• 한국가금학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1984

The pattern of economic integration in the broiler industry can be grouped into three categories; 1) non-integration, 2) quasi-integration and 3) complete-integration. It is general to see that the non-integration is quite common under the market conditions of perfect competition, whereas the complete integration is more preferable in the imperfect competition. The quasi-integration, however, exists at all phases where the complete integration is not fully formed and implemented, but the non-integration has begun to alter its nature into integrated structure. The broiler industry in Korea has been characterized with the typically non-integrated independent operation, resulting in considerable price fluctuation and unstable industry as a whole. As a means of solving out the problem stemed from the non-integrated, growers and agribusinessmen involved in broiler industry have tended to develope the regular customer relationship prevailed between two parties. In fact, it has been practiced for years that most growers have been dealt with factor suppliers or processors on a regular basis for advantages of better price and quality, useful information, management help and so forth. Under the customary transaction, no formal contract has been made due to simple buyers and sellers relations, not like the one used to be performed in the form of contractual agreement. The broiler industry realizes the direction to go ahead toward the formal arrangement of integrated system from current regular transactions. As more Vowers, suppliers and processors recognize the necessity of it, the non-integrated industry appears to become the partially integrated by developing the existing customer relationship in such a way that functions of integrators are. further expanded and better organized. As a result, a type of quasi-integration started to show up by an integrator dominated in the field of hatching, feedmilling, dressing and by a grower's coop, It is concluded, therefore, that the evolution of quasi-integration in Korea's broiler industry is continuously taking place, implying the close approach to the completely integrated broiler production and marketing system.

• 대기
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2013

In meteorology, exploitation of Kalman filter as a data assimilation system is virtually impossible due to simultaneous requirements of adjoint model and large computer resource. The other substitute of utilizing ensemble Kalman filter is only affordable by compensating an enormous usage of computing resource. Furthermore, the latter employs ensemble integration sets for evolving the background error covariance matrix by compensating the dynamical feature of the temporal evolution of weather conditions. We propose a new implementation method that works without the adjoint model by utilizing the explicit expression of the background error covariance matrix in backward evolution. It will also break a barrier in the evolution of the covariance matrix. The method may be applied with a slight modification to the real time assimilation or the retrospective analysis.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

This article proposes an integrated systems engineering and safety analysis model for safety-critical systems development. A methodology in system design for safety is considered during the early phase of the development life cycle of systems engineering process. The evolution of the design automation technology has enabled engineers to perform the model-based systems engineering. A Computer-Aided Systems Engineering(CASE) tool, CORE, is utilized to integrate the systems engineering model with a system safety analysis model. The results of the functional analysis phase can drive the analysis of the system safety. An example of Communications-Based Train Control(CBTC) system for an Automated Guided Transit(AGT) system demonstrated an application of the integrated model.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권34호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2004

Recently, the conventional concept of a machine-tool in manufacturing systems is changing from the target of integration to the autonomous manufacturing device based on a knowledge evolution. Subsequently, a machine-tool has been the subject of a cooperation through an advanced environment where an open architecture controller, high speed network and internet technology are contained In the future, a machine-tool will be more improved in the form of a knowledge evolution based device. In order to develop the knowledge evolution based machine-tool, this paper proposes the structure of knowledge evolution and the scheme of a dialogue agent among agent-based modules such as a sensory module, a dialogue module, and an expert system. The dialogue agent has a role of interfacing with another machine for cooperation. To design of the dialogue agent module in M2M(Machine To Machine)environment, FIPA-OS and ping agent based on FIPA-OS are analyzed in this study. Through this, it is expected that the dialogue agent module can be more efficiently designed and the knowledge evolution based machine-tool can be hereafter more easily implemented.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.47.1-47.1
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• 2011

We studied the evolution of the two mass components system with NFW initial density distribution by direct integration of the Fokker-Planck equations. The low mass component is regarded the dark matter particles while the high mass component is assumed to be conglomerates of baryonic matter in order to depict the 'stars'. While the true mass ratio between these two types of particles should be extremely large, our adopted mass ratio is about 1000 beyond which the dynamical evolution and density distribution tend to converge. Since the dynamical evolution is dominated by the dynamical friction, the high mass component slowly moves toward the central part, and eventually undergoes the core collapse. The system reaches the core-collapse at about $7.1{\times}10^{-3}$ $t_{fh}$ in NFW models, where $t_{fh}$is the dynamical friction time at half-mass radius. The distribution of the high mass component is well fitted by the Sersic profiles or modified Hubble profile when the mass segregation is established. From these results, the surface brightness of elliptical galaxies may be explained by the high mass component experiencing dynamical friction by the dark matter particles. In order for the mass segregation to be effective within Hubble time, the mass of the luminous component should be greater than $10^5M_{\bigodot}$.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.1075-1083
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• 2000

