• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.19-31
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• 2023

The importance of barrier free is being highlighted worldwide. This study attempted to identify barrier-free research trends using text mining. Through this, it was intended to help with research and policies to create a barrier free environment. The analysis data is 227 papers published in domestic academic journals from 1996 when barrier free research began to 2022. The researcher converted the title, keywords, and abstract of an academic thesis into text, and then analyzed the pattern of the thesis and the meaning of the data. The summary of the research results is as follows. First, barrier-free research began to increase after 2009, with an annual average of 17.1 papers being published. This is related to the implementation guidelines for the barrier-free certification system that took effect on July 15, 2008. Second, results of barrier-free text mining i) As a result of word frequency analysis of top keywords, important keywords such as barrier free, disabled, design, universal design, access, elderly, certification, improvement, evaluation, and space, facility, and environment were searched. ii) As a result of TD-IDF analysis, the main keywords were universal design, design, certification, house, access, elderly, installation, disabled, park, evaluation, architecture, and space. iii) As a result of N-Ggam analysis, barrier free+certification, barrier free+design, barrier free+barrier free, elderly+disabled, disabled+elderly, disabled+convenience facilities, the disabled+the elderly, society+the elderly, convenience facilities+installation, certification+evaluation index, physical+environment, life+quality, etc. appeared in a related language. Third, as a result of the CONCOR analysis, cluster 1 was barrier-free issues and challenges, cluster 2 was universal design and space utilization, cluster 3 was Improving Accessibility for the Disabled, and cluster 4 was barrier free certification and evaluation. Based on the analysis results, this study presented policy implications for vitalizing barrier-free research and establishing a desirable barrier free environment.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.592-602
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• 2022

This study aimed to check habitat distribution and analyze influencing factors by analyzing the mating calls of Auritibicen intermedius inhabiting limited locations in South Korea by applying bioacoustic detection techniques. The study sites were 20 protection areas nationwide. The mating call analysis period was 4 years from 2017 to 2021, excluding 2020. The bioacoustic recording system installed at each study site collected recordings of mating calls every day for 1 minute per hour. Climate data received from the Meteorological Agency, such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, cloudiness, and sunshine, were analyzed. The results of this study identified A. intermedius habitat only in four national parks in the highlands of Gangwon Province (Mt. Seorak, Mt. Odae, Mt. Chiak, and Mt. Taebak) out of 20 study sites. During the four years of study, the mating call period of A. intermedius was between August 5 and September 28, and the duration of the mating call was 31 to 52 days. The temperature analysis during the appearance period of A. intermedius showed that A. intermedius mainly produced mating calls at temperatures between 13.1℃ and 35.3℃, and the average temperature during the circadian cycle of mating calls (09:00 to 16:00) was 24.4 to 24.9℃. The analysis of the circadian cycle of mating calls at four study sites where A. intermedius appeared in 2019 showed that A. intermedius produced mating calls from 06:00 to 16:00 and that they peaked around 11:00 to 12:00. During the appearance period of A. intermedius, four species appeared in common: Hyalessa maculaticollis, Meimuna opalifera, Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata, and Suisha coreana. A logistic regression analysis confirmed that sunlight was the environmental factor affecting the mating call of A. intermedius. Regarding interspecific influence, it was confirmed that A. intermedius exchanged interspecific influence with 4 other common species (H. maculaticollis, M. opalifera, G. nigrofuscata, and S. coreana). The above results confirmed that A. intermedius habitats were limited in the highlands of Gangwon Province highlands in Korea and produced mating calls at a lower temperature compared to other species. These results can be used as basic data for future research on A. intermedius in Korea.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.171-187
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• 2023

When a person's face is recognized through a recording device such as a low-pixel surveillance camera, it is difficult to capture the face due to low image quality. In situations where it is difficult to recognize a person's face, problems such as not being able to identify a criminal suspect or a missing person may occur. Existing studies on face recognition used refined datasets, so the performance could not be measured in various environments. Therefore, to solve the problem of poor face recognition performance in low-quality images, this paper proposes a method to generate high-quality images by performing image quality improvement on low-quality facial images considering various environments, and then improve the performance of facial feature point detection. To confirm the practical applicability of the proposed architecture, an experiment was conducted by selecting a data set in which people appear relatively small in the entire image. In addition, by choosing a facial image dataset considering the mask-wearing situation, the possibility of expanding to real problems was explored. As a result of measuring the performance of the feature point detection model by improving the image quality of the face image, it was confirmed that the face detection after improvement was enhanced by an average of 3.47 times in the case of images without a mask and 9.92 times in the case of wearing a mask. It was confirmed that the RMSE for facial feature points decreased by an average of 8.49 times when wearing a mask and by an average of 2.02 times when not wearing a mask. Therefore, it was possible to verify the applicability of the proposed method by increasing the recognition rate for facial images captured in low quality through image quality improvement.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.257-267
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• 2023

