• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by loss of motor neurons, resulting in motor weakness of the limbs and/or bulbar muscles. Pain is a prevalent but neglected symptom of ALS, and it has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. This review outlines the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and management strategies of pain in ALS to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes related to pain. Pain is a prevalent symptom among patients with ALS, with a variable reported prevalence. It may occur at any stage of the disease and can involve any part of the body without a specific pattern. Primary pain includes neuropathic pain and pain from spasticity or cramps, while secondary pain is mainly nociceptive, occurring with the progression of muscle weakness and atrophy, prolonged immobility causing degenerative changes in joints and connective tissue, and long-term home mechanical ventilation. Prior to treatment, the exact patterns and causes of pain must first be identified, and the treatment should be tailored to each patient. Treatment options can be classified into pharmacological treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptic drugs, drugs for cramps or spasticity, and opioid; and nonpharmacological treatments, including positioning, splints, joint injections, and physical therapy. The development of standardized and specific assessment tools for pain-specific to ALS is required, as are further studies on treatments to reduce pain, diminish suffering, and improve the quality of life of patients with ALS.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2009

We in this paper have constructed herb and formula ontologies. Herb instances and formula instances can be distinguished by nature, used part, effect, disease pattern, symptom, and formula and constituent herb, dosage, effect, disease pattern, symptom, and medical book, respectively. The knowledge for herbs and formulas in ontology is formalized with the distinguishable elements and their relations. Based on the herb and formula ontologies, we propose the three reasoning rules as follows: In herb ontology, the relation between herb and disease can be reasoned if there are the relation between herb and effect, and effect and disease. In formula ontology, there are two reasoning rules. First, if each constituent herb, dosage, effect, disease pattern, and symptom of two formulas is same, it can be reasoned that two formulas are same though the medical books of the formulas are different. Second, if each constituent herb and dosage is same in two formula, it can be reasoned that each formula has all of effects, disease patterns, and symptoms of formulas. In future study, we study other ontologies such as disease ontology with respect to Korean Medicine and define the reasoning rules about the ontologies.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2022

Objectives : This paper examines major symptoms representation in COVID-19 patients as groundwork for development of an effective clinical data collection format in Korean Medicine. Methods : Major symptoms representation in COVID-19 related papers published worldwide were collected. Corresponding symptoms in Korean Medicine were then examined, followed by discussion of symptomatic features that require further consideration in regards to a more systematic clinical data collection. Results : Of 256 papers, most papers listed fever and cough while symptoms such as difficulty breathing, diarrhea, muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue, chest pain, phlegm, nasal discharge were also mostly listed. Clinical representations could be categorized into general symptoms, throat symptoms, chest symptoms, head and facial symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, musculo-skeletal and cutaneous symptoms, psychiatric symptoms and sensory problems. Conclusions : Although each clinical representation could be likened to certain clinical representations of Korean Medicine, the variety of symptoms were too limiting and lacking in detail to be applied in the pattern identification[辨證] of Korean Medicine. For effective clinical data collection and analysis in the future, symptom change according to time, comparison between location, climate and ethnicity, existence of interior symptoms when diagnosing exterior symptoms, deficiency-excessiveness of blood patterns, consciousness levels, etc., need to be considered in establishing criteria for symptom evaluation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.224-237
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• 2004

Background & Object : It is well known that functional dyspepsia is one of the most common diseases. While many dyspepsia patients have been helped with oriental medical therapy, there has not been a study based on the concepts of oriental medicine. The aim of this study was to perform a fundamental epidemiological survey and to analyse the symptom pattern of functional dyspepsia. Methods : 86 patients(27 males, 59 females) diagnosed with functional dyspepsia in Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center from May to December 2002 were involved in this investigation. The disease characteristics of functional dyspepsia(based on Rome criteria II) and the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure were investigated by questionnaire and physical examination. The total score and composition ratio of each comprehensive diagnosis were calculated from the symptom score described in the questionnaire. Results : The total score from the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure was found to be influenced by the number of functional dyspepsia symptoms(p=0.026) and the patient's own cognition of their current dyspeptic situation(p=0.006), in addition to digestive ability and general congnition(p=0.006), and was not associated with sex, duration of dyspeptic symptoms in one year, or the total illness period, In the composition ratio of the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure, only Qui-yu(p=0.048) diagnosis was accurate regarding the number of symptoms in one year, total illness period, or the patients' own congnition of their current dyspeptic situation, But the value of the composition ratio among the total factors involved was most similar to that of sex. Conclusions : Thus, it is shown here that the total score of using the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure is mainly dependent on dyspeptic symptoms and the patinets' own cognition of their current dyspeptic situation, and that regular symptom patterns in the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure exist in dyspeptic patients.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this paper is to report the improvement of patient with panic disorder treated by herb medication based on Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system. Methods :, The patient with panic disorder was diagnosed according to 'Disease Pattern Identification Diagnostic System based on Shanghanlun Provisions'. The changing symptom of panic disorder was estimated by BAI(Beck Anxiety Inventory). Results : The patient was diagnosed with yin-yang-yi-cha-hou-lao-fu bing, number 397 provision, and took Jukyeopseokgo-tang herb medication about 113 days. The BAI score changed 37 to 12. Conclusions : The therapeutic intervention and herb medication showed a therapeutical effect on the patient. The anxiety and helplessness of the patient was improved. This patient's panic disorder was associated with poor sleep patterns and sensitivity to minor things and controled by Jukyeopseokgo-tang. The relationships between poor sleep patterns and 陰陽易差後勞復病, shortness of breath when sensitive to minor things and 少氣 need further study.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.18-32
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• 2020

