• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.281-287
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• 2011

Recently, bridge construction technology has made great progress from development of high performance materials and new bridge types. However, most technology are based on methods of cast-in-place and material cost saving. The method of cast-in-place concrete causes environmental damages and costumer complaints. Especially, under bad weather conditions, the construction can not proceed. To overcome these disadvantages, new construction methods were developed to reduce construction time. These methods are called precast method. Most prefabricated methods have been applied to superstructure constructions of bridges, but very minutely applied to substructure constructions. The most important agendas on precast method are light weight and transportability of the precasted members, because very strict transporting specifications exist for road transportation of the precasted members. For example, the weight and length of coping members may be larger than the available transporting vehicles. Although column is constructed by precast method to save construction time, if coping member is constructed by cast-in-place method, then the column construction time reduction becomes meaningless. Therefore, in this study, a new precast coping member and a connecting system of column-coping member are proposed. The proposed method is verified by analyzing their ultimate performance through analysis and experimental study.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.531-542
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• 1997

In this paper,we propose applicable methodology using simple scenarios for the architecture and its procedure of sibnalling at the NNI for B-ISDN in Korea.By the recent technologies,the flexible and intergrated networks of the future are designed, and the infrastructure hardware and software of those networks are sdsigned based on the modular concepts.Also the ATM-based B-ISDN must be able to support the broadband transmission function for providing various services with diverse bandwidths such as multimedia serivce and the function for controlling services and bandwidth is necessaty.Currently,the trquirements at the NNI for B-ISDN in korea atr based on the network mode connection type which is connection setup strucuture.They must show the upper/lower layer conformance to have the flexibility in new services and guarantee the interoperability between the network functions.But,network functions and protocol specifications described in this paper are limity to the first stage target system in korea.Therefore,we present the modular architecture which is corresponding to the B-ISUP of HAN/B-ISDN with those characteristics.Currently applicable architecture and procedure for B-ISUP and the functions of expandable modular architecture are also proposed.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.571-578
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• 2013

The IHO S-100 is a standard on the universal hydorgraphic data model for supporting information services that integrate various data in maritime and provide proper information for safety of vessels. The S-100 is used to develop S-10x product specifications which are standards on guideline for creation and delivery of specific data set in maritime. The product specification for feature-based data such as ENC(Electronic Navigational Chart) data includes a feature catalogue that describes characteristics of features in that feature-based data. The feature catalogue is developed by domain experts with knowledge on data of the target domain. However, it is not feasible to develop a feature catalogue according to the XML schema by manual. In the IHO TSMAD committee meeting, needs of developing technology on building feature catalogue has been discussed. Therefore, we present a feature catalogue builder that is a GUI(Graphic User Interface) system supporting domain experts to build feature catalogues in XML. The feature catalogue builder is developed to connect with the FCD(Feature Concept Dictionary) register in the IHO(International Hydrographic Organization) GI(Geographic Information) registry. Also, it supports domain experts to select proper feature items based on the relationships between register items.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.791-800
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• 2013

Needs for developing a better way of cost estimating process for public construction projects have been widely recognized. Those needs are mainly from the early phases of the project through the construction life cycle due to the its importance to the control process. In contrast to the traditional estimating method based on unit-price references, this research utilized this following process. The first step is analyzing the real cost data from actual cost activities (2000~2010) about the statement of P.S.C(Prestressed Concrete) Box Girder Bridge. The collected data was broken into four categories based on technical construction methods such as I.L.M(Incremental Launching Method), M.S.S(Movable Scaffolding System), F.S.M(Full Staging Method), and F.C.M(Free Cantilever Method). The second, actual design documents including the actual cost estimating documents, drawings and specifications were carefully reviewed to cluster the cost itemized statement from four categories. It was also attempted to seek the proper breakdown of standard works that are responsible for more than 95 percentage in each categories in terms of its cost. The third, this research comes up the index for standard unit materials and unit price of standard work and develops the approximate estimating model applying for the specification(length and breadth of bridges) per square area that the user takes as well as suggests the practical application plan within the original time alloted.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to suggest the potential domestic and international market conditions vehicles for people with disabilities through a review of the literature and internet resources, and to propose a road map developing South Korean vehicles for people with disabilities taking into consideration the current state of domestic and international technology and the usage of the vehicles for people with disabilities depending on the type of disability. The results of the study are as follows: First, vehicles for people with disabilities safety standards of South Korea do not meet the safety standards of developed countries and the technology of development related vehicles for people with disabilities is not as advanced as that of developed countries. Vehicles for people with disabilities installation methods, specifications, features and safety standards should be designed to be more similar to those of Japan and the United States. Second, vehicle modifications for people with disabilities will become more common as measures directed at promoting the welfare of people with disabilities, such as travel and transportation measures, employment opportunities, education, and funding for vehicle modifications, are implemented along with laws, such as The Americans with Disabilities Act, The British Disability Discrimination Act, and Japan's barrier-free transport law, that protect people with disabilities generally. Third, through a comparative analysis of domestic and international market conditions and demands of people with disabilities in vehicle modifications, important things to pay attention by purchasing a modified vehicle for people with disabilities are the employment rate for people with disabilities and monthly income. To enable this, government agencies and industry bodies should work together through the revision of the current Disability Welfare Act or the enactment of the special law for guiding principles of Disability Welfare Act. Through the future changes in vehicles for people with disabilities-related system or society of South Korean, the annual demand of the vehicles is expected to be more than 10,000.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.143-148
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• 2008