The grassland section of the greenhouse gas inventory has limitations due to a lack of review and verification of biomass compared to organic carbon in soil while grassland is considered one of the carbon storages in terrestrial ecosystems. Considering the situation at internal and external where the calculation of greenhouse gas inventory is being upgraded to a method with higher scientific accuracy, research on standards and methods for calculating carbon accumulation of grassland biomass is required. The purpose of this study was to identify international trends in the calculation method of the grassland biomass sector that meets the Tier 2 method and to conduct a review of variables applicable to the Republic of Korea. Identify the estimation methods and access levels for grassland biomass through the National Inventory Report in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and type the main implications derived from overseas cases. And, a field survey was conducted on 28 grasslands in the Republic of Korea to analyse the applicability of major issues. Four major international issues regarding grassland biomass were identified. 1) country-specific coefficients by land use; 2) calculations on woody plants; 3) loss and recovery due to wildfire; 4) amount of change by human activities. As a result of field surveys and analysis of activity data available domestically, it was found that there was a significant difference in the amount of carbon in biomass according to use type classification and climate zone-soil type classification. Therefore, in order to create an inventory of grassland biomass at the Tier 2 level, a policy and institutional system for making activity data should develop country-specific coefficients for climate zones and soil types.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2024

Since 2009, the Korean Society of Plant Pathology has established the Committee on Common Names of Plant Disease to systematically review and determine plant disease names and related terminologies. The committee published the 6th edition of the List of Plant Diseases in Korea (LPDK) in 2022, and the list has been made publicly accessible online. The online database has significantly enhanced user accessibility, expedited update processes, and improved interoperability with other databases. As a result, the 6.1 edition of the list was released by online LPDK in 2023, detailing new disease names added over the preceding year and revisions to existing names. Subsequently, in 2024, the 6.2 edition was published, encompassing 6,765 diseases caused by 2,503 pathogen taxa across 1,432 host species. The public release of the online database has, however, introduced several challenges and tasks. Addressing these issues necessitates the development of modern, standardized nomenclature guidelines and a robust system for the registration of new disease names. Open communication and collaboration among the diverse members of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology are required to ensure the reliability of the LPDK.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.416-425
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• 2024

This study aims to analyze the changes in land prices and building construction activities before and after exclusion from park district as results of natural park re-planning. Seoraksan National Park, Namhansanseong Provincial Park, and Cheonmasan County Park were selected as study areas, and prices and construction activities were compared between areas remaining in and areas excluded from park districts for ten years after park re-planning. Land prices increased in all three study parks. The largest difference in land prices between remaining and excluded areas occurred in Cheonmasan City Park. Land price increased more in excluded than remaining areas in Seoraksan National Park. Unlike these two parks, the changes in land prices were not much different between remaining and excluded areas in Namhansanseong Provincial Park, which can be attributed to the facts that 1) provincial parks were already developed to certain level even before the exclusion due to its less stringent land use regulation than national parks, and 2) that Namhansanseong Provincial Park was also designated as Restricted Development Zone that has similar land use regulation level to natural parks. Comparison between building density measures before and after exclusion shows that development density generally increased after the exclusion. Building heights mostly increased during 10 years after the exclusion. Building to land ratios and floor area ratios also increased. However, building to land ratios and floor area ratios increased only slightly in Namhansanseong Provincial Park and Cheonmasan City Park, suggesting that in provincial and city parks, land development already occurred as a result of less stringent land use regulation. In conclusion, a national park system significantly restricts property right in natural parks, especially in national parks, which make it difficult to expand existing natural parks and/or establish new natural parks. A remedy for resolving problems related to private lands, such as increasing budget for purchasing private lands and introducing park facilities for local community is urgently required.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.221-241
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• 2018

