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Taxonomic study on infraspecific taxa of Lespedeza maximowiczii and hybrids with related species (조록싸리 종내분류군과 잡종의 분류학적 연구)

  • JIN, Dong-Pil;PARK, Jong-Won;CHOI, Byoung-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.300-318
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    • 2019
  • Many infraspecific taxa within Lespedeza maximowiczii and hybrids with related species have been described, but taxonomic verification remains controversial. We examined the morphological traits of hybrids (L. chiisanensis and L. patentibicolor) and infraspecific taxa (var. tomentella, elongata, and tricolor) and analyzed their genetic structures using microsatellite loci. Flower and leaflet shapes in var. tomentella and elongata were within the range of variation of those in var. maximowiczii, and individuals in the two former varieties were grouped into var. maximowiczii. Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor was similar to L. buergeri in terms of the structure and flower color, whereas the leaflet and bracteole shapes of var. tricolor were similar to those of var. maximowiczii. Based on the genetic structure (K = 3), var. tricolor had a mixed lineage with L. maximowiczii and L. buergeri. In addition, these formed a distinct lineage at K = 5. For two hybrids, the flower and leaflet structure in L. chiisanensis did not differ from those in L. maximowiczii, whereas the flowers of L. patentibicolor were within the range of variation of L. bicolor. In addition, L. chiisanensis and L. patentibicolor were assigned to L. maximowiczii and L. bicolor, respectively, based on the genetic structure. We treated var. tomentella and elongata as a forma, f. friebeana, because L. friebeana preceded var. tomentella, whereas var. tricolor was treated as a distinct species, L. tricolor. Lespedeza chiisanensis was recognized as a synonym of L. maximowiczii. Lespedeza patentibicolor was considered to be L. bicolor.

A Design and Implementation of Heterogeneous Metadata Searching System using Ontology (Ontology를 이용한 이종 메타데이터 검색 시스템의 설계 및 구현)

  • Choe, Hyun-Jong;Kim, Tae-Young
    • Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2004
  • World Wide Web is not more meaningless sea of information but is becoming the Semantic Web that provides many users with meaningful information. The starting point is the XML and metadata, RDF is a stopover which gives technique to relate arbitrary web resources. And now, the semantic and logic of web resources can be settled in the Ontology. A lot of educational multimedia web resources in Korea have produced their metadata with KERIS's KEM(Korea Educational Metadata). Therefore our country have to start the study of the semantic and logic in web resources. But, many researchers in Korea are more eager to study Dublin Core's DC and SCORM's LOM metadata specification than KEM. Thus the study of method about sharing and integrating these three metadata specifications should be performed before the study of semantic and logic in web resources in Korea. We design the Ontology to integrate these three metadata specifications and implement the prototype system using this Ontology. These three metadata have some elements that have same labels and meanings, and other elements have different labels and same meanings. To match these different labels which have same meanings, we adapted the one-to-one mapping technique in designing our Ontology. This designed Ontology was imported as "integrated schema" in our prototype searching system to integrate three different metadata in databases. Moreover we know that the more specific property design of class in Ontology was needed in order to provide users with more informed searching results such as synonym, antonym, hierarchy and associations.

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Joke-Related Aspects and their Significance in Traditional Korean Funny Performing Arts (한국 전통연희에서의 재담의 양상과 그 의의)

