are ongoing studies on carbon reduction by street trees. However, information on the carbon reduction capacity of street trees based on field surveys is still limited. This study aimed to quantify carbon uptake and storage by urban street trees and suggest a method to improve planting of trees in order to increase their carbon reduction capacity. Methods: The cities selected were Sejong, Chungju, and Jeonju among cities without research on carbon reduction, considering the regional distribution in Korea. In the cities, 155 sample sites were selected using systematic sampling to conduct a field survey on street environments and planting structures. The surveyed data included tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), diameter at root collar (DRC), height, crown width, and vertical structures. The carbon uptake and storage per tree were calculated using the quantification models developed for the urban trees of each species. Results: The average carbon uptake and storage of street trees were approximately 7.2 ± 0.6 kg/tree/yr and 87.1 ± 10.2 kg/tree, respectively. The key factors determining carbon uptake and storage were tree size, vertical structure, the composition of tree species, and growth conditions. The annual total carbon uptake and storage were approximately 1,135.8 tons and 22,737.8 tons, respectively. The total carbon uptake was about the same amount as carbon emitted by 2,272 vehicles a year. Conclusion: This study has significance in providing the basic unit to quantify carbon uptake and storage of street trees based on field surveys. To improve the carbon reduction capacity of street trees, it is necessary to consider planning strategies such as securing and extending available grounds and spaces for high-density street trees with a multi-layered structure.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2020

본 연구는 2019년 3월부터 2019년 4월까지 2개월 동안 진행되었으며, G 광역시의 댄스스포츠 동호인들을 모집단으로 선정하였다. 조사대상은 편의표본추출법을 사용하였으며, 자기평가기입법으로 응답자에게 직접 작성토록 하였고, 댄스스포츠 통호인들을 대상으로 총 300부를 최종적으로 사용하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS Ver. 23.0 버전의 통계 프로그램을 활용하여 전산처리하였다. 설문지의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하기 위해 탐색적 요인분석과 Cronbach' α 방법을 실시하였고, 각 변인간의 상관성과 공선성을 확인하기 위하여 상관관계분석을 실시하였으며, 각 변인간의 인과관계를 살펴보기 위하여 다증회귀분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 참여 동기(인지 지향, 건강지향, 기술지향, 시설지향)는 재미요인에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 참여 동기(건강지향, 기술지향, 시설지향)는 운동중독에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 재미요인은 운동중독에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결과를 종합해 보면, 참여 동기가 재미요인과 운동중독에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 원인은 댄스스포츠 동호인들의 심리적으로 긍정적인 참여 동기가 운동에 대한 재미와 운동 중독에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2022

Machine learning (ML) data-driven meta-model is proposed as a surrogate model to reduce the excessive computational cost of the physics-based model and facilitate the real-time prediction of a nuclear power plant's transient response. To forecast the transient response three machine learning (ML) meta-models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs); specifically, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and a sequence combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and LSTM are developed. The chosen accident scenario is a control element assembly withdrawal at power concurrent with the Loss Of Offsite Power (LOOP). The transient response was obtained using the best estimate thermal hydraulics code, MARS-KS, and cross-validated against the Design and control document (DCD). DAKOTA software is loosely coupled with MARS-KS code via a python interface to perform the Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty Quantification (BEPU) analysis and generate a time series database of the system response to train, test and validate the ML meta-models. Key uncertain parameters identified as required by the CASU methodology were propagated using the non-parametric Monte-Carlo (MC) random propagation and Latin Hypercube Sampling technique until a statistically significant database (181 samples) as required by Wilk's fifth order is achieved with 95% probability and 95% confidence level. The three ML RNN models were built and optimized with the help of the Talos tool and demonstrated excellent performance in forecasting the most probable NPP transient response. This research was guided by the Systems Engineering (SE) approach for the systematic and efficient planning and execution of the research.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1041-1041
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• 2001

Removal of variability in spectra data before the application of chemometric modeling will generally result in simpler (and presumably more robust) models. Particularly for sparsely sampled data, such as typically encountered in diode array instruments, the use of Savitzky-Golay (S-G) derivatives offers an effective method to remove effects of shifting baselines and sloping or curving apparent baselines often observed with scattering samples. The application of these convolution functions is equivalent to fitting a selected polynomial to a number of points in the spectrum, usually 5 to 25 points. The value of the polynomial evaluated at its mid-point, or its derivative, is taken as the (smoothed) spectrum or its derivative at the mid-point of the wavelength window. The process is continued for successive windows along the spectrum. The original paper, published in 1964 [1] presented these convolution functions as integers to be used as multipliers for the spectral values at equal intervals in the window, with a normalization integer to divide the sum of the products, to determine the result for each point. Steinier et al. [2] published corrections to errors in the original presentation [1], and a vector formulation for obtaining the coefficients. The actual selection of the degree of polynomial and number of points in the window determines whether closely situated bands and shoulders are resolved in the derivatives. Furthermore, the actual noise reduction in the derivatives may be estimated from the square root of the sums of the coefficients, divided by the NORM value. A simple technique to evaluate the actual convolution factors employed in the calculation by the software will be presented. It has been found that some software packages do not properly account for the sampling interval of the spectral data (Equation Ⅶ in [1]). While this is not a problem in the construction and implementation of chemometric models, it may be noticed in comparing models at differing spectral resolutions. Also, the effects on parameters of PLS models of choosing various polynomials and numbers of points in the window will be presented.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1993

