• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2003

The suck/swallow/breathe(SSB) synchrony, serving as the earlist primary motor mechanism, is the rhythmical, coordinated pattern of sucking, swallowing and breathing. The development of an intact SSB is an important precursor for further sensorimotor and cognitive development including speech and language development, state regulation, postural control, feeding, eye/hand coordination and social/emotional development. Arousal means a neurological mechanism for preparing one's body to orienting stimulus. Its levels are regulated with an interaction of the reticular formation, the limbic system, the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system. General strategies such as blowing, sucking, chewing, munching and licking to effectively modulate arousal state are related to SSB. The SSB synchrony is an important treatment principle for children with sensory integration disorder and problems with the modulation of arousal. The purpose of this article is to review concepts of SSB synchrony and the underlying relation between the modulation of arousal and SSB synchrony.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2009

본 연구는 호흡에 따라 움직임이 큰 흉부나 복부 장기의 방사선 수술에 적용되는 사이버나이프 $Synchrony^{TM}$ 호흡 추적장치의 정확성을 평가하였다. $Synchrony^{TM}$ 호흡 추적장치의 정확성 평가를 위해 금침이 삽입된 움직임 Phantom을 이용하였고, Phantom은 아크릴 볼이 들어 있는 정육면체에 Radiochromic 필름을 삽입하여 가상의 치료용적인 아크릴 볼에 21 Gy, 70% 등선량곡선으로 처방하였다. 고정된 Phantom의 금침추적방법과 움직임 Phantom의 $Synchrony^{TM}$ 호흡추적 방법으로 나누어 각각 5회 측정한 정확성 평가는 고정된 Phantom 추적 시 총 에러는 $0.0195{\sim}0.652mm$, 총 에러 평균은 0.3926 mm로 나타났으며, 움직임 Phantom을 이용한 $Synchrony^{TM}$ 호흡 추적 방법의 결과로 총 에러는 $0.4405{\sim}0.7665mm$, 총 에러 평균은 0.5673 mm로 나타나 두 방법에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구를 통해 사이버나이프 $Synchrony^{TM}$ 호흡 추적 장치의 정확성을 평가하였으며 체부의 방사선 수술 적용 시 그 유용성을 확인할수 있었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.76-80
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the inte actions between recipients and embryos to compare pregnancy rates in bovine embryo transfer, such as synchrony and stage of embryos, synchrony and quality of embryos, synchrony and side of uterine horn, and preservation time and stage of embryos. Fifty-two embryos were transferred by surgically to 42 Holstein heifers, 3 Holstein cows and 7 Korean native heifers from Feb., 1985 to June, 1986. The results were as follows: 1. In the trial of interactions between synchrony and embryo stage, recipients synchronired from- hours to + 12 hours in synchrony and embryos from morulac stage to advanced blastoctyst stages showed reason able pregnancy rate. 2. Excellant (A) and good (B) grade embryos showed good pregnancy rate, 81.8% and 73.3% respectively, but fair (C) grade embryos showed poor, 25% only at the same boundary of recipient synchrony. 3. More recipients had corpus luteum on the right ovary than the left, and also had better pregnancy rate (26/32 vs 13/20,81.3% vs 65%). 4. A good pregnancy rates (over 60%) were obtained with the embryo transferred 17hrs after flush at room temperature or field condition in culture medium.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2004