  • Son, Tae-do
    • Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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    • no.32
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    • pp.29-61
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    • 2016
  • A joke (才談, 재담) is "the most interesting and witty language unit" in our speech. However, the search of a joke is still starting. Although joke are related to the witty and interesting talks, stories, songs and plays, the actual object of a joke is only the witty and interesting talk. A joke is witty talk that is interesting or laughter-inducing. Many Jokes can be found in the traditional Korean funny performing arts (演戱, 연희). This is because these art forms are performed in open yards, which necessitated amusing the audience, amusement, in its turn, required jokes. Jokes in the traditional funny performing arts can generally be classified as follows: 1) Jokes related to a situation: These include right words at a given situation, exaggerating words, diminishing words, deviancy words, and cause-effect words. 2) Jokes related to discourse: These include enumerating words, amplificatory words, contrasting words, fluently lying words, undeniable words, purposely unknowing words, and deliberately incorrect words. 3) Jokes related to vocabulary: These include synonym, similar words, changed word-ordering words, and incorrect words. 4) Jokes related to pronunciation: These include homonyms, and anti-homonyms. Although there may be other jokes, those presented above are typical ones. A joke is "the result that human being can achieve when he/she has overcome natural and social difficulties and is left with only a free and creative spirit." Jokes are necessary in all ages and everywhere. Today, more varied and high-level jokes can be created by developing the diversity of jokes in traditional funny performing arts. Also, I expect new sorts of jokes, because a joke always demands a creative spirit.

Revisiting the Social Class: Focusing on the Conceptualization and Measurement in Psychology (사회계층에 대한 재조명: 심리학에서 개념화 및 측정을 중심으로)

  • Sang-Wu Pyun
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.101-130
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    • 2018
  • Social class has become a major focus of research in the field of Western psychology due to its critical impact on human life. The Korean scholarship in psychology, however, has paid very little attention to the issue of social class despite the deepening of social stratification in the country; and the concepts and measurement they used were typically borrowed from sociology. In this study, I discussed what social class means and how it should be measured in order to emphasize the importance of the concept and its related issues. To this end, I examined a variety of theoretical backgrounds on the measurement of social class and the concept of socioeconomic status (SES)-a term commonly used as a synonym for social class. This study divided the method of measuring social class into objective social class and subjective social class, and outlined the characteristics of each approach and their main indicators. Finally, I assessed the recent trend in the Korean psychology on social class measurement. Among the 23 studies I have found, 65.2% used the objective social class index; and education was the objective indicator they most frequently employed, followed by income and occupation. Social stratification identity was used in all seven studies that applied subjective social class. And seven different words to describe social class was found. Based on these results, I concluded that there should be a call for more direct research on social class variables. In addition, I suggest that 'social class', instead of socioeconomic status, should be used as a preferred term in the future studies and propose a few notes on how to use the objective indicators and subjective social class measurement.

A Study on the Changes Characteristics of Planting Tree Species in Landscape space of Ojukheon, Gangneung-si (강릉 오죽헌 조경공간 내 식재 수종 변화 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Sim, Jae-Hyuck;Lee, Hyeon-Bin;Yeum, Jung-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.12-19
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    • 2024
  • The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the systematic management of external landscaping spaces by analyzing the characteristics of changes in planting trees for about 50 years from 1976 to Ojukheon in Gangneung. Information on past planting species was confirmed based on the landscape plan of the Ojukheon Cleanup Site in 1976 and the current status plan of the Ojukheon Tree in 2000, and analyzed in overlap with the results of field surveys. From 1976 to 2023, a total of 18 additional species of trees such as Celtis sinensis, Toona sinensis and Lagerstroemia indica were planted or the tree species name was unified, and three species were not identified. It was confirmed that there was a change in the planting species by Aojegag, Main house, Ojukheon, and Munseongsa in terms of traditional landscape space. And the problems were derived regarding species name (correct name and synonym), lack of information on planting and removal, and foreign species planting by period. In the future, it is judged that systematic history management based on the tree management register, including basic planting information on external landscaping spaces in national cultural properties, is urgent.

A Case Study on the Lean Management Activity in Business-Services Industry (사무.서비스 산업의 린 경영 활동에 관한 사례 연구)