Objectives In order to find out the relationship between the Eight Principle Pattern Identification of Cold-Heat, Deficiency-Excess and the Sasang constitution, we analyzed the clinical data from 500 women with menstrual pain and women without menstrual pain. Methods In the previous study, the subject's information of Typology Complexion Pulse and Symptom was collected, and Eight Principle Pattern Identification was executed based on this. Later, the relationship between the Sasang constitution and the Eight Principle Pattern Identification was statistically analyzed. Results and Conclusion 1. The obvious difference between the experimental group and the control group in the patterns of Cold-Heat and Deficiency-Excess is that patients who complain of menstrual pain do not maintain harmony with the yin-yang ratio, it can be said that the patterns of Cold-Heat and Deficiency-Excess can be a Identification standard that significantly obscures the condition of the disease. 2. There was a significant difference between the Sasang constitution and the Eight Principle Pattern Identification of Cold-Heat. There was no significant difference between the Sasang constitution and the Eight Principle Pattern Identification of Deficiency-Excess.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2019

대량의 데이터 처리가 용이해지면서, 기업들은 사용자로부터 생성되는 데이터를 필요에 따라 분석함으로써 유용한 함의를 얻는데 활용하고 있다. 특히 게임에서는 게임 유저가 다양한 플레이를 하고 다른 게임 요소와 상호작용을 활발하게 함으로써 수많은 양의 사용자 기반 데이터가 발생하게 된다. 게임 관련 데이터는 유저의 이탈이나 게임 플레이 패턴, 게임 내 이상 징후 등을 예측할 수 있게 하는 등의 게임 환경 개선을 위한 자료로 활용되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 배틀그라운드 게임 데이터를 활용하여 게임 전략 분석 및 유저 행동 패턴을 파악하고, 게임 내 비정상적인 활동을 탐지하고자 하였다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.334-339
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• 2023

Objective: The present study is designed to delve deeper into the realm of fibromyalgia (FM) symptom management by investigating the effects of diaphragmatic breathing on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in women diagnosed with FM. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the study aims to capture real-time PFC activation patterns during the practice of diaphragmatic breathing. The overarching objective is to identify and understand the underlying neural mechanisms that may contribute to the observed clinical benefits of this relaxation technique. Design: A case report Methods: To achieve this, a twofold approach was adopted: First, the patient's breathing patterns were meticulously examined to detect any aberrations. Following this, fNIRS was employed, focusing on the activation dynamics within the PFC. Results: Our examination unveiled a notable breathing pattern disorder inherent to the FM patient. More intriguingly, the fNIRS analysis offered compelling insights: the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) displayed increased activation. In stark contrast, regions of the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) manifested decreased activity, especially when benchmarked against typical activations seen in healthy adults. Conclusions: These findings, derived from a nuanced examination of FM, underscore the condition's multifaceted nature. They highlight the imperative to look beyond conventional symptomatology and appreciate the profound neurological and physiological intricacies that define FM.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.645-660
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• 2023

Objectives: This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) who received Korean medicine treatment. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted to investigate sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and prescribed treatments. The clinical records of 192 patients who visited Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital for FD from May 1, 2022, to May 31, 2023, were analyzed. In addition, the distribution of pattern identification and symptom type according to body mass index (BMI), as well as prescription history, were analyzed. Results: As the degree of obesity increased, the proportion of Spleen-Qi deficiency pattern patients decreased (p=0.012), and the proportion of damp-phlegm pattern patients increased (p=0.000). Additionally, as the degree of obesity increased, the proportion of patients with excess differentiation increased (p=0.002). The PDS (Postprandial distress syndrome) symptom type was significantly more frequent in the underweight and normal groups than in the overweight and obese groups, and the EPS (Epigastric pain syndrome) symptom type was more frequent in the overweight and obese groups. Regardless of the type of pattern identification, the most frequently used prescriptions were Naesowhajung-tang, Hanshin Naeso-san, and Sojeokgunbi-hwan granule. Conclusion: This study analyzed the medical records of patients with FD to elucidate the use of Korean medicine treatments. Our study is meaningful in that we found that the distribution of pattern identification and symptom patterns are linked to the degree of obesity in FD patients and identified the tendency for herbal medicine treatments to be prescribed in clinical practice.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2021

Background: With an increase in the number of breast cancer survivors, greater importance is attached to health-related quality of life, particularly pain and symptom control. This study aimed to identify the factors that are associated with pain in cancer patients based on the patterns of prescribing opioid, non-opioid, and adjuvant analgesics. Methods: This analysis included new patients who had developed breast cancer between 2003 and 2012. The degree of pain was analyzed based on the socio-demographic (age, income quintile, number of hospitalizations, and duration of disease), indicator (Body Mass Index; BMI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CCI, Cumulative Analgesic Consumption Score; CACS), operation (mastectomy, lymph node dissection), and therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy), as well as complication-related variable (lymphedema). Results: As for the patterns of prescribing analgesics by stages, non-opioid and opioid analgesics constituted 30.7 and 69.3%, respectively. The mean value and variance of CACS were 5.596 and 12.567, respectively. The factors that significantly affected the degree of pain were age (≥50; IRR: 1.848, 95% CI 1.564-2.184, p=0.000), income quintile (IRR: 0.964, 95% CI 0.938-0.991, p=0.008), BMI (≥ 25; IRR: 1.479, 95% CI 1.222-1.795, p=0.000), CCI (≥ 4; IRR: 1.649, 95% CI 1.344-2.036, p=0.000), and lymphedema (yes; IRR: 1.267, 95% CI 1.006-1.610, p=0.047). Conclusions: It is necessary to develop systematic and comprehensive pain control measures to improve the quality of life for breast cancer survivors, especially for those who are 50 years or older, lie in the lower-income quintile, have BMI of ≥25 and CCI score ≥ 4, or have lymphedema.