인터넷의 성장과 함께 자바 네트워크 응용서비스가 빠른 속도로 증대되고 있다. 이러한 응용서비스는 일시적으로 네트워크가 분할되거나, 또는 특정 프로세스가 실패하더라도 투명하고도 안정적이며, 지속적으로 제공되는 것이 바람직하다. 이러한 요구사항을 만족시키기 위하여 다수의 그룹통신 시스템이 개발되어 왔다. 그러나 기존의 자바 그룹통신 시스템은 Extended Virtual Synchrony를 지원하지 못하거나 선입선출(FIFO), 인과(causal), 전체(total) 그리고 안전(safe) 순서 전달서비스와 같은 다양한 메시지 전달방식을 지원하고 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 그룹 멤버간의 다양한 메시지 전달방식과 Extended Virtual Synchrony 모델을 지원하는 JACE 자바 그룹통신 시스템의 설계와 구현에 관하여 기술한다. JACE 시스템은 다양한 방식으로 쌓을 수 있는 다수의 프로토콜 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 개발된 JACE 시스템을 이용하여 웹 서비스에 대한 정보를 등록하고 발견할 수 있는 UDDI 레지스트리가 자바를 이용하여 실험적으로 구현되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.972-979
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• 2010

The objective of this paper was to review recent studies on nutrient synchrony and the effects of synchronization of energy and N supply in the rumen on nitrogen utilization and animal performance. Theoretically, synchronization of energy and N supply in the rumen should allow more efficient use of nutrients by rumen microbes, increase microbial protein and fermentation end products, and thus increase available nutrients in the small intestine. Efficient use of nutrients possibly improves animal performance and reduces nutrient excretion to the environment. However, a number of studies showed contradictory results in microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen retention and animal production performance. Since there are additional challenges to nutrient synchrony that must be addressed, further research is required to apply the nutrient synchrony concept directly to the field situation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.3361-3377
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• 2014

Synchronous computing models provided by real-time synchrony protocols, such as TTA [1] and PALS [2], greatly simplify the design, implementation, and verification of real-time distributed systems. However, their application to real systems has been limited since their assumptions on underlying systems are hard to satisfy. In particular, most previous real-time synchrony protocols hypothesize the existence of underlying fault tolerant real-time networks. This, however, might not be true in most soft real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a practical approach to a synchrony protocol, called Quality-Aware PALS (qPALS), which provides the benefits of a synchronous computing model in environments where no fault-tolerant real-time network is available. qPALS supports two flexible global synchronization protocols: one tailored for the performance and the other for the correctness of synchronization. Hence, applications can make a negotiation flexibly between performance and correctness. In qPALS, the Quality-of-Service (QoS) on synchronization and consistency is specified in a probabilistic manner, and the specified QoS is supported under dynamic and unpredictable network environments via a control-theoretic approach. Our simulation results show that qPALS supports highly reliable synchronization for critical events while still supporting the efficiency and performance even when the underlying network is not stable.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2010

본 연구는 사이버나이프 Synchrony 호흡추적 장치를 이용하여 방사선 수술을 시행한 폐종양 환자 48명을 대상으로 전 치료기간 중 종양의 움직임과 방사선수술의 정확성을 평가하였다. 폐종양의 움직임은 종양이나 종양주변에 삽입된 금침의 좌표를 사이버나이프 영상유도 장치로 측정하였으며, 방사선수술의 정확성은 움직임 추적 컴퓨터(MTS)로 계산된 상관관계 오차로 평가하였다. 폐종양의 움직임은 두미방향으로 평균 $2.63{\pm}1.87\;mm$며, 좌우방향 $1.13{\pm}0.71\;mm$, 전후방향 $1.74{\pm}1.16\;mm$의 움직임을 보였으며, 회전 움직임 정도는 X축 $1.66{\pm}1.66^{\circ}$, Y축 $1.20{\pm}0.97^{\circ}$, Z축 $1.18{\pm}0.73^{\circ}$로 측정되었다. 직선 움직임의 벡터 값은 평균 $3.78{\pm}2.00\;mm$값을 나타냈다. 연구 결과에서 두미방향(p<0.001)과 전후방향(p<0.029), 3차원 벡터 값(p<0.002)들은 종양의 위치가 상부보다 하부의 움직임이 크게 나타나 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 사이버나이프 Synchrony 호흡추적 장치를 이용한 폐종양의 방사선 수술시 상관관계 오차는 전체 평균 $0.95{\pm}0.62\;mm$로 매우 정확한 조사로 종양의 움직임을 보상하여 방사선 수술이 이루어졌으며 그 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2018