The prediction of the inelastic behavior of the structure is an essential part of reliability assessment procedure, because most of the failures are induced by the inelastic deformation, such as creep and plastic deformation. During decades, there has been much progress in understanding of the inelastic behavior of the materials and a lot of inelastic constitutive equations have been developed. These equations consist of the definition of inelastic strain and the evolution of the state variables introduced to quantify the irreversible processes occurred in the material. With respect to the definition of the inelastic strain, the inelastic constitutive models can be categorized into elastoplastic model, unified viscoplastic model and separated viscoplastic model and the different integration methods have been applied to each category. In the present investigation, the generalized integration method applicable for various types of constitutive equations is developed and implemented into ABAQUS by means of UMAT subroutine. The solution of the non-linear system of algebraic equations arising from time discretization with the generalized midpoint rule is determined using line-search technique in combination with Newton method. The strategy to control the time increment for the improvement of the accuracy of the numerical integration is proposed. Several numerical examples are considered to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the present method. The prediction of the inelastic behavior of the structure is an essential part of reliability assessment procedure, because most of the failures are induced by the inelastic deformation, such as creep and plastic deformation. During decades, there has been much progress in understanding of the inelastic behavior of the materials and a lot of inelastic constitutive equations have been developed. These equations consist of the definition of inelastic strain and the evolution of the state variables introduced to quantify the irreversible processes occurred in the material. With respect to the definition of the inelastic strain, the inelastic constitutive models can be categorized into elastoplastic model, unified viscoplastic model and separated viscoplastic model and the different integration methods have been applied to each category. In the present investigation, the generalized integration method applicable for various types of constitutive equations is developed and implemented into ABAQUS by means of UMAT subroutine. The solution of the non-linear system of algebraic equations arising from time discretization with the generalized midpoint rule is determined using line-search technique in combination with Newton method. The strategy to control the time increment for the improvement of the accuracy of the numerical integration is proposed. Several numerical examples are considered to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the present method.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the design principles of organic integration on furniture design by Frank Lloyd Wright. He consistently pursued organic principles in interior design, furniture and equipments. He insisted that every elements of a building can be integrated into architecture as if architecture can be a part of the nature. The study surveyed and analyzed the examples of furniture design in Wright houses from the viewpoints of spacial and formal integration as well as organic evolution. The study finds the characteristics of organic integration on furniture design as follows. He designed built-in furniture as an important part of the house, which seemed to grow up from the architecture design and a part of a building. He also designed and arranged free-standing furniture as spacial device in open floor plan. Moreover, furniture design repeated same geometry, modules, and proportion system of house design in order to integrate Into the building. In addition, material and color of furniture follow those of architecture. Wright's furniture design had changed from heavy forms in his early prairie houses to light and practical shapes in his Usonian period.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

This work describes an applications of CEP(Capability Evolution Process) in the SoS(Systems of Systems) environment. SoS is a set of systems that results when independent systems are integrated into a larger systems that delivers unique capability. CEP is focused on system performance and integration, interoperability requirement between systems within a force package. This work analyzes CEP and applies to OO joint marinetime operation. From these results, the possiblity of the CEP application in the SoS environment is presented.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2006

This paper describes an efficient optimal design method for an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with flattened transfer function. The objective function is the norm of the difference between calculated and target spectra. To analyze the AWG transfer function, the Fresnel-Kirchhof diffraction formula was employed and the design variable was optical path difference of each array waveguide. The (1+1) Evolution Strategy was applied to an eight-channel coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) AWG as the optimization tool. The optimized transfer function will considerably improve the system performance.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2019

효과적인 유망기술 발굴을 위해 미래 사회 변화를 전망하고, 미래기술 도출 방법론 및 프로세스 개선 연구가 필요하며, 연구소·기업에서 기술기획에 활용할 기초자료의 필요성이 꾸준히 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 무인항공기산업과 같은 신성장동력산업의 국제적 기술 경쟁력 확보와 시장성 확보 및 산업성장이 가능한 미래유망 기술을 도출하는 방법론을 제시하는 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 KrKwic, Excel, NetMiner등의 분석툴을 활용하여 무인항공기산업 분야의 특허데이터를 대상으로 동시출현 단어를 활용한 소셜네트워크분석과 하위그룹분석, 인지지도분석 방법을 제시하였다. 이를 통해, 무인항공기산업 분야의 기술진화를 탐색하고 유망기술을 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다. 그 결과, '체계연동/통합 기술', '시험평가/감항인증 기술', '항공전자 기술', '비행제어 기술', '피아식별 기술', '비행통제 시스템 기술', '지원장비 기술' 등은 향후 유망한 기술로 선정하여 집중 투자할 필요성이 큰 기술이라 볼 수 있었다.