• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.55-62
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• 2000

In constructing a synthetic seismogram using ray-tracing method a suite of ray-code is required to obtain a realistic seismogram which is similar to the actual seismogram or earthquake record under consideration. An infinite number of rays exist for any arbitrarily located source and receiver. One select only a finite number of such rays in computing a synthetic seismogram so their selection becomes important to the validity of the seismogram being generated. Missing certain important rays or an inappropriate selection of ray-codes in tracing rays may result in wrong interpretation of the earthquake record or seismogram. Automatic ray-code generation will eliminate such problems. In this study we have developed an efficient algorithm, with which one can generate systemastically all the ray-codes connecting source and receiver arbitrarily located. The result of this work will helpful in analysing multiple reflections in seismic data processing as well as simulating Lg wave and multiply reflected or converted phases in earthquake study.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.643-646
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• 2005

The gas hydrate exploration using seismic reflection data, the detection of BSR(Bottom Simulating Reflector) on the seismic section is the most important work flow because the BSR have been interpreted as being formed at the base of a gas hydrate zone. Usually, BSR has some dominant qualitative characteristics on seismic section i.e. Wavelet phase reversal compare to sea bottom signal, Parallel layer with sea bottom, Strong amplitude, Masking phenomenon above the BSR, Cross bedding with other geological layer. Even though a BSR can be selected on seismic section with these guidance, it is not enough to conform as being true BSR. Some other available methods for verifying the BSR with reliable analysis quantitatively i.e. Interval velocity analysis, AVO(Amplitude Variation with Offset)analysis etc. Usually, AVO analysis can be divided by three main parts. The first part is AVO analysis, the second is AVO modeling and the last is AVO inversion. AVO analysis is unique method for detecting the free gas zone on seismic section directly. Therefore it can be a kind of useful analysis method for discriminating true BSR, which might arise from an Possion ratio contrast between high velocity layer, partially hydrated sediment and low velocity layer, water saturated gas sediment. During the AVO interpretation, as the AVO response can be changed depend upon the water saturation ratio, it is confused to discriminate the AVO response of gas layer from dry layer. In that case, the AVO modeling is necessary to generate synthetic seismogram comparing with real data. It can be available to make conclusions from correspondence or lack of correspondence between the two seismograms. AVO inversion process is the method for driving a geological model by iterative operation that the result ing synthetic seismogram matches to real data seismogram wi thin some tolerance level. AVO inversion is a topic of current research and for now there is no general consensus on how the process should be done or even whether is valid for standard seismic data. Unfortunately, there are no well log data acquired from gas hydrate exploration area in Korea. Instead of that data, well log data and seismic data acquired from gas sand area located nearby the gas hydrate exploration area is used to AVO analysis, As the results of AVO modeling, type III AVO anomaly confirmed on the gas sand layer. The Castagna's equation constant value for estimating the S-wave velocity are evaluated as A=0.86190, B=-3845.14431 respectively and water saturation ratio is $50\%$. To calculate the reflection coefficient of synthetic seismogram, the Zoeppritz equation is used. For AVO inversion process, the dataset provided by Hampson-Rushell CO. is used.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.629-637
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• 1996

In this paper a numerical experiment is conducted to determine the low acoustic impedance of a thin oil or gas reservoir from a seismogram by using the generalized linear inversion method. The seismograms used are normal incident synthetic seismograms containing p-wave primary reflections, multiples, and peg-leg multiples on the layers consisting of oil-, gas-, water-filled sandstone incased in shales. In this experiment the acoustic impedance, the location of reservoir boundary, thickness, and source wavelet are assumed initially and revised iteratively by the least-squares-error technique until the difference between the seismogram and calculated one is very small. This experiment shows that the acoustic impedance and thickness, about 10 m thick, can be determined by the inversion.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.353-358
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• 1990

This paper presents numerical experiments on migration of synthetic seismograms using by $45^{\circ}$ wave equation. The seismograms used are zero-offset seismogram (corresponding to stacked section) on point reflectors, dipping plane reflector, faulted and folded layers. The seismograms are constructed by upward continuation of seismic source wavelets, exploading on subsurface reflection interfaces, to the earth surface. The synthetic seismograms are migrated by downward continuation and imaging. The upward and downward continuations are implemented by solving the $45^{\circ}$ wave equation with the finite-difference method. Migration of the synthetic data used in this study results in relatively accurate reposition of subsurface structures while the synthetic sections are quite different from the structures.

• 한국암반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국암반공학회 1995년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.108-108
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• 1995

There are always some difficulties to discriminate artificial exlposions from micro-earthquakes, furthermore more difficulties to identify and determine decoupled explosions and/or multiple explosions from micro-earthquakes. In this study we use the synthetic seismogram of the in homogeneous models between the source and the observation station in order to find the source effect of the geological environment. We have found some source characteristics of the air-filled and/or water-filled cavity that we can hardly see P-n and S- waves arrivals and that the high frequency coda waves are well observed compared to the coupled explosions or earthquakes.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.481-485
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 탄성파 굴절법 탐사자료를 이용하여 천부지층의 속도와 심도를 결정하기 위한 새로운 접근방법을 소개한다. 굴절법 자료로부터 초동을 발췌한 후 실제 합성단면도를 이러한 초동의 시간이동에 해당하는 단위 델타 함수로 대치할 수 있다고 가정하였다. 주시의 계산은 발사법 파선추척을 이용하였다. 감쇠 최소자승법의 적용을 위한 편미분치의 계산은 이론주시의 계산과 동시에 해석적으로 구하였다. 본 역산법은 합성자료와 현장자료에 적용하여 성공적인 결과를 가져왔으며, 초기 가정 모델이 실제 모델과 많이 다르더라도 저주파수 대역에서 매우 양호한 결과를 보여주는 장점을 지닌다.

• 지질공학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.457-465
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• 2013

지반 조사를 위해 흔히 수집하는 지표탐사 자료, 시추조사 자료, 지질공학 자료들을 서로 상관시켜 불연속 경계면 및 암반 파쇄대등의 분포를 파악하였다. 전기비저항 입체도와 공내 영상촬영을 통해 개략적인 지질 연약대의 주향 방향을 분석하고, 시추공 사이 탄성파 토모그래피 속도와 로즈 다이어그램을 통해 지층 및 암반 파쇄대의 공간적인 분포대를 파악하였다. 암반의 동적 물성을 파악하기 위해 S-PS 검층과 ${\gamma}-{\gamma}$ 검층으로 동적 탄성계수를 계산하여 푸아송 비 및 P파 속도와의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 지층의 불연속 경계면은 타격수 N값, 개별적인 밀도나 속도 정보를 이용하여 결정하는 것 보다 물리검층에서 수집한 속도와 밀도로부터 계산한 음향 임피던스의 대비, 즉 반사계수 자료와 시각적으로 잘 상관되었다. 암반에 발달한 주요 파쇄대 구간은 그 상부 경계면이 반사계수와 최적 리커 요소파의 곱말기로 계산된 합성탄성파 트레이스에서 극성이 음인 높은 진폭과 잘 상관되었다. 합성탄성파 기록으로 해석된 주된 파쇄대는 실제로 시추 코어 자료에서 관찰된 코어손실 구간 및 공내 영상촬영 자료에서 평가된 낮은 암질 구간과 잘 부합되었다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2008

파선추적법을 이용하여 지진연구나 탄성파 탐사자료처리 또는 해석을 위해 합성탄성파기록을 작성하는 경우, 가장 다루기 힘들고 실수를 유발하기 쉬운 일 가운데 하나가 추적하고자하는 파선들의 전파경로를 하나하나 지정해주는 것이다. 주어진 음원으로부터 수진기에 도달하는 무수히 많은 파 중에서 중요한 위상들에 대한 파선경로를 누락하거나, 잘못 지정하는 경우에 해석상의 커다란 오류를 가져올 수 있기 때문에 파선추적법에서 이는 아주 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 음원이나 수진기가 지표상 또는 임의의 지층 내에 위치한 경우에도 주어진 모델에 대해 음원과 수진점을 잇는 모든 전파경로를 빠짐없이 체계적으로 생성해주는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 알고리즘은 탄성파탐사 자료해석 시 다중반사파 특성파악, 다중반사파 제거연구 및 지진분야에서는 코다 파(coda wave) 특성연구, 분지에서의 지진파 증폭효과 연구, 모드 변환된 다중반사파의 위상식별 등에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국석유지질학회 1999년도 제6차 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.2-16
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• 1999

This study includes structural analysis of the northern Pattani Basin, areal description of depositional facies, and their spatial relationships using 3-D seismic and well data. Well log data indicate that the representative depositional facies of the studied intervals are sandy, fluvial, channel-fill facies encased in shaly floodplain deposits. Seismic responses were predicted from a synthetic seismogram using a model of dominant depositional facies. Peak-to-trough amplitude and instantaneous frequency seismic attributes are used in depositional facies interpretation. Three Intervals A, B and C are interpreted on the successive stratal surfaces. The shallowest interval, A, is the Quaternary transgressive succession. Each stratal surface showed flow pattern variation of fluvial channel facies. Two transgressive cycles were identified in interval A. Interval B also indicated fluvial facies. Depositional facies architectures are described by interpreting seismic attributes on the successive stratal surfaces.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.723-730
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• 2003

In general, well log and core data have been utilized for reservoir characterization. These well data can provide valuable information on reservoir properties with high vertical resolution at well locations. While the seismic surveys cover large areas of field but give only indirect features about reservoir properties. Therefore it is possible to estimate the reservoir properties guided by seismic data on entire area if a relationship of seismic data and well data can be defined. Seismic attributes calculated from seismic surveys contain the particular reservoir features, so that they should be extracted and used properly according to the purpose of study. The method to select the suitable seismic attributes among enormous ones is needed. The stepwise regression and fuzzy curve analysis based on fuzzy logics are used for selecting the best attributes. The relationship can be utilized to estimate reservoir properties derived from seismic attributes. This methodology is applied to a synthetic seismogram and a sonic log acquired from velocity model. Seismic attributes calculated from the seismic data are reflection strength, instantaneous phase, instantaneous frequency and pseudo sonic logging data as well as seismic trace. The fuzzy curve analysis is used for choosing the best seismic attributes compared to sonic log as well data, so that seismic trace, reflection strength, instantaneous frequency, and pseudo sonic logging data are selected. The relationship between the seismic attribute and well data is found out by the statistical regression method and estimates the reliable well data at a specific field location derived from only seismic attributes. For a future work in this study, the methodology should be checked an applicability of the real fields with more complex and various reservoir features.