This study is designed to find clues to make a plan for efficient hospital bed utilization. Author has tried to estimate the level of appropriateness and to find out factors affecting intra-hospital variation of inappropriate bed utilization using modified Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol of which criteria are based on service intensity and patients' conditions. Systematic random sampling was done from the population of inpatients during one month in on university hospital. Data were collected by concurrent and retrospective medical record review and analysed by multiple logistic regression. In medical services, 83.5% of admission reveals appropriate and the level of inappropriate admission shows significant differences by patients' residence, type of department admitted to, admission 개\ulcorner, and length of stay. In surgical services, 97.3% and 34.7% are appropriate in location and timing of surgery respectively. Inappropriate timing of surgery differs significantly depending on patients' age, type of department admitted to, admission route, and length of stay. Sixty two percent of hospital days shows appropriate and the level of inappropriateness show marked differences by patients'age, type of services, admission routes, part of the month, part of the stay, and length of stay. Inappropriate hospital days are due to inappropriate level of care, premature admission, improper scheduling of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and problems in scheduling surgery in sequence. In conclusion, substantially high proportion of inappropriate hospital bed utilization was confirmed. To reduce it, it is necessary to develop alternative services with which can replace inpatient services, and to introduce utilization management system which may include internal peer review.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

To understand the health conditions and growth patterns of forest estate for environmental resilience and climate change mitigation, assessment of structure and species diversity is paramount. This study aimed at assessing the structure, alpha, and beta diversities of tree species in three ecological zones in Taraba, Nigeria for management purposes. In recent time, no research has been reported on the structure and beta diversity of the study areas. A systematic sampling design was used for data collection. Five sample plots of 50×50 m were laid in each of the six natural forest areas. The result showed a mean DBH (42.5 cm) and a tree height (15.0 m) from the forests. The forests have a structure of an inverse "J-shape," which is typical of natural forests in the tropics. The southern Guinea savanna zone had the highest mean Shannon-Weiner diversity index (2.8). The least beta diversity index (0.02) was between Baissa and Jen Gininya forest areas. Baissa and Bakin Dutse Protected Forest Areas (PFAs) contained 76.5% of the tree species. There is a high chance of all tree species to be found in these 2 forest areas. Proximity to a location influences how similar two tree species are, according to the least beta diversity index (0.02) recorded. The Federal Government's method of management for the forest, known as Gashaka Gumti National Park, may be responsible for the high beta diversity index in the Montane ecozone. Therefore, it should be strongly encouraged to practice strict oversight of natural areas, as their contributions to reducing climate change in Taraba State, Nigeria, cannot be overstated.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2006

낙동강 하구지역에는 부산점토라고 불리는 연약점토가 두텁게 분포하고 있다. 과거 10년 동안에 대단위 지반개량 사업이 수행되어 왔지만, 주로 시료교란 때문에 압밀침하량과 시간을 아주 과소평가하여 왔었다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 부산점토에 대한 체계적인 지반조사에 의하여 압축특성을 규명할 필요가 요구되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 해안지역의 두 현장에서 개선된 시료채취기술을 적용하여 얻어진 시료에 대하여 지질조사, 불교란 및 교란 시료에 대한 압밀실험이 수행되었다. 이 결과를 이용하여 각종 압축정수의 산정과 그들의 상관성을 규명하였으며, 특히 퇴적환경에 따라 물리적 특성, 구조수준, 교란도 및 압축정수의 변화를 분석하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

Background: Plant vegetation appears in heterogeneous and patchy forms in arid and semi-arid regions. In these regions, underneath the plant patches and the empty spaces between them are covered by biological soil crusts (moss, lichen, cyanobacteria, and fungi). Biological soil crusts lead to the formation and development of fertile islands in between vegetation patches via nitrogen and carbon fixation and the permeation of runoff water and nutrients in the soil. Results: The present study has investigated the association of biological soil crusts, the development of fertile islands, and the formation of plant patches in part of the Takht-e Soltan protected area, located in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Three sites were randomly selected as the working units and differentiated based on their geomorphological characteristics to the alluvial fan, hillslope, and fluvial terrace landforms. Two-step systematic random sampling was conducted along a 100-meter transect using a 5 m² plot at a 0-5 cm depth in three repetitions. Fifteen samplings were carried out at each site with a total of 45 samples taken. The results showed that the difference in altitude has a significant relationship with species diversity and decreases with decreasing altitude. Results have revealed that the moisture content of the site, with biocrust has had a considerable increase compared to the other sites, helping to form vegetation patterns and fertile islands. Conclusions: The findings indicated that biological crusts had impacted the allocation of soil parameters. They affect the formation of plant patches by increasing the soil's organic carbon, nitrogen, moisture and nutrient content provide a suitable space for plant growth by increasing the soil fertility in the inter-patch space.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.561-573
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• 2023

한국원자력연구원은 심부 암반의 수리/지화학 특성 분석을 위해 KURT (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel)를 건설하였고, 다수의 조사용 시추공을 시추하여 각종 시험을 수행 중이다. 시추공 조사에서 목적에 적합한 조사 구간 선정은 매우 중요하며 수리 유동 파악 및 지하수 채수가 목적인 경우, 유량이 풍부한 구간이 조사 목적에 부합한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 구간을 수리 이상점으로 정의했으며, 심도 1km 수준의 시추공 물리검층 자료(온도, 전기전도도)를 활용하여 이를 탐지하고자 하였다. 체계적이고 효율적인 이상점 탐지를 위해 기계학습 알고리즘 중 DBSCAN, OCSVM, kNN, isolation forest을 적용하고 그 적용성을 파악하였다. 데이터 전처리와 알고리즘 최적화를 수행했으며, 그 결과 네 가지 알고리즘은 각각 55, 12, 52, 68개의 수리 이상점을 탐지하였다. 본 논문을 통해 기계학습 알고리즘의 활용 가능성을 확인했으나, 학습에 활용된 입력자료가 제한적이었기 때문에, 향후 추가적인 검증과 보완이 바람직한 것으로 판단된다.