  • Lee, Kang-In;Lee, Soon-San
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.189-206
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    • 2012
  • It is urgently requested to innovate the management process of business-service areas in all industry such as financial business, services and manufacturing because of recent business trend - de-manufacturing trend and the weight increment of service in all industries. Many enterprises introduce various management - innovation methodologies in order to meet the rapidly changing business environment. Especially in Korea, it is a vogue to introduce the innovation methodology of the advanced company's. According to this style, the six sigma has been introduced over 10 years since late 1990's and it has become a synonym of innovation indeed. But the result of six sigma introduction has not reached to the level of expectation in its beginning. And the "Lean" have been introduced in Korea in the situation of global financial crisis, economic slump and the pursuit of developing country such as China. Many Korea companies pay attention to the "Lean" innovation activity because the TPS(Toyota Production System) is the matrix of Lean and is the motive power of Toyota growth. In this study, it was analyzed for the evolution course, distinctive features and effects of Lean management and was examined for the difference of Lean management between manufacturing industry and business-service areas. From this results, the characteristics of Lean management in business-service was analyzed. After survey of innovation agent in Korea company, the Lean model of business-service Industry was developed and applied. This study will be worthy to show the right direction to the enterprises which are to apply lean methodologies, or the enterprises which examine lean management for competitive advantages or the peoples who research the same topics.

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Digital painting: Image transfonnation, simulation, heterologie and transfonnation (현대회화에서의 형태와 물질 -Digital Transfiguration에 관한 연구-)

  • Jeong, Suk-Yeong
    • Journal of Science of Art and Design
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    • v.10
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    • pp.161-181
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    • 2006
  • The words which appeared in my theoretical study and work are image transformation to digital painting, simulation, heterologie and transfiguration, etc. Firstly, let's look into 'digital era' or 'new media era'. Nowadays, the image world including painting within the rapid social and cultural change, which is called as digital era, is having the dramatic change. Together with the development of scientific technology, large number of events which was deemed to be impossible is happening as real in image world Moreover, these changes in image world is greatly influencing to our life. The word which compresses this change of image world and shows is 'digital'. Digit, which means fingers in Latin, indicates separately changing signal, and to be more narrow, it indicates the continual signal of '0' and ' 1' in computer. The opposite word is 'analogue'. As analogue is the word meaning 'infer' or 'similarity', it indicates the signal or form which continuously changes along the series of time when it is compared to digital. Instead of analogue, digital is embossed as a major ruler along the whole area of our current culture. In whole culture and art area, and in whole generalscience, digital is appearing as it has the modernism and importance. The prefix, 'digital', e.g. digital media, digital culture, digital design, digital philosophy, etc, is treated as the synonym of modernism and something new. This advent of digital results the innovative change to the image world, creates the new beauty experience which we could not experience before, and forecasts the formation of advanced art and expansion of creative area. Various intellectual activities using computer is developing the whole world with making the infrastructure. Computer in painting work immediately accomplishes the idea of painters, takes part in simulation work, contingency such as abrupt reversal, extraction, twisting, shaking, obscureness, overlapping, etc, and timing to stimulate the creativity of painters, and provides digital formative language which enables new visual experience to the audience. When the change of digital era, the image appeared in my work is shown in 'transfiguration' like drawing. The word, 'transfiguration' does not indicate the completed and fixed real substance but indicate endlessly moving and floating shape. Thus, this concept is opposite to the substantial consideration, so that various concepts which is able to replace this in accordance with the similar cases are also exist such as change, deterioration, mutation, deformity of appearance and morphing which is frequently used in computer as a technical word. These concepts are not clearly classified, and variably and complicatedly related. Transfiguration basically means the denial of "objectivity' and '(continual) stagnation' or deviation from those. This phenomenon is appeared through the all art schools of art ever since the realism is denied in the 19th century. It is called as 'deformation' in case of expressionism, futurism, cubism, etc, in the beginning of the century, which its former indication is mostly preserved within the process of structural deviation and which has the realistic limit which should be preserved. On the contrary, dramatic transfiguration which has been showing in the modern era through surrealism is different in the point that dramatic transfiguration tends to show the deterioration and deviation rather than the preservation of indicated object. From this point, transfiguration coming out from morphing using computer deteriorates and hides the reality and furthermore, it replaces the 'reality'. Moreover, transfiguration is closely approached to the world of fake or 'imaginary' simulation world of Baudrillard. According to Baudrillard, the image hides and deteriorates the reality, and furthermore, expresses 'not existing' to 'imaginary' under the name of transfiguration. Certain reality, that is, image which is absent from the reality is created and overflowed, so that it finally replaces the reality. This is simulation as it is said by Baudrillard. In turn, Georges Bataille discusses about the image which is produced by digital technology in terms of heterologie. Image of heterologie is the visual signal which is established with the media. Image of media is to have the continuous characteristics of produce, extinction, and transformation, and its clear boundary between images becomes meaningless. The meaning of composition, excess, violation, etc of digital image is explained to heterological study or heteologie suggested as important meaning of Georges Bataille who is a heretic philosopher. As the form and image of mutation shows the shape in accordance with mechanical production, heterologie is introduced as very low materialism (or bas materialisme), in this theory. Heterologie as low materialism which is gradually changing is developing as a different concept and analysis because of the change of time in the late 20s century beside high or low meaning. Including my image, all images non-standardizes and transforms the code. However, reappearance and non-standardization of this code does not seem to be simple. The problem of transformation caused by transfiguration which appears in my digital drawing painting, simulation, heterologie, etc, are the continual problems. Moreover, the subject such as existence of human being, distance from the real life, politics and social problems are being extended to actual research and various expressing work. Especially, individual image world is established by digital painting transfiguration technique, and its change and review start to have the durability. The consciousness of observers who look at the image is changing the subject. Together with theoretical research, researchers are to establish the first step to approach to various image change of digital era painting through transfiguration technique using our realistic and historical image.

