• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.697-702
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• 2000

This study is to investigate the pressure wave characteristics and the maximum pressure rise generated by instantaneous valve closure at the end of the straightening copper piping system. Experiments were conducted under the following conditions : initial pressure 1~5 bar, flow velocity 0.6~3.0 m/s and water temperature $20^{\circ}C$ . Results indicated that the peak pressure generated by quick valve closure reached Joukowsky's value. And we also found that the maximum pressure rise and the pressure history were depended on not only closing time but also flow velocity.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2001

The nonlinear response statistics of an spring-pendulum system with internal resonance under narrow band random excitation is investigated analytically- The center frequency of the filtered excitation is selected to be close to natural frequency of directly excited spring mode. The Fokker-Planck equations is used to generate a general first-order differential equation in the dynamic moment of response coordinates. By means of the Gaussian closure method the dynamic moment equations for the random responses of the system are reduced to a system of autonomous ordinary differential equations. The nonlinear phenomena, such as jump and multiple solutions, under narrow band random excitation were found by Gaussian closure method.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.281-299
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of occlusal contact under the fixed implant prosthesis of partially edentulous patients which was hased on occlusal concept of implant prosthesis. From the patients who have free-standing implant supported prosthesis of unilateral partially edentulous area, occlusal and occlusal contact point of th enatural tooth side and implant side of light closure and heavy closure were analyzed by T-scan system throuht pre-and post-adjustment and the degree of occlusal contact was estimated by Shimstock. The following results were obtained : 1. The occlusal force of natural tooth side(NF) from mid-sagittal axis was relatively constant at light and heavy closure through pre-and post-adjustment, but the occlusal force of implant side(IF) was decreased significantly at light closure(P<0.01) and heavy closure(P<0.05) of post-adjustment. 2. Natural tooth side-implant side moment(MIMoment) fo occlusal force from mid-sagittal axis was significant(p<0.05) through pre-and post-adjustment and the deviation from mid-sagittal axis was increased at light closure of post-adjustment, but was decreased at heavy closure of post-adjustment. 3. Comparing the NF and IF, IF was greater at heavy closure of pre-adjustment, and NF was greater at light closure of post-adjustment, and the NF and IF was relatively equally distributed at light closure of pre-adjustment and at heavy closure of post-adjustment. 4. The number of occlusal contact point of natural tooth side(NC) was relatively constant through pre-and post-adjustment, but the number of occlusal contact point of implant side(IC) was significantly decreased(P<0.05) at light closure of post-adjustment, and was not significant but was lesser at heavy closure of post-adjustment. 5. Difference of the NC and IC was greater at light closure of post-adjustment, but it was less at heavy closure of post-adjustment, and therefore occlusal contact point of natural tooth side and implant side was relatively equally distributed at heavy closure of postadjustment. 6. When bilaterally distribution of occlusal force and occlusal contact point was established, degree of occlusal contact of implant suporoted prosthesis with opoosing teeth at light clousre was $34.13{\pm}21.69{\mu}m$.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2004

The reduction of paper machine water usage is precursor to the water system closure of any mills. This reduction in water consumption reduces the loss of solids; especially fine particulates and their surface adsorbed chemical additives, from mills, which causes an inevitable increase of fine materials in papermaking systems. Also the reduction of paper machine water usage causes substantial increase of organic and inorganic substances in process water. The deterioration of the papermaking process water quality accompanying the reduction of papermaking system closure can be a prime source of the aggravation of paper quality and process efficiency. It is of great importance for paper mills to investigate the influence of the level of papermaking system closure on the paper properties and process runnabililty before implementing process closure. To predict the changes in paper properties at different levels of system closure, highly cotaminated white water was prepared using reverse osmosis technology and used to prepare handsheets from fine paper and newsprint stocks. Results showed that the quality of process water affects the strength. Preparation of highly contaminated process water and handsheet forming with headbox stocks provided important criteria to determine the relationship between the qualities of process water and paper products.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2000

The response statistics of a hinged-clamped beam under broad-band random excitation is investigated. The random excitation is applied at the nodal point of the second mode. By using Galerkin's method the governing equation is reduced to a system of nonautonomous nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A method based upon the Markov vector approach is used to generate a general first-order differential equation in the dynamic moment of response coordinates. By means of the Gaussian and non-Gaussian closure methods the dynamic moment equations for the random responses of the system are reduced to a system of autonomous ordinary differential equations. The case of two mode interaction is considered in order to compare it with the case of three mode interaction. The analytical results for two and three mode interactions are also compared with results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2004