This paper is the output of a collaborative European project concerning the barrier free accessibility for disabled persons to regional and long distance trains in Europe. Disabled people represent around 13% of the population in Europe. This is approximately 63 million people. The range of disabilities includes people with reduced mobility including wheel chair users, viewing and hearing impaired people and other forms of impairment. Improving accessibility aims at contributing to the provision of public transport services to all citizens in an equitable way. The purpose of the project was to analyse and to evaluate the existing solutions at selected European railways for all required modules at the entrance (doors, information and safety solutions), to derive a design concept, to develop a mock-up in meeting the needs of rail travellers with the above mentioned impairments and to test it with user groups. The project also aims at deriving components for the determination of standards. The EUPAX Design Mock-up test was performed to verify the advantages of the layout of the train segment including the different modules such as access area (including the access door, gaps between platform and train as well as boarding aid devices), entrance vestibule, information systems inside and outside the train, emergency facilities, toilet with all conveniences and the additional test arrangements regarding push buttons, steps and emergency equipment. For this purpose a questionnaire was developed for the assessment of the EUPAX segment and the additional test arrangements. With the help of this questionnaire it was possible to execute a quantitative and qualitative evaluation. During three test phases 67 experts and handicapped persons from 6 countries have evaluated the Industrial Design mock-up based on this questionnaire. The test group covered persons from North (Denmark) to the South (Italy) and from the West (Spain) to the Middle of Europe (Germany). This is especially important for the generalization (harmonisation) of the results for all European countries. According to COST 335 the information for people with reduced mobility should be clear, concise, accurate and timely. So that all information can be received from persons, they must be transferred on at least two of the three possible ways (acoustical, visual, tactile), a so called "2-sense-principle". Based on the results ergonomic specifications/ solutions for the ergonomic design of the access area, the acoustic, visual and tactile information and the emergency devices including the emergency communication system were developed, related to the benefiting passenger groups.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

As the network environment develops and speeds up, a lot of smart devices is developed, and a high-speed smart society can be realized while allowing people to interact with objects. As the number of things Internet has surged, a wide range of new security risks and problems have emerged for devices, platforms and operating systems, communications, and connected systems. Due to the physical characteristics of IoT devices, they are smaller in size than conventional systems, and operate with low power, low cost, and relatively low specifications. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the existing security solution used in the existing system. In addition, IoT devices are connected to the network at all times, it is important to ensure that personal privacy exposure, such as eavesdropping, data tampering, privacy breach, information leakage, unauthorized access, Significant security issues can arise, including confidentiality and threats to facilities. In this paper, we investigate cases of security threats and cases of network of IoT, analyze vulnerabilities, and suggest ways to minimize property damage by Internet of things.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.516-521
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the operation of railroad fire fighting vehicles against fires on trains in a long railway tunnel. In recent years, long railway tunnels (more than 10 km in length) have been built and the number of such tunnels, such as the Geumjeong tunnel (20.3 km in length) on the Gyeongbu high speed line, Solan tunnel (16.7 km in length) on the Yeongdong line and Yulhyeon tunnel (50.3 km in length) on the Suseo high speed line which is scheduled to be opened in the second half of 2016, is increasing. Significant damage is to be expected, due to the increased evacuation time and limited accessibility of fire services when the train is stopped by an urgent fire in the tunnel. Special fire fighting vehicles capable of running on rails have been developed and operated in overseas advanced countries. Therefore, a fire-response system using Unimog vehicles, which can run on road and rail, instead of road vehicles, is necessary. The characteristics of the railway tunnel and thermal environmental change caused by a train fire in a tunnel were analyzed in this study. Also, the operational requirements of the railroad fire fighting vehicles were evaluated by taking into account the specifications of the railroad fire fighting vehicles under development.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2016

Purpose: Radiotherapy of the neck is known to cause carotid artery stenosis. We compared the carotid artery dose received between volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and conventional fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans in patients with early glottic cancer. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one early glottic cancer patients who previously underwent definitive radiotherapy were selected for this study. For each patient, double arc VMAT, 8-field IMRT, 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), and lateral parallel-opposed photon field radiotherapy (LPRT) plans were created. The 3DCRT plan was generated using lateral parallel-opposed photon fields plus an anterior photon field. VMAT and IMRT treatment plan optimization was performed under standardized conditions to obtain adequate target volume coverage and spare the carotid artery. Dose-volume specifications for the VMAT, IMRT, 3DCRT, and LPRT plans were calculated with radiotherapy planning system. Monitor units (MUs) and delivery time were measured to evaluate treatment efficiency. Results: Target volume coverage and homogeneity results were comparable between VMAT and IMRT; however, VMAT was superior to IMRT for carotid artery dose sparing. The mean dose to the carotid arteries in double arc VMAT was reduced by 6.8% compared to fixed-field IMRT (p < 0.001). The MUs for VMAT and IMRT were not significantly different (p = 0.089). VMAT allowed an approximately two-fold reduction in treatment delivery time in comparison to IMRT (3 to 5 minutes vs. 5 to 10 minutes). Conclusion: VMAT resulted in a lower carotid artery dose compared to conventional fixed-field IMRT, and maintained good target coverage in patients with early glottic cancer.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.186-193
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• 2021

To enhance the competitiveness of the Busan Port in accordance with changes in global shipping and port industry trends, the Busan New Port is promoting step-by-step integration and developing a port resource-sharing platform. However, inefficient resource-sharing can cause unnecessary additional costs or impede port productivity, so accurate supply and demand matching of shared resources is required. In this study, the supply and demand of port resources were investigated for employees of Busan New Port and North Port, and port resources that could be ideally shared through IPA(Importance Performance Analysis) were analyzed. As a result of analyzing the equipment in the port, Yard Tractor, Reach Stacker, and Top Handler were the top considerations, and for facilities in the port, berths and aprons, empty container yards, and refrigerated container yards were the most important considerations. As for the data in the port, gate status, equipment specifications, and berth and apron conditions were the top considerations.