Deep learning is getting attention recently. The deep learning technique which had been applied in competitions of the International Conference on Image Recognition Technology(ILSVR) and AlphaGo is Convolution Neural Network(CNN). CNN is characterized in that the input image is divided into small sections to recognize the partial features and combine them to recognize as a whole. Deep learning technologies are expected to bring a lot of changes in our lives, but until now, its applications have been limited to image recognition and natural language processing. The use of deep learning techniques for business problems is still an early research stage. If their performance is proved, they can be applied to traditional business problems such as future marketing response prediction, fraud transaction detection, bankruptcy prediction, and so on. So, it is a very meaningful experiment to diagnose the possibility of solving business problems using deep learning technologies based on the case of online shopping companies which have big data, are relatively easy to identify customer behavior and has high utilization values. Especially, in online shopping companies, the competition environment is rapidly changing and becoming more intense. Therefore, analysis of customer behavior for maximizing profit is becoming more and more important for online shopping companies. In this study, we propose 'CNN model of Heterogeneous Information Integration' using CNN as a way to improve the predictive power of customer behavior in online shopping enterprises. In order to propose a model that optimizes the performance, which is a model that learns from the convolution neural network of the multi-layer perceptron structure by combining structured and unstructured information, this model uses 'heterogeneous information integration', 'unstructured information vector conversion', 'multi-layer perceptron design', and evaluate the performance of each architecture, and confirm the proposed model based on the results. In addition, the target variables for predicting customer behavior are defined as six binary classification problems: re-purchaser, churn, frequent shopper, frequent refund shopper, high amount shopper, high discount shopper. In order to verify the usefulness of the proposed model, we conducted experiments using actual data of domestic specific online shopping company. This experiment uses actual transactions, customers, and VOC data of specific online shopping company in Korea. Data extraction criteria are defined for 47,947 customers who registered at least one VOC in January 2011 (1 month). The customer profiles of these customers, as well as a total of 19 months of trading data from September 2010 to March 2012, and VOCs posted for a month are used. The experiment of this study is divided into two stages. In the first step, we evaluate three architectures that affect the performance of the proposed model and select optimal parameters. We evaluate the performance with the proposed model. Experimental results show that the proposed model, which combines both structured and unstructured information, is superior compared to NBC(Naïve Bayes classification), SVM(Support vector machine), and ANN(Artificial neural network). Therefore, it is significant that the use of unstructured information contributes to predict customer behavior, and that CNN can be applied to solve business problems as well as image recognition and natural language processing problems. It can be confirmed through experiments that CNN is more effective in understanding and interpreting the meaning of context in text VOC data. And it is significant that the empirical research based on the actual data of the e-commerce company can extract very meaningful information from the VOC data written in the text format directly by the customer in the prediction of the customer behavior. Finally, through various experiments, it is possible to say that the proposed model provides useful information for the future research related to the parameter selection and its performance.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.116-137
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• 2024

This study quantitatively explored the interrelationship between water features and surrounding waterscape elements through a literature review and observational study targeting nine waterscapes of Suzhou Classical Garden in Jiangsu Province, China, which is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The purpose was to understand the objective characteristics of classical Chinese gardens and seek a basis for their differences from Korean gardens. The average area of water space in Suzhou gardens was 1,680.7㎡, which accounted for 21.3% of the total garden area, showing large variation by garden. Most of the Suzhou Gardens use springs and wells as their water sources. The Surging Waves Pavillion uses surface water, and Retreat & Reflection Garden uses seasonal water as its water source. The water pipes in Suzhou Garden are divided into a water outlet and a water outlet(water holes). Of these, the water outlet is a water outlet that imitates the water outlet just to induce a visual effect, and focuses on the meaning of the water system. It is judged to have been combined with the trend of Suzhou gardens. In addition, it was confirmed that, semantically, the arrangement of the water polo in Suzhou Garden is based on the traditional 'Gamyeo(堪輿) theory'. Meanwhile, there are five types of methods for bringing water to Suzhou Garden: Jiginbeop(直引法), Myeonggeobeop(明渠法), Invasionbeop(滲透法), Gwandobeop(管道法), and Chakjeongbeop(鑿井法). Suzhou Classical Garden mainly applies the infiltration method and the irrigation method as a method of securing water in the garden, which can be classified and defined as the water catchment method(集水法) and the water pulling method(引水法) in the domestic classification method. Among the watering techniques in Korean traditional gardens, watering methods such as 'suspension waterfall(懸瀑)', 'flying waterfall(飛瀑)' and water eluted(湧出), have not been found, and it is believed that they mainly 'rely on hide with dignity(姿逸)' and 'submerged current(潛流)' techniques. As for the watering technique, no watering technique was found that uses a Muneomi, which is applied in traditional Korean gardens. As this was applied, the seal method, penetration method, and Gwandobeop were also used in water extraction techniques. And at the inlet and outlet of Suzhou Garden, the main static water bodies were lakes, swamps, and dams. While the eastern water bodies are classified into streams, waterfalls, and springs, the water spaces in the three gardens reflect the centrifugal distributed arrangement, and the water spaces in the six places reflect the water landscape effect due to the centripetal concentrated arrangement. And as a water space landscape design technique, the techniques of 'Gyeok(隔)' and 'Pa(破)' were mainly applied at the inlet, and the techniques of 'Eom(隔)' and 'Pa(破)' were mainly applied at the outlet. For example, most bridges were built around the inlet, and sa(榭), heon(軒), gak(閣), pavilion(亭), and corridor(廊) were built, and the outlet was concealed with a stone wall. Therefore, it is understood to have embodied Suzhou Garden's idea of water(理水), which says, "Although it was created by humans, it is as if the sky is mine(雖由人作，宛自天開)."A trend was detected. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the degree of concealment and exposure in the visual composition of the inlet and outlet, it was confirmed that the water outlet was exposed only at the Eobijeong and Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty view points of The Surging Waves Pavillion and the water outlet was hidden at other view points. Looking at these results, the 'Hyang-Hyang-Ba-Mi-Bob(向向發微法)' from the perspective of left-orientation theory of Feng Shui, which is applied in Korean traditional gardens in classical Chinese garden water management, "makes water visible as it comes in, but invisible as it goes out." It is judged that the technique was barely matched.