• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1073-1081
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 초박막 유전체 기술을 기반으로 하여 60 GHz에서 작동하는 위상 배열 안테나 시스템을 설계 하였다. Dividing/combining 손실을 줄이고 위장 변위기이 의한 손실을 피하기 위하여 Rotman Lens를 안테나의 feeder로 사용하였다. 설계된 렌즈는 3개의 빔 포트와 5개의 배열 포트, 그리고 2개의 더미 포트를 가지는 구조이다. 설계를 위한 시뮬레이션은 모멘트 기법을 사용하는 시뮬레이터로 수행되었다. 제작된 렌즈는 $58{\sim}62GHz$에서 ${\pm}2dB$ 이하의 진폭 편차와 ${\pm}5^{\circ}$ 이하의 위상 수차 특성을 보였다. 또한 5개의 배열 안테나를 이용하여 ${\pm}7^{\circ}$의 빔 조향 특성을 확인하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.723-727
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• 2011

0.935Ba$TiO_3$-0.065($Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5}$)$TiO_3+xmol%MnO_2$ (BBNTM-x) ceramics with $0{\leq}x{\leq}0.05$ were fabricated with muffled sintering by a modified synthesis process. Their microstructure and enhanced positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) characteristics were systematically investigated in order to obtain lead-free high TC PTCR thermistors. All specimens showed a perovskite structure with a tetragonal symmetry and no secondary phase was observed. Grain growth was achieved when the doped MnO2 was increased above 0.02 mol%. This is due to the effect of positive Mn ion doping as an acceptor compensating a Ba vacancy occurred by the higher donor dopant concentration of $Bi^{3+}$ ion. Especially, enhanced PTCR characteristics of the extremely low ${\rho}_{RT}$ of $9\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, PTCR jump of $5.1{\times}10^3$, ${\alpha}$ of 15.5%/$^{\circ}C$ and high $T_C$ of $167^{\circ}C$ were achieved for the BBNTM-0.04 ceramics.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2006

심볼 디자인에 있어 선호도를 높일 수 있는 요소는 주로 소비자 반응요소와 디자인의 심미적 영향 요소와 연관이 있다. 이것은 디자인의 심미적 영향요소가 소비자 반응에 영향을 주고 그것은 실질적인 선호도 차이를 통해 나타나기 때문이다. 본 연구는 심볼 디자인에서 소비자들에게 선호를 불러일으키는 심미적 영향요소가 무엇인지 사례연구를 통해 조사하였다. 사례연구결과에 따르면, 심볼 디자인에 대한 선호도는 심미적 영향요소 중 율동, 균형, 조화, 정교성, 곡선, 게쉬탈트, 유기성, 인공성/자연성 등이 높을수록 높았다. 그와 비교해, 단순성/복잡성, 사실성/추상성, 깊이, 대칭 등은 높거나 낮지 않은 적정한 수준으로, 그리고 비례와 요소들의 반복성은 낮은 수준으로 디자인되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 높은 선호도를 보인 심볼 디자인은 자연물에서 온 형태, 전통문양에서 온 형태들로 나타났으며, 낮은 선호도를 보인 심볼 디자인은 기하학적 도형에서 온 형태들임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 소비자 선호도에 맞는 심볼 디자인에 대한 가이드라인을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 연구 범위상 소비자의 감정적 반응 중 선호도(Affect)만을 고려하였으며, 색채와 재질 등의 특성들은 배제하고 형태적인 측면만을 고려하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2007

C형 근관은 복잡한 근관계의 형태로 인해 임상가가 미리 인지하지 못한 경우 근관치료 시 많은 어려움에 직면하곤 한다. 본 연구에서는 하악 제2대구치의 근관치료 환자에서 C형 근관의 형태별 빈도를 알아보고 방사선 사진 상 C형 근관계의 형태학적 특징과의 관련성을 비교 평가하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 1998년부터 2005년까지 조선대학교 치과병원 보존과에 내원한 227례의 하악 제2대구치 근관치료 환자의 의무기록지를 조사한 후 임상에서 근관치료 시 기록된 치수강저의 형태와 해당환자의 방사선 사진을 기초자료로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 하악 제2대구치 C형 근관은 한국인에서 많은 빈도를 보였으며, 근관치료 시 환자의 방사선 사진을 잘 활용하여 치근단의 형태와 원심근관의 위치를 주의깊게 관찰하면 C형 근관을 미리 예측할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2011