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A Taxonomic Study of the Genera Acanthogobius and Synechogobius (Pisces : Gobiidae) from Korea (한국산(韓國産) 문절망둑 속(屬)과 풀망둑속(屬) 어류(魚類)의 분류학적(分類學的) 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Yong-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 1992
  • Taxonomic study of the five species (Acanthogobius elongata, A. flavimanus, A. lactipes, A. luridus and Synechogobius) from Korea was carried out based on morphometric, cephalic sensory canal and ecological characters. Taxonomic revision and classificational keys are provided. Synechogobius hasta is easily distinguished from four species of the genus Acanthogobius in eleven characters, i. e., the number of dorsal and anal fin rays, the transverse scales, the vertebral numbers, the formula of interneural spine of the first dorsal fin, the number of interhemal spine anterior to the first hemal spine, the number of epipleural and pleurals, the ratio of caudal peduncle length, the ratio of caudal peduncle depth and the regular variations in the ratio of body parts with the body length. In the genus Acanthobobius, A. elongata is distinguished from other 3 congeneric species in the ratio of body parts and the oculoscapular sensory canal. Moreover, A. flavimanus differs from other 3 congeneric species in the lateral scales, the transverse scales, the number of predorsal scales, the vertebral number, the number of epipleural and pleurals. Sensory papillae rows of S. hasta is not similar that of the genus Acanthogobius in having a singular sensroy papillae rows. A. elongata has no oculoscapular sensory canal D and A. flavimanus has transverse sensory papillae in cheek, and these are one of the unique characters distinguished form other congeneric species. In the spawning period inferred from gonadosomatic index, A. elongata varied from late March to late June ; A. flavimanus, January to April ; A. lactipes, May to September ; A. luridus, early May to early July and S. hasta, early March to early May.

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Systematic Study on the Fishes of the Family Cobitidae(Pisces, Cypriniformes). 2. Taxonomic Study on the Cobitis taenia complex from Korea (기름종개과(family Cobitidae)어류의 계통분류에 관한 연구 2. 한국산 Cobitis taenia complex의 분류학적 고찰)

