• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.189-197
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• 1995

Analytical method for synephrine and octopamine in citrus fruits, drinks containing citrus fruit, and human urine was developed using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry(GC/MS), Silylation with MSTFA, acetylation with MBTFA, and trimethylsilylation with MSTFA followed by trifiuoroacetylation with MBTFA were compared. The selective derivatization of synephrine and octopamine was optimized with two derivatizing reagents ; MSTFA and MBTFA. The ion at m/z 267 was monitored to characterize the benzyl group of the both compounds. Synephrine was detected in the concentrations of 0.46∼1.88 ug/g for citrus fruits and 1.2∼8.1 ug/ml for drinks. The urinary excretion data of synephrine showed the highest concentration at the period of 8-20 hours after drinking orange juices and total amounts of its urinary excretion calculated as a parent compound was 11-14% of a dose during 48 hours. Octopamine was not detected in citrus fruits, drinks, and human urine.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 UPLC를 이용하여 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민을 단시간에 동시 분석할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 개발한 후 시험법에 대한 평가를 수행하였으며, 확립된 방법으로 21종의 오렌지 및 감귤 주스와 5종의 오렌지 및 감귤에서 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민을 정량 분석을 실시하였다. UPLC를 이용하여 분석한 결과 HPLC에 비해 분석시간을 3배 이상 단축하여 15분 이내에 분석하였고, 각 성분의 감도가 월등히 높아져 UPLC로 분석 시 시간적, 경제적인 면에서 효율적으로 두 성분의 동시 분석이 가능하였다. UPLC 분석 시 검출한계는 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민이 각각 0.02 mg/L과 0.01 mg/L, 정량한계는 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민이 각각 0.06 mg/L과 0.04 mg/L로 설정되었다. 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민의 회수율은 각각 96.4%와 100.9%로 분석되었다. 확립된 분석법으로 시중에서 판매하는 오렌지 및 감귤의 과육과 과피에서 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민을 분석한 결과 모두 과육보다 과피에서 7-12배 이상 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 시판 오렌지 및 감귤 주스를 분석한 결과 시네프린 함량이 14.61-120.39 mg/kg으로 분석되었으며, n-메틸티라민은 불검출에서 3.34 mg/kg으로 분석되었다. 감귤 주스 중 과육보다 약간 높은 수준의 샘플이 있었으나 이는 천연 유래 범위 이내로 판단하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 확립된 UPLC 분석법은 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민을 신속하고 효과적으로 동시 분석하는데 이용될 수 있을 것이며, 본 실험에 사용된 시중에 판매하고 있는 오렌지 및 감귤 주스는 자연에서 유래되는 허용 범위 내 함량을 나타내어 안전성에 문제가 없음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1974

Citrus unshiu Marc., a family of Rutaceae, has been used as antitussives, antiemetics, expectorants, spasmolytics, stomachics and digestants in oriental medicine. But there is few reports on the pharmacological effects of Citrus unshiu pericarpium. Present experiment was performed to observe the effects of the water extract of Citrus unshiu on isolated auricle and intestine in rabbits and blood pressure in rats and also to study on the active component on the cardiovascular system by means of thin layer chlomatography and spectrophotometer. 1. The water extract showed positive inotropic and positive chronotropic effect in the concentration of $1{\times}10^{-4}g/ml$, $5{\times}10^{-4}g/ml$, and $1{\times}10^{-3}g/ml$. 2. The motility of isolated rabbit intestine was significantly depressed by the water extract. 3. The blood pressure was markedly increased by the water extract. 4. The blood vessel of rabbit ear was constricted by perfusion of the ether extract. 5. The purified alkaloid of Citri pericarpium by ion exchange resin showed the same Rf value with l-synephrine on thin layer chromatography. 6. The purified alkaloid of Citri pericarpium by thin layer chromatography showed the same absorption curve with l-synephrine in the ultraviolet scanning.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2018

Previous studies have suggested that Citrus fruits might suppress the proliferation of various cancer cells. However, little is known about any specific ingredients in the extract of Citrus fruits to exert its anti-proliferative activity in cancer cells. The present study aimed to identify the active ingredients in Citrus fruits to suppress the proliferation of rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Among tested compounds, two polymethoxylated flavones (nobiletin and tangeritin) showed significant anti-proliferative activity whereas other compounds (synephrine, rutin, hesperidin) did not. Interestingly, nobiletin as well as tangeritin also decreased the protein amount of gluconeogenic enzymes, PEPCK and G6Pase. The possible involvement of gluconeogenic activity in the proliferation of hepatocellulacarcinoma cells are further to be investigated.

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권1호통권128호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of dried orange peel compound intaking and exercise training on the physique, body fat, and concentration bloodlipid in obese women. Ninety-seven volunteers(mean age 21.47 ${\pm}$ 1.47 yrs), all over 30% of body fat, agreed to Participate and were placed in 4 groups: dried orange peel compound intaking and exercise group(n=25), only exercise group(n=25), only dried orange peel compound intaking group(n=24), and control group(n=20). The subjects who joined this project were asked to take dried orange peel compound(2 times/day, 30 ml/time) or participate in exercise program(3 times/week, 70 min/day), depending on particular group for 12 weeks. They were tested on their height, weight, circumference of chest, abdomen, hip, and thigh, body fat%, total-cholesterol(TC), HDL-C, LDL-c, and triglyceride(TG) at the beginning and the end of the 12-weeks program. For data analysis, paired t-tests and ANCOVAs were used. The intaking of dried orange peel compound was influenced on weight, circumference of chest, abdomen, hip, and thigh, body fat%, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG. The exercise participation had almost same effects on those dependent variables. Furthermore, the dried orange peel compound intaking along with exercise training was the most effective on those dependent variables among them. Therefore, these results indicate that dried orange peel compound intaking, like exercise, may be useful for controling weight, body fat, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG.