• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.844-847
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• 2001

The application of laser direct etching has been discussed, and believed that the process is a very powerful method for micro machining. This study is focused on the micro patterning technology using laser direct etching process with no chemical damage of the material surface. A new introduced concept of energy synergy effect for surface micro machining is the combination of chemically ion reaction and laser thermal process. The etchant can't etch the material in room temperature, and used Ar laser has not power enough to machine. But, the machining is occurred in local area of the material by the combined energy. Using this process, the material is especially prevented from chemical damage for electric property. We have tested this new concept, and achieved a line with $1{mu}m$ width. The Ar laser with 488nm wavelength was used. The material was Si(100) wafer, and etchant is KOH solution. The application and flexibility of this process is in great hopes for MEMS structures and fabrication of the micro electric device parts.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1789-1793
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• 2008

The Oxygen Index was measured for another flame retardant APP, or phosphorus, and other flame retarding assistants ZS, ZHS, AOM, and ZB, which are used as low smoke emitting materials, in order to see the increase in the flame retardation effect in comparison to the volume of additions. The results show that their flame retardation synergy effect was very small compared to the main flame retardants. The mixed use of main flame retardants, low smoking emitting materials, and phosphorus is a very important area of examination for creating synergy effect of flame retardation and lowering smoking and toxicity. For this, the results of flame retardation effect in comparison to the volume of addition of each low smoke emitting material are shown below.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.288.1-288.1
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• 2003

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.164-176
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• 2011

To get an implication for desirable direction for Collaboration between Reporter & Producer, I found that had 4 modes of collaboration such as, Producer System, Reporter System, Double Reporting System, Co-Work System, and each was distinguished by field cover, on-mic, editing, writing. Producer system and Reporter system got no chemical synergy because of simple array of single reports due to physical assemble. The achievements of collaboration was birth of new news which had different duration, visual, sound & perspective. It also offered fertile soil for new program and genre literacy of 8 o'clock news. The success factor of collaboration was surprisingly turned out to be personnel rather than system. The balance of reporter & producer was also good factor. But the wall between 2 groups was so high that, after disappearance of extraordinary leader, system began to crumble and at last program was repealed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1782-1788
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• 2007

Cellulosomes in Clostridium cellulovorans are assembled by the interaction between the repeated cohesin domains of a scaffolding protein (CbpA) and the dockerin domain of enzyme components. In this study, we determined the synergistic effects on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates by three different recombinant mini-cellulosomes containing either endoglucanase EngB or endoxylanase XynA bound to mini-CbpA with one cohesin domain (mini-CbpAl), two cohesins (mini-CbpA12), or four cohesins (mini-CbpAl234). The assembly of EngB or XynA with mini-CbpA increased the activity against carboxymethyl cellulose, acid-swollen cellulose, Avicel, xylan, and com fiber 1.1-1.8-fold compared with that for the corresponding enzyme alone. A most distinct improvement was shown with com fiber, a natural substrate containing xylan, arabinan, and cellulose. However, there was little difference in activity between the three different mini-cellulosomes when the cellulosomal enzyme concentration was held constant regardless of the copy number of cohesins in the cellulosome. A synergistic effect was observed when the enzyme concentration was increased to be proportional to the number of cohesins in the mini-cellulosome. The highest degree of synergy was observed with mini-CbpAl234 (1.8-fold) and then mini-CbpAl2 (1.3-fold), and the lowest synergy was observed with mini-CbpAl (1.2-fold) when Avicel was used as the substrate. As the copy number of cohesin was increased, there was more synergy. These results indicate that the clustering effect (physical enzyme proximity) of the enzyme within the mini-cellulosome is one of the important factors for efficient degradation of plant cell walls.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 2003

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress and amount of linear shrinkage of composites and compomers for posterior restoration. For this purpose, linear polymerization shrinkage and polymerization stress were measured. For linear polymerization shrinklage and polymerization stress measurement, custom made Linometer (R&B, Daejon, Korea) and Stress measuring machine was used (R&B, Daejon, Korea). Compositers and compomers were evaluated: Dyract AP (Dentsply Detrey, Gumbh. German) Z100 (3M Dental Products, St. Paul. USA) Surefil (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, USA) Pyramid (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA) Synergy Compact (Coltene, Altstatten, Switzerland), Heliomolar (Vivadent/Ivoclar, Liechtenstein), and Compoglass (Vivadent Ivoclar/Liechtenstein) were used. 15 measurements were made for each material. Linear polymerization shrinkage or polymerization stress for each material was compared with one way ANOVA with Tukey at 95% levels of confidence. For linear shrinkage: Heliomolar, Surefil

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.403-418
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• 2012

In this paper, we attempted to theorize the synergy effect between the value creating attributes for digital convergence model in the service industry. Our investigation is based upon contingency fit theory to understand the strategic fit for the two inherent value attributes of fixed and mobile value, as well as resolving fundamental limitations of service processes. Empirical validation of the derived research model is analyzed using hierarchical regression method. The results indicate that the relative advantage of each value creating attributes are strongly associated with the characteristics of domain service industries, and compatibility is critical to user adoption of convergent service model. Moreover, the less significant statistical impact of the synergy between mobile and fixed value attributes and others implies that each value attribute uniquely contributes to particular IT convergence model, which thereby offers critical insight that focusing the convergent value in conjunction with specific application domain is the most appealing managerial focus. The findings provide useful insight for the further research in IT based industry convergent business model areas.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.69-86
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• 2004

In this paper, a conceptual framework describing the dynamics of click and mortar businesses is provided. It directs our attention to the many potential sources of synergy that are available to firms that choose to integrate e-commerce with their existing traditional forms of business. It further emphasizes the many actions that firms can take to minimize channel conflicts and help achieve the benefits of synergy. Finally, it describes four categories of synergy-related benefits from the integration of e-commerce with traditional businesses, including potential cost saving, gains due to enhanced differentiation, improved trust, and potential extensions into new markets. The utility of the framework was demonstrated using the case of an electronics retailer that has chosen to tightly integrate its large chain of retail stores with its Web-based electronic store. The framework was also used to develop a series of propositions that can guide future empirical research. The discussion points to the need to develop new types of metrics to better judge the contributions of e-commerce channels, and provides some guidance for future empirical research that can test whether, and under what conditions, integrated click and mortar business models work well. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present the combining physical and virtual presence in e-commerce.