• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.727-736
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• 2010

This study is about researching mechanistic pattern identification of disease for DongEuiBoGam NaeGyungPyen by analysing with pattern identification of modern Traditional Korean medical patholgy as more logical, systematic and standardized theory. Disease pattern mechanisms of uterine, urine and excrements parts of DongEuiBoGam NaeGyun gPyen in NaeGyungPyen of DongEuiBoGam are these. Menstrual irregularities in DongEuiBoGam can be classified flui d-humor depletion, blood deficiency, qi deficiency, qi stagnation, qi stagnation complicated by heat, blood stasis, blood deficiency complicated by heat, syndrome of heat entering blood chamber, syndrome of cold entering blood chamber. The disease pattern of abdominal pain after menstruation in DongEuiBoGam is blood deficiency complicated by heat, and a dysmenorrhea represents blood stasis with heat, fluid-humor deficiency. Advanced menstruation represent dual heat of the qi and blood, delayed menstruation is blood deficiency. The disease pattern of inhibited urination in DongEuiBoGam can be classified deficiency heat pattern of kidney yin deficiency(yin deficiency with effulgent fire), kidney qi deficiency, yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity, fluid-humor depletion, spleen-stomach dual deficiency, and excess he at pattern of bladder excess heat. The disease pattern of urinary incontinence in DongEuiBoGam can be classified deficiency pattern of kidney-bladder qi deficiency, consumptive disease, lung qi deficiency, kidney yin deficiency(yin deficiency with effulgent fire), kidney yang deficiency and excess pattern of lower energizer blood amassment, bladder excess heat. And most of them are deficiency from deficiency-excess Pattern Identification. The disease pattern of diarrhea in DongEuiBoGam can be classified deficiency pattern of qi deficiency, qi fall, spleen yang deficiency, kidney yang deficiency and so on and excess pattern of wind-cold-summerheat-dampness-fire, phlegm-fluid retention, dietary irregularities, qi movement stagnation. And most of them are deficiency from deficiency-excess Pattern Identification. Like these, this study identify pattern of disease in DongEuiBoGam by mechanism of disease theory.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.440-452
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• 2005

Objective: In the winter of 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) began to spread throughout the world. More than 5,000 cases were reported in China, including over 1,700 cases in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Hong Kong SAR). The total number of cases reported from Canada and Singapore was more than 200. The total number of SARS cases world-wide reached 8,437 with incidences in 29 counties. Mortality from SARS is estimated at $10{\sim}12%$. When the SARS outbreak occurred in China, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China immediately initiated clinical research projects on the use of integrated herbal medicine and Western medicine for treating SARS. and, in Hong Kong SAR, research on the use of herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of SARS. Reports were released during convalescence. The objective of this study is to overview twelve clinical SARS reports of WHO on the treatment of SARS with herbal medicine and evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment of SARS with herbal medicine, and further to share experiences and knowledge of the treatment of SARS. Methods: Twelve clinical reports about SARS from the WHO were selected, overviewed and evaluated for efficacy and safety of treatments of SARS. Results and Conclusion: Twelve clinical reports about SARS showed that the integrated treatment may have advantages, and the advantages are reflected in the following findings: Firstly, herbal medicine is not targeted only at a specific etiology or a certain pathological link, but also at the pathological status of the patients at that particular time. Therefore, comprehensive readjustment was made through various angles, targets and channels to restore the balance of the body. Secondly, there are advantages in the differentiation of the disease and the treatment. Based on the various symptoms, herbal medicine enables the physician to adopt the most suitable principle, provide individual treatment, and to administer medicine in accordance with the actual process and nature of the illness. Thirdly, there are advantages in the results of the treatment; herbal medicine can relieve symptoms, promote absorption of lung inflammation, improve the degree of blood oxygen saturation, regulate immunological functions, reduce the required dosage of glucocorticoid and other Western medicines, and reduce case fatality rate, in addition to lowering the cost of treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2001

Objective: We inversigated Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP) gene mutation in Korean Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) patients. SHP protein regulates the activity of nuclear receptors which regulate the cellular development and differentiation. Recently, the mutation of SHP gene was found in the obesity and diabetes patients in Japanese group, and suggested that its mutation may involved in pathogenic mechanism of PCOS. Methods: This study was performed in 20 PCOS patients and 20 normal women. The DNAs were extracted from the peripheral bloods, and amplified at each exon (1 and 2) of SHP gene by PCR method. Subsequently, each PCR product was digested with the restriction enzyme indicated below for studying restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). After enzyme digestion, the results of RFLP were compared PCOS patients with control women to find any sequence variation. Results: We examined 9 regions of exon 1 with Msp I, Pvu II, Dde I and 3 regions of exon 2 with Pst I, Dde I. There is no heterozygous or homozygous mutation in patients and control women at these restriction sites. Conclusion: The genetic analysis at our restriction sites in the SHP gene did not show any genetic variation in Korean PCOS patients. Our PCR-RFLP analysis was not covered the entire SHP gene (68 bp/1,006 bp), we need to further analysis of the entire SHP gene.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.169-180
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• 2000

