• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.19.1-19.12
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies regarding the effectiveness of reciprocating and rotary instrumentation on microbial reduction in root canals. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and the gray literature were searched through December 2019. Studies comparing the influence of reciprocating and rotary instrumentation on the removal of microorganisms from root canals that quantified the antimicrobial effect were included. Data extraction was completed using a systematic form for data collection. The risk of bias of the studies was evaluated. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects meta-analysis. Results: Seventeen in vitro studies were included in this systematic review, of which 7 provided adequate data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Both reciprocating and rotary systems were similarly effective in reducing the microbial load in infected root canals (SMD [95% CI], 0.0481 [-0.271, 0.367]). Three studies showed a low risk of bias, whereas most of the studies (82%) presented a medium risk. Conclusions: Although both techniques decrease the microbial content (with reductions of 23.32%-88.47% and 23.33%-89.86% for reciprocating and rotary instrumentation, respectively), they are not able to provide complete disinfection of root canals.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1033-1041
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 크기비례 계통추출법에서 적용할 수 있는 다양한 분산추정 방법들을 정리하고 각 분산추정 방법들의 통계적 특성에 대해서 논의하였다. 이론적으로 하나의 계통표본을 가지고 비편향 분산추정량을 구하는 것은 불가능 하지만 실제 표본자료 분석에 있어서 어떤 대안이 있을 수 있는지 살펴보고, 다양한 분산추정 방법들의 성질을 상대편향 및 상대평균제곱오차 관점에서 비교해 보았다. 또한 우리나라 가구나 사업체 표본설계에서 흔히 발생하는 2단 크기비례 계통추출 표본에서 적용 가능한 효과적인 분산추정 방법을 알아보기 위해 2008년 사업체근로실태조사 자료의 근로자 평균임금과 2011년 식품원료소비실태조사 자료의 가구당 연평균 쌀 소비량의 분산 추정 문제를 기초로 모의실험을 수행하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.596-608
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• 2018

The present study aims to assess test uncertainty assessment method of nominal wake field measurement by a Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) system in a towing tank. The systematic uncertainty of the SPIV system was estimated from repeated uniform flow measurements. In the uniform flow measurement case, time interval between image frames and uniform flow speed were varied to examine the effects of particle displacement and flow around the SPIV system on the systematic standard uncertainty. The random standard uncertainty was assessed by repeating nominal wake field measurements and the estimated random standard uncertainty was compared with that of laser Doppler velocimetry. The test uncertainty assessment method was applied to nominal wake measurement tests of a very large crude oil carrier model ship. The nominal wake measurement results were compared with existing experimental database by other measurement methods, with its assessed uncertainty.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2015

Objectives: The epidemiological characteristics of breast cancer incidence by age group in Korean women are unique. This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast cancer risk in Korean women. Methods: We searched electronic databases such as KoreaMed, KMbase, KISS, and RISS4U as well as PubMed for publications on Korean breast cancer patients. We also conducted manual searching based on references and citations in potential papers. All of the analytically epidemiologic studies that obtained individual data on HRT exposure and breast cancer occurrence in Korean women were selected. We restricted the inclusion of case-control studies to those that included age-matched controls. Estimates of summary odds ratio (SOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effect models. Results: One cohort and five case-control studies were finally selected. Based on the heterogeneity that existed among the six studies (I-squared=70.2%), a random effect model was applied. The summary effect size of HRT history from the six articles indicated no statistical significance in breast cancer risk (SOR, 0.983; 95% CI, 0.620 to 1.556). Conclusions: These facts support no significant effect of HRT history in the risk of breast cancer in Korean women. It is necessary to conduct a pooled analysis.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.522-522
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• 2015

In this study, the effect of threshold applied to the radar rain rate on the comparison of the radar and rain gauge rain rate was theoretically examined. The result derived was also evaluated theoretically, using the Bernoulli random field, and empirically, using Mt. Kwanak weather radar data. The results are summarized as follows. (1) In the application to the Bernoulli random field, it was found that the comparison of the radar and rain gauge rain rate with threshold does not introduce any systematic bias. (2) The same results could also be derived in the application to Mt Kwanak weather radar data. In all cases with several radar bin sizes and thresholds considered, the bias was estimated to be far less than 10% of the mean of the rain gauge rain rate. (3) However, in the comparison with threshold applied to both the radar and rain gauge rain rate, the bias was estimated to be higher than 20%. That is, the systematic bias was introduced. This result indicates that the comparison with threshold applied to both the radar and rain gauge rain rate should not be used.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2022

Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which cognitive and executive functions are reduced, and older adults with MCI are ten times more likely to develop dementia than healthy older adults. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through aerobic exercise is associated with increased cognitive and executive functions. in this review, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of aerobic exercise on BDNF in individuals with mild cognitive impairment are summarized and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to suggest the necessity of aerobic exercise. Design: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: RCTs were searched for changes in BDNF through aerobic exercise using four international databases. Quality assessment and quantitative analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4. Quantitative analysis was quantified with a standardized mean difference (SMD) and presented as a random effect model. Results: Three RCTs evaluated BDNF in 123 patients with MCI. There was a significant improvement in the experimental group that performed aerobic exercise compared to the control group. The results analyzed using the random effects model were SMD = 0.48. Conclusions: In this review, we reported the effects and mechanisms of aerobic exercise in individuals with MCI. As a result of synthesizing RCTs that performed aerobic exercise, a significant increase in BDNF was confirmed.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2023

Objective: Chemotherapy is usually given to inhibit cancer progression. It is the most common side effect of chemotherapyinduced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) after chemotherapy, and its symptoms include pain such as paresthesia, dysesthesia, allodynia, hyperalgesia, and electrical stimulation. Therefore, in this review, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were combined to analyze the effect qualitatively and quantitatively in order to find out the effect of manual therapy on patients with CIPN through a meta-analysis. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis Methods: This review conducted a literature search through international databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science) in December 2022 to synthesize the effect of manual therapy on the symptomatic improvement of CIPN. Qualitative evaluation (risk of bias) and quantitative evaluation using ReVMan provided by the Cochrane Group were expressed as a random effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: In four RCTs 165 patients with CIPN were evaluated for symptoms of neuropathy. The experimental group consisting of manual therapy and its subcategories showed significant improvement compared to the control group. The results analyzed through the random effects model were SMD=-1.11; 95% confidence interval, -1.97 to -0.24. Conclusions: We came to the conclusion that manual therapy could significantly contribute to improving the symptoms of CIPN, and since it may vary depending on the technique of manual therapy, further studies on manual therapy suitable for neuropathy are needed.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.471-477
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• 2022

Objective: The greatest motor impairment after stroke is a decreased ability to walk. Most stroke patients achieve independent gait, but approximately 70% do not reach normal speed, making it difficult to reach a standard of daily living. Therefore, a wearable exoskeleton is recommended for optimal independent gait because different residual disorders hinder motor function after stroke. This review synthesized the effect on gait speed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which gait training using a wearable exoskeleton was performed on post-stroke patients for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a randomized controlled trials Methods: RCTs using wearable exoskeletons in robotic rehabilitation of post-stroke patients were extracted from an international electronic database. For quality assessment and quantitative analysis, RevMan 5.4 was used. Quantitative analysis was calculated as the standardized mean difference (SMD) and presented as a random effect model. Results: Five studies involving 197 post-stroke patients were included in this review. As a result of the analysis using a random effect model, gait training using a wearable exoskeleton in post-stroke patients showed a significant improvement in gait speed compared to the non-wearing exoskeleton (SMD=1.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 1.78). Conclusions: This study concluded that a wearable exoskeleton was more effective than conventional gait training in improving the gait speed in post-stroke patients.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.192-205
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• 2023

Objectives: Previous studies have evaluated the association between mercury exposure and obesity but have yielded mixed conclusions. The aim of this study was to systematically review and summarize scientific evidence regarding the association between mercury exposure and obesity in the human population. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct for articles related to mercury exposure and obesity. Meta-analyses of the highest and lowest categories of mercury levels were evaluated using a random effects model. Begg's test was used to detect publication bias. Results: A total of 9 articles were included. The pooled random effects odds ratio (OR) for mercury exposure and obesity of all 9 studies was 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-2.38). This positive association was evident in adults (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.02-2.54) and among studies with Asian populations (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.53-2.59), but not among those with North America/African populations (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.50-1.65). Conclusions: The present meta-analysis identified a positive association between mercury exposure and obesity. These findings suggest that toxic environmental metals such as mercury may be an important risk factor for obesity along with dietary habits and lifestyles.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2023

Objective: A previous study reported that cardiovascular training (CT) decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine with bidirectional effects. However, because of conflicting results of increasing and decreasing IL-6 levels in stroke patients, it is essential to clarify the effects of CT on IL-6 levels in this population. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate the effects of CT on IL-6 levels in stroke patients through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), synthesizing and analyzing the effects qualitatively and quantitatively. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods: In this review, conducted in April 2023, electronic databases (Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Google Scholar) were searched to ascertain the effects of CT on IL-6 levels in stroke patients. For qualitative evaluation, ReVMan, provided by the Cochrane Group, was used, and for quantitative evaluation, a random-effects model and SMD (Standardized Mean Difference) were used. Results: Three RCTs measured IL-6 in 117 patients with stroke. The experimental group to which CT was applied showed no significant change compared to the control group.The result of analysis using the random effect model is SMD=-0.23; 95% confidence interval, -0.66 to 0.20. Conclusions: CT does not affect IL-6 levels in stroke patients. These results suggest that CT can be applied regardless of its positive or negative effect on IL-6 levels in stroke patients.