Recently the increased concerns about the cost reduction and environmental protection make the paper industry increase the closure level of papermaking system, which results in the buildup of organic and inorganic materials in the papermaking process water. Increase of the system closure causes deterioration of additive performance and provokes diverse problems in papermaking process and product quality. To investigate the effects of process water quality on the physical properties of fine papers handsheets were prepared with process water containing various amounts of inorganic and organic contaminants including calcium or sodium ions and oxidized or cationic starches. Inorgainc and organic materials did not show any significant effect on the physical properties of handsheets. Recycled GCC showed the same trends as inorganic and organic materials. The performance of cationic starch was deteriorated, however, in the recycled white water, which resulted in the reduction of tensile index of handsheets.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

Background: Stainless steel wiring remains the most popular technique for primary sternal closure. Recently, a multifilament cable wiring system (Pioneer Surgical Technology Inc., Marquette, MI, USA) was introduced for sternal closure and has gained wide acceptance due to its superior resistance to tension. We aimed to compare conventional steel wiring to multifilament cable fixation for sternal closure in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively on 1,354 patients who underwent sternal closure after major cardiac surgery, using either the multifilament cable wiring system or conventional steel wires between January 2009 and October 2010. The surgical outcomes of these two groups of patients were compared using propensity score matching based on 18 baseline patient characteristics. Results: Propensity score matching yielded 392 pairs of patients in the two groups whose baseline profiles showed no significant differences. No significant differences between the two groups were observed in the rates of early mortality (2.0% vs. 1.3%, p=0.578), major wound complications requiring reconstruction (1.3% vs. 1.3%, p>0.99), minor wound complications (3.6% vs. 2.0%, p=0.279), or mediastinitis (0.8% vs. 1.0%, p=1.00). Patients in the multifilament cable group had fewer sternal bleeding events than those in the conventional wire group, but this tendency was not statistically significant (4.3% vs. 7.4%, p=0.068). Conclusion: The surgical outcomes of sternal closure using multifilament cable wires were comparable to those observed when conventional steel wires were used. Therefore, the multifilament cable wiring system may be considered a viable option for sternal closure in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to understand bodily extension and identity in contemporary fashion art through the analysis of 'the fashion acting on the body' among the fashion theory excluding body and the conspicuous works on the opening and covering images as a fashion art as a body-space'. This study also investigated identity problems where there are poles apart in opening and closure their bodies and body-space in which its clothing types were distorted by being de-bodilization out of the traditional and ideological expression method in contemporary fashion art from a opening and closure point of view. Image of opening and closure among body-space in fashion art can be classified into opposing structure of opening and closure. Destroying the boundary between bodily opening and closure for a primary function of clothing and dismantling the role and boundary between body and clothing, opening body-space in appearance as a reemergence of body image or the border between inner and outer are being ambiguous because of transparent material. Being representative work of this study opening body-space was expressed as an opening space image using transparency. On the contrary, closure body-space was isolated from external environment and confined in the certain space, which could limit or restraint body- action. Excluding boundary of body and clothing on the whole or in part, boundary of work becomes body-space. However, these were appeared to be a work inducing unlimited curiosity and meaning from the audience. The interpretation of artistic and body-space in fashion art are indicating the role and function of the fashion art exceeding the suggestible dimensions in the every day life of fashion. The body-space of fashion art showing similar aspect of body art today could be understood that it is substituted into an metaphorical, critical space by seeing it as a symbol system connected with social space. Therefore, contemporary fashion art should be interpreted as an equivocal space looking at the body-space with open mind.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.413-416
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• 2010

Fleischmann et al. first described the concept of using sub-atmospheric pressure to treat open or infected wounds in 1993. Since then, Argenta and Morykwas developed subatmospheric, or negative pressure dressings in 1997 as a means of managing complicated wounds. Since its introduction in 1997, the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) system has been used widely in general plastic surgery, general surgery, and orthopedic surgery to manage complicated wounds of the torso and extremities. However, there is a paucity of literature describing its use in the head and neck region, particularly in oral and maxillofacial surgery. We report a successful case of postoperative orocutaneous fistula closure using a VAC system in a 59-year male with a review of the relevant literature.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2006

This study is to investigate the pressure wave characteristics and the maximum pressure rise generated by instantaneous valve closure at the end of the straightening polybutylene piping system. Experiments were conducted under the following conditions: initial pressure $1\~5$ bar, flow velocity $\~0.5-3.0m/s$ and water temperature $25^{\circ}C$. Results indicated that the peak pressure generated by quick valve closure reached Joukowsky's value. We also found that the maximum pressure rise and the pressure history depended on not only initial steady pressure but also flow velocity.