It is known that gamma-band activity (GBA) and phase synchrony (GBPS) are induced by emotional visual stimuli. However, the characteristics of GBA and GBPS according to different emotional states have not been identified. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in gamma-band neuronal synchronization induced by positive and negative emotional visual stimuli using electroencephalograms (EEGs). Thirteen healthy male subjects have participated in the experiment. The induced spectral power in gamma-band was the highest for negative stimuli, and the lowest for neutral stimuli in 300-2,000 ms after the stimulus onset. The inter-regional phase synchronization in gamma-band was increased in 500-2,000 ms, mainly between the bilateral frontal regions and the parieto-occipital regions. Larger number of significant connections were found by negative stimuli compared to positive ones. Judging from temporal and spatial characteristics of the gamma-band activity and phase synchrony increases, the results may imply that affective visual stimuli cause stronger memory encoding than non-emotional stimuli, and this effect is more significant for negative emotional stimuli than positive ones.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

Sleep is an essential process maintaining the life cycle of the human. In parallel with physiological, cognitive, subjective, and behavioral changes that take place during the sleep, there are remarkable changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) that reflect the underlying electro-physiological activity of the brain. However, analyzing EEG and relating the results to clinical observations is often very hard due to the complexity and a huge data amount. In this article, I introduce several linear and non-linear tools, developed to analyze a huge time series data in many scientific researches, and apply them to EEG to characterize various sleep states. In particular, the spectral analysis, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and synchrony analysis are administered to EEG recorded during nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) processes and daytime multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT). I report that 1) sleep stages could be differentiated by the spectral analysis and the DFA ; 2) the gradual transition from Wake to Sleep during the sleep onset could be illustrated by the spectral analysis and the DFA ; 3) electrophysiological properties of narcolepsy could be characterized by the DFA ; 4) hypnic jerks (sleep starts) could be quantified by the synchrony analysis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.361-371
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate the effects of stage and quality of embryo, synchrony between donor and recipient and difficulty of transfer on pregnancy rate following non-surgical transfer of frozen-thawed bovine embryos. The results were as follows; 1. The overall pregnancy rate of this experiment was 63.4% and that of heifers(73.1%) was higher than that of cows(46.7%). 2. The pregnancy rates of recipients transferred with morulae, early blastocysts and blastocysts were 50.0%, 64.7% and 71. 4%, respectively. 3. The pregnancy rate of recipients transferred with good embryos(67.9%) was higher than that of recipients transferred with fair embryos(53.8%). 4. The pregnancy rates of embryos transferred to left and right uterine horn were 63.2% and 63.6%, respectively. 5. The pregnancy rate of recipients in estrous synchrony 0(76.2%) was higher than those of recipients in synchrony -1(55.6%) and +1(44.4%). 6. The pregnancy rate of recipients transferred with 2 embryos (71. 4%) was higher than that of recipients transferred with 1 embryo(61.8%). 7. The pregnancy rate of embryos transferred to uterine tip (72.0%) was higher than that of embryos transferred to uterine base(50.0%). 8. Ease of transfer was ranked to a scale of one to three on the basis of increasing difficulty. Transfers ranked as ease score 1 accounted for 77.8% of pregnancies and had higher pregnancy rate than ease score 2(66.7%) or 3(45.5%). 9. The pregnancy rate of recipients with excellent corpus luteum(CL) (70.0%) was higher than those of recipients with good CL(61.1%) or fair CL(61.5) %. In reviewing above results, it was considered that the factors such as embryo stage, embryo quality, estrous synchrony, corpus luteum quality, transfer site within uterus, recipient's parity and ease score affected the pregnancy rate after non-surgical transfer of frozen-thawed bovine embryos.