Objectives : To satisfy the demand of good treatment of constipation Methods : we investigated the literatures of Oriental Medicine about Constipation. Results: 1. There are three categories of etimological factors of constipation, that is, endogenous, exogenous and non-exo-endogenous factor. The endogenous factor is caused by seven emotions, called depression of Ki and stagnation of Ki. The exogenous factor is six excessive atmospheric influences, for example, wind, cold, dampness, heat and dryness. And the non-exo-endogenous factors are overfatigue, improper diet, stagnated blood and deficiency of Ki and blood that comes from old age, long disease and after delivery. 2. Classification: According to cause of disease it is classified by constipation due to cold, heat, wind, dryness, retention of undigested and phlegm. According to Internal Organs there are constipation due to deficiency syndrome of the stomach, excess syndrome of the stomach, deficiency syndrome of kidney and splenic constipation. And Differentiation of syndromes according to Ki and blood, there are constipation of deficiency type and excess type. There are constipation due to stagnation and deficiency of Ki, deficiency of blood and stagnated blood. 3. Principles and Methods of treatment 1) Herbal Medicine (1) Excess type [1] Constipation due to heat : Seunggitang(承氣湯) and Majainwhan(麻子仁丸) [2] Constipation due to stagnation of Ki : Samatang(四磨湯) and Yukmatang(六磨湯) (2) Deficiency type [1] Constipation due to deficiency of Ki : Whanggitang(黃?湯) [2] Constipation due to deficiency of blood: Yunjangwhan(潤腸丸) [3] Constipation due to cold : Jechunjun(濟川煎) and Banyuwhan(半硫丸) 2) Enema therapy: It is a method to induce defecation by honey or pig's bile juice for weak people. 3) Acupuncture and Moxibustion: Acupoints used to treat constipation are BL25, ST25 and TE6. Moxibustion at CV8, CV6 is good for constipation due to cold. (4) Diet therapy: It is very important that we eat meals regularly and defecate on the same time even if you don't. And we have to eat food like fruits, vegetables and beans. (5) finger pressure: Finger pressing around these points like ST25, SP25, BL25, BL31, BL32, BL33 and BL34 is good for it. (6) Kigong therapy: Abdominal breathing (7) Old man' s constipation: Hip bath or diet therapy is commended. Laxation with lubricant like Supungyunjangwhan(搜風潤腸丸) is used. (8) Women' s constipation: After delivery, we have to administer tonifying prescription Sipjundaebotang(十全大補湯) and enema can be used. Conclusion : We have to examine the cause of disease and bowl movement carefully. After comprehensive analysis of the data gained by the four methods of diagnosis, we diagnose and treat patients on the base of overall of symptoms and signs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1113-1118
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• 2011

In this paper, when a physician make a diagnosis of the pattern identification (PI) in Korean stroke patients, the development methods of the PI classification function is considered by diagnostic questionnaire of the PI for stroke patients. Clinical data collected from 1,502 stroke patients who was identically diagnosed for the PI subtypes diagnosed by two physicians with more than 3 years experiences in 13 oriental medical hospitals. In order to develop the classification function into PI using Korean Stroke Syndrome Differentiation Standard was consist of the 44 items (Fire heat(19), Qi deficiency(11), Yin deficiency(7), Dampness-phlegm(7)). Using the 44 items, we took diagnostic and prediction accuracy rate through of discriminant model. The overall diagnostic and prediction accuracy rate of the PI subtypes for discriminant model was 74.37%, 70.88% respectively.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.33-52
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• 2013

Objective : Zhang Zhong-jing's Shang-Han-Lun is based on Six-channels system(六經) to classified a disease, but the notion of this seems to be a very various angles. Among them, Ke-qin(柯琴)'s Six-surface theory(六經地面說) is very clearly explained the notion of Six-channels system(六經) and it provide crucial clue to understanding a Shang-Han-Lun Method : I will try to describe the Six-surface theory(六經地面說) through the Ke-qin's Shang-Han-Lun-Yi(傷寒論翼). At the core of this paper, The diaphragm is the most important criterion to understand a Six-channels system(六經), and it is based on the human body to divided into Yin-Yang(陰陽). Result : Ke-qin's Six-surface theory(六經地面說) is connected with Meridian system(經絡), Viscera and Bowels(臟腑), and their functions. It is the concept of comprehensive to including those related were grouped into the surface. Conclusion : Six-surface(六經地面) is far beyond the simple concept of Meridian, and it include organization of pathology concepts carrying up to what happens on the human body caused by disease. We can see that Zhong-jing's(仲景) medical treatment from syndrome differentiation(辨證) is associated with a holism(整體觀).

