• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1069-1077
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• 1996

Water soluble antioxidants were extracted from various seaweeds and their antioxidative activities were measured to show that Monostroma nitidum has the highest antioxidant activity higher than that of the synthetic antioxidants, BHA or BHT among the samples. Other seaweeds such as Hizikia fusiformis showed antioxidant activity comparable to that of Monostroma nitidnm. It seems that many antioxidative components show the addative effect since the purification of the extract using Sephadex LH-20 or ODS reduced the activity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.620-627
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• 2015

The present study was carried out to investigate the biological activity of ethanol extracts from fermented Opuntia humifusa with 3 different mushroom mycelia: Phellinus linteus, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus. Fermented Opuntia humifusa by Phellinus linteus (FOP) and Lentinula edodes (FOL) showed more DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities than non-fermented Opuntia humifusa (NFO) and fermented Opuntia humifusa by Pleurotus ostreatus (FOPO). At a concentration of 250 ppm, the ABTS radical scavenging activities of the FOP and FOL were similar to that of BHA, a synthetic antioxidant. The total polyphenol content had a similar tendency to that of the radical scavenging activity. However, the flavonoid content was increased in the order of NFO, FOL, FOPO, and FOP. At all concentrations, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of FOP and FOPO were significantly higher than that of kojic acid. During adipocyte differentiation, NFO and FOL showed no significant difference in lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. FOP and FOPO showed a higher fat accumulation inhibitory effect than NFO and FOL. These results provide baseline data for Opuntia humifusa as a novel functional food.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1992

The natural antioxidant such as e-tocopherol and synthetic antioxidant BHT were used to compare antioxidative effects of those antioxidants from the physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition changes in the soybean oil due to number of frying. The composition of frying oil were consisted of a group(Fresh oil), B gorup(Fresh oil added with 0.05% ${\alpha}$-tocopherol), C group(Fresh oil added with 0.2% ${\alpha}$-tocopherol), D group(Fresh oil added with 0.1% BHT), E group(Tocopherol removed oil from oil by active alumina column chromatography The results obtained were as follws : 1. The color was determined by the Lovibond colorimeter color intensity increased number of frying oil. 2, The acid value, TBA value and Carbonyl value were increased number of frying oil. 3. Natural antioxidants less effective than BHT but effect of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was very similar to that of BHT. 4. The order of antioxidative effect was 0.1% BHT, 0.2% ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, 0.05% ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, fresh oil, tocopherol remove oil.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 2003

We have investigated the transport characteristics of synthetic antioxidant and free radical scavenger, $\alpha$-phenyl-n-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by in vitro uptake study in conditionally immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cell line (TR-BBB). Also, the efflux of PBN from brain to blood is estimated using the brain efflux index (BEI) method. Choline is a charged organic cation, including nitrogen-methyl group and shows the carrier-mediated distribution to the brain. [$^3$H]Choline uptake by TR-BBB cells was significantly inhibited by PBN with $IC_{50}$/ of 1.2 mM, which appears to be due to similar structures between choline and PBN. And, PBN was microinjected into Par2 of the rat brain by BEI method, and was eliminated from the brain with an apparent elimination half-life of about 2 min. Also, [$^3$H]choline efflux was significantly inhibited by PBN using BEI method. In conclusion, the efflux transport of PBN takes place across the BBB and PBN may be transported into the brain and eliminated from the brain by BBB choline transporter.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1998

It has been known that diseases related with aging or cancer result, at least in part, from free radicals, and antioxidants may reduce or prevent the abnormalities associated with free radical formation via its scavenging action. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of nut species for the purpose of developing antioxidant from natural products. Antioxidant activities of four kinds of nuts such as chestnut, groundnut, walnut and acorn were examined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The extracts from chestnut hull and acorn barnyard millet showed strong antioxidative activities among 10 samples tested. Because of their highest antioxidative activity among 10 samples, radical scavenging effects of 4 different extract compartments (Hexane, EtOAc, BuOH and $H_2O$ extracts) from chestnut hull and acorn barnyard millet, were further examined by DPPH method. EtOAc and BuOH extracts exhibited antioxidative activities similar to those of natural, tocopherol or synthetic antioxidants, BHA. These findings demonstrates that major fraction of the antioxidative activity of chestnut hull or acorn barnyard millet was the EtOAc and BuOH extract compartments. However, antimicrobial activities against food-related bacteria and yeasts was relatively weak.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.594-601
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• 2022