  • 양서영;이혜영;양홍준;전상린;박병상;김재흡
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.151-170
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    • 1993
  • Morphometric, band-pattern and electrophoretic analysis on Cobitis taenia complex were performed to investigate the morphological and genetic differentiation and to clarify their taxonomic status. Intermediate types of band-pattern (C and D type) were more frequently expressed than that of types of C. t. taenia(type A) and C. t. lutheri (type B). Sexual dimorphism of band-pattern was observed not only in C. t. taenia(type A) and C. t. lutheri(type B). Sexual dimorphism of band-pattern was observed not only in C. t. lutheri but also in C. t. taenia and C. t. striata as well. Discriminant function analysis based on 19 morphological characters shows no significant differences among C. taenia complex. The degree of genic variation of C. t. striata was higher ( =1.48, P=31.2%, HD=0.009) than those of C. t. striata was higher( =1.48, P=31.2%, HD=0.082 and HG=0.009) than those of C. t. lutheri ( =1.37, P=2.7%, HD=0.058 and HG=0.065). The average genetic similarities between C. t. lutheri and C. t. taenia-C. t. striata were S=0.62 and S=0.66 respectively and these values indicate that C. t. tanenia has evolved specific level of differentiation. C. t. striata and C. t. lutheri show subspecifc level of close genetic similarity (S=0.82). Based on the divergent time estimate (Nei, 1975) it is assumed that C. t. tanenia was branched off from the other subspecies about two million years before present (MYBP) and C. t. striata and C. t. lutheri were differentiated about 0.6 MYBP. The use of C. sinesis an the scientific name for the Korean C. t. taenia, proposed by Kim and Lee (1988) seems incorrect since they are quite different in the structure of lamina circularis (Vladycov, 1935), the external morphology and distribution (Cheng and Zheng, 1987) and the chromosome number(Yu et al., 1989). Kim and Lee(1988) also argued that C.t. striata and C. t. lutheri should be treated as distinct species but the present study and other reports (Kim and Lee, 1984; Kim and Yang, 1993) do not support it. We conclude that C. t. taenia is a good species and C. t. striata and C. t. lutheri are subspecific status. Their scientific names should be revised in the future.

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Taxonomy of the infraspecific taxa of Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde (Ranunculaceae) (복수초(미나리아재비과)의 종내분류군에 대한 분류)

  • Son, Dong Chan;Ko, Sung -Chul
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.144-155
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    • 2011
  • The infraspecific taxa of Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde are currently known to include one subspecies (subsp. nanus Y. Lee), two varieties (var. ramosa Makino, and var. dissectipetalis Y. Lee) and two forms (for. argentatus Y. Lee, and for. viridescensicalyx Y. Lee). Among them, the remaining three taxa except for subsp. nanus and var. dissectipetalis are unified with A. amurensis. Therefore, we examined the morphological characteristics and geographical distribution of A. amurensis in effort to elucidate the taxonomic status of subsp. nanus and var. dissectipetalis. After the subsp. nanus samples had been transplanted from their type locality, i.e. highland at more than 1,000 m above sea level, to a lowland habitat, we measured the samples' morphological characteristics. The range of values we recorded of the plant height and floral diameter from the subsp. nanus samples were within the parameters used to characterize A. amurensis. Accordingly, subsp. nanus has been characterized as an ecophene of A. amurensis. It is considered as a synonym of A. amurensis. Among the populations of A. amurensis (sensu Y.Lee, author), those with highly dissected petals at their apices have previously been described as var. dissectipetalis. However, this characteristic has been observed together with obtuse or rounded petal apices not only in one population but also in a single individual. However, populations with these characteristics belong to A. pseudoamurensis due to the simultaneous development of leaves and flowers, branched stems, acute leaf apices, and petals that are shorter than sepals. Therefore, we suggest that A. amurensis var. dissectipetalis be unified with A. pseudoamurensis. Very useful characteristics for distinguishing A. amurensis from its relative species are anthesis, the presence or absence of branches, the development of scales into normal leaves, the relative length of the sepals and petals, and the position of the stipules. A. amurensis is geographically restricted to E. Asia, including E. Siberia, and especially on the Korean Peninsula, it is distributed throughout the northern provinces of Gyeonggi province and in Gangwon province, Gyeongbuk province (Mt. Bohyeon-san) and Jeonbuk province (Mt Jeoksang-san) along Baekdudaegan mountain.