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2014

Objective: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to be involved in insulin resistance and obesity, researches have been increasing highly. Astragali Radix extract (ARE) or its main components have been shown to perform comparably to insulin by significantly reducing blood glucose levels in animal models however, the influence on mitochondrial dysfunction are not well understood. Methods: ARE (0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml) or metformin (2.5 mM) were treated in C2C12 after 6 day-differentiation. The expressions of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylation AMPK, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptror ${\gamma}$ coactivator $1{\alpha}$ ($PGC1{\alpha}$), nuclear respiratory factors 1 (NRF1), mitochondrial transcription factor (Tfam) and myosin heavy chain were detected with western blotting or polymerase chain reaction analysis. The morphological changes were also investigated. Results: ARE dose dependently increased phosphorylation of AMPK and respectively activated mRNA expressions of $PGC1{\alpha}$, NRF1 and Tfam which are mitochondrial biogenesis regulators. Furthermore, there were some morphologic differences of differentiated cells between ARE treatment and control. Conclusions: This study suggests that ARE has the potential to increase muscle mitochondrial function by activating AMPK and $PGC1{\alpha}$.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2013

The purposes of this article are understanding the meaning of yin deficiency interpreted with a perspective of Traditional Korean Medicine and a modern perspective a study and assigning modern diseases to yin deficiency pattern types. Clinical papers were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from 1995 to 2013. Results are as follows. First, yin deficiency written in the "Neijing" has been understood in many ways. It is translated such as deficiency of yin qi, inner qi, essence, cubit pulse, yin meridians qi, viscera yin and kidney. Second, yin deficiency pattern are related with disorders of the endocrine system, immunity, energy metabolism, blood circulation, cytokine, microelements, lipid metabolism and capability of getting rid of oxygen free radicals. Third, from pattern types, diverse diseases classified in types involving the heat from yin deficiency, which reflects pathologic conditions of deficiency heat which is distinct characteristics of yin deficiency pattern. Various diseases classified in types related with liver or kidney are reported, which reflects two viscera are more related with yin deficiency than other viscera. Fourth, levels of pattern types surveyed are more specific than Korean Standard Classification of Diseases(KCD) and specific enough to be applied clinically. This article surveyed the categories of modern diseases yin deficiency pattern types is assigned to but the detailed relation between them will be necessary to be studied in the future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.487-496
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• 2013

This article is a study on to which categories of modern diseases qi deficiency pattern types are assigned by reference to modern clinical papers to analyze and understand modern diseases with the perspective of Korean Medicine. Clinical papers were searched in China Academic Journals(CAJ) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from 1994 to 2013. Conclusions are as follows. First, qi deficiency pattern types are roughly classified as qi deficiency pattern, qi-yin dual deficiency pattern and qi deficiency pattern related with viscera and bowels. Second, there are many patterns combined with static blood, qi stagnation, phlegm, dampness, heat, toxin, water or fluid deficiency and the level of pattern designation is more specific than pattern types in Korean Standard Classification of Diseases(KCD), which makes the pattern types more useful to clinical application. Third, static blood due to qi deficiency is the most frequent combined pattern and diseases related with blood circulation such as angina, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) were reported on that pattern. The detailed relation between modern diseases and pattern types can be an another topic.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.118-131
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• 1995

According to the oriental medicine study on G.B.S, we obtained the result as follows : 1. G.B.S was inclined in flacid paralysis and pain and numbness(痺) in oriental medicine. 2. Etiology factors of G.B.S was classified exogenous and endogenous pathogenic factors. The formers was warmth and heat(濕熱), summer heat and dampness(暑濕), dampness and heat(濕熱), and cool and dampness(寒濕), the latter was the deficiency in both the spleen and the stomach(脾胃虛弱), deficiency of Yin(vital essence) in both the liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛) the factor of dampness and heat(濕熱) was most numerous. 3. Pathological mechanism of G.B.S was close connected with the five viscera - the spleen(脾), the stomach(胃), the liver(肝), the kidney(腎), the lung(肺) 4. Differentiation of Symptom-Complexes(辨症) in the G.B.S was consumption type of nutrient fluid due to heat symptom in the lung(肺熱傷津), fullness type of dampness and heat(濕熱侵淫), defiency type in both the spleen and the kidney(脾腎不足), deficiency type in both the spleen and the stomach(脾胃虛弱), deficiency type in the liver and the kidney(肝腎兩虛) 5. Acupuncture treatment for G.B.S was mainly Yangmoung channels of both the hand and the foot.(手足陽明經)