This study evaluated the biological properties of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) extracts. The EtOAc extract of lemongrass had DPPH, TEAC, and nitric oxide-scavenging activity assay results of 58.06, 44.14, and 41.08% at the concentration of 50, 10, and 50 ㎍/ml, respectively. The EtOAc extract had higher elastase and collagenase inhibitory activities than the 80% MeOH, n-hexane, BuOH, and water extracts and comparable whitening activity toward monophenolase or diphenolase. Also, the EtOAc fraction had higher lipase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities against Cutibacterium acnes among extracts which is known to an important contributor to the progression of inflammatory acne vulgaris, and an opportunistic pathogen present in human skin. Total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations in the EtOAc extract were 132.31 mg CAE/g extract and 104.50 mg NE/g extract, respectively. Biologically active compounds in lemongrass extracts were analyzed by LC-MS. This study confirms that lemongrass extracts have potential use as cosmetic skincare ingredients. Thus, lemongrass can be considered a promising natural source of readily available, low-cost extracts rich in antioxidant, skincare, and antimicrobial compounds that might be suitable for replacing synthetic compounds in the cosmeceutical industry.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2018

Recently, cancer incidence in modern society is increasing sharply. DNA damage is caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors in the human body, cells protect themselves by defense mechanism against DNA damage. Also, Aberrant DNA and deficient DNA repair are closely associated with various diseases, including aging and cancer. Researchers are interested in search for proper materials to inhibition for DNA damage. As knew the side effects of synthetic antioxidant, some researches have been conducted about cancer prevention materials derived from nature. Root of Smilax china, in Liliaceae, is used detoxification and tumor treatments traditionally. However, studies on the inhibitory effect of DNA damage haven't progressed. In this study, antioxidant activity and protective effects on oxidative DNA damage of S. china root were confirmed, relationship between those activities and contents of phenolic compounds in plants were established. S. china root effectively removed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radicals and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radicals. The quantification and identification of phenolic compounds were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, its antioxidant activity was associated with some phenolic compounds. In addition, protective effects against hydroxyl radicals and ferrous ion-induced oxidative DNA damage were confirmed in plasmid DNA. In the cellular levels, S. china root suppressed the expression of ${\gamma}$-H2AX and p53 protein in NIH 3T3. Besides, S. china root suppressed H2AX and p53 mRNA levels. In conclusion, S. china root had the effect on DNA protection and antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

Flowers and shoots of three species of Dendranthema boreale, Dendranthema indicum, Dendranthema zawdskii var. lucidum, were extracted with 80% ethanol by reflux, and polyphenol content, scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals, ferrous ion chelating effects and inhibition effects on lipid peroxidation were analyzed. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum, especially in the flower part. Scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS was also highest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum flower with less activity in shoot. Ferrous ion chelating effects was highest with D. boreale flower and lowest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum flower. Inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation was highest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum shoot with 41.01% inhibition activity showing 32 days after reaction, which is higher than synthetic antioxidant BHT. Due to higher antioxidant level and activity of shoot and flower of D. zawdskii var. lucidum is promising material for natural plant antioxidant. It was also shown that antioxidant activity is different according to plant part ever in same plant, and proper plant species should be used for antioxidant after careful studies.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 1991

To isolate new antioxidants from twelve edible seaweeds, mixed methanol and chloroform extract of marine algae was fractionated into several subfractions and their antioxidant activities were measured by using AOM and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Especially the aqueous-methanol soluble fractions of brown and red algae showed a considerable antioxidant effect. Their antioxidant activities were stronger than synthetic antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, under the same concentration. Further fractionation of the aqueous-methanol soluble fractions using silica gel column chromatography yielded five subfractions. Among them methanol fraction exhibited high DPPH quenching activities. Also, it was confirmed to be benzene-derivative substances of two compounds by UV, HPLC, GC/MS analysis. Its each molecular weight was about 181, 238. These results suggested the existence of two effective natural antioxidant compounds in three edible marine algae.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.752-763
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• 2017

Marine fish skin peptides (FSP) have been widely studied due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. We aimed to use a natural antioxidant, FSP, to replacing synthetic preservatives in a pork patty model, which is safer for human body. Moreover, nano-liposome technology can be applied for masking the fishy smell and improving the stability of this peptide. Therefore, in this study, the effects of FSP and FSP-loaded liposomes (FSPL) on pork patty were evaluated through the tests of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), color, cooking loss, texture, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and the pH value, during 14 d of refrigerated ($4^{\circ}C$) storage. The results showed that all FSP-treated patties had lower TBARS values than control patties, which indicated an inhibitory effect of FSP on lipid oxidation. This effect in the patties depended on the FSP concentration. However, FSPL-treated patties showed significantly higher and undesirable TBARS values compared to the control, and this effect depended on the FSPL concentration. None of the physicochemical results showed remarkable changes except the pH and VBN values. Therefore, this study provides evidence that FSP has great potential to inhibit the lipid oxidation of pork patties and is capable of maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life. However, it is necessary to study the application of FSP treatments greater than 3% to improve the antioxidant effect on pork patties and search for other coating materials and technology to reduce the drawbacks of FSP.