Purpose: To correct the upper lip depression after the correction of unilateral cleft lip, autologous grafts such as bone, dermal, fascial grafts and fat injections or alloplastic implants are used. Transplanted bones, dermis and fascia have a tendency to be absorbed and have donor morbidity. Fat injections are absorbed inconsistently and alloplastic implants have problems such as foreign body reactions, protrusions and infections. Authors corrected the upper lip depression using conchal cartilage graft in unilateral cleft lip deformity and the results was analysed with photos. Methods: 26-unilateral cleft lip and 2-microform cleft lip cases, totally 28 cases were performed. Their mean age was 21.89 years. The male and female cases were 12 and 16, respectively. Under anesthesia (general: 18 cases and local: 10 cases), cavum conchae (n=8), cymba conchae (n=16) and whole conchae (n=4) were harvested. Transversely cut the margin of the obtained cartilage, we cut out the most bent portion and put a partial-thickness incision on concave surface in cases of excessive convexity. Then, we performed the onlay graft of the conchal cartilage via scar revision site in unilateral cleft lip and via the reconstruction site of the cupid bow in microform cleft lip. The augmentation of the upper lip was evaluated with photos. Adapting the baseline connecting between the both cheilions as a horizontal standard line, we measured the highest point among the tangents between the upper lip and nose (point a), the lowest point (point c), the middle point between a and c (point b) and the vertical line from the alare (point d) to the horizontal standard line. To assess the postoperative symmetry, we compared cleft side upper lip contour index (%) A,B,C,D=(a,b,c,d)-ch ${\times}$ 100/(ch-ch) and non-cleft side upper lip contour index (%) A',B',C',D'= (a',b',c',d')-ch ${\times}$ 100 / (ch-ch).h) Results: After the surgery, no complication was found except in one case which double layers graft performed in the cleft lip deformity, the lateral portion was protruded. The upper lip contour index, the difference of A and A' were-0.83%, and thus the mild depression was persisted. Difference of B and B', C and C', D and D' were 0.83%, 1.07%, 0.90%. There were statistically significant difference, and thus the depression of upper lip were improved generally. Conclusion: Authors performed the onlay graft of the conchal cartilage in unilateral cleft lip deformity and found that the depression of the upper lip was well corrected except the uppermost part when photogrammetrically analyzed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.408-414
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• 2011

Purpose: To correct breast ptosis, reduction mammoplasty and mastopexy have been developed in a way that minimizes complications. Recently, as the mean age of breast cancer occurrence is decreasing, the need for breast reconstruction in patients with breast cancer is rising. If mastopexy is performed with breast reconstruction at the same time, the size of the normal breast and the new one is not quite different. We decided to apply Z-plasty, which is a widely-used technique in plastic surgery to lengthen or change the direction of tension of the tissue. Methods: From March 2008 to December 2009, we performed breast reconstruction in 6 patients with breast cancer and scar contracture. After breast reconstruction, mastopexy with Z-plasty was applied to correct the asymmetry. The new nipple-areolar complex is placed on the line connecting the midclavicle and the current nipple. The inferior border of the new areola corresponds with the inferior border of the original areola, and the superior border about 2 cm upward the original superior border. We drew two oblique lines connecting the medial end of the incision line lower to the nipple-areola complex and the lateral end of the inframammary fold for Z-plasty. The excess tissue between these two lines was removed and the new triangular flaps were put together. Results: The average age of patients was 42.6 years, aged from 36.1 to 48.1 The weight of removed tissue was between 54g and 95 g, with the mean of 74 g. The average distance from the midclavicle to the nipple was 24 cm before surgery, and 21 cm after the surgery. The average operation time per patient (1 mastopexy) was 45 minutes, and the patients were satisfied with the size and shape. Conclusion: Applying Z-plasty for the mastopexy on the normal breast ptosis is a relatively simple way to achieve symmetry in patients who need breast reconstruction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.400-408
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• 2010

Purpose: Complete septal extension grafts have been widely used in rhinoplasty for effective projection of the short retruded columella in Asian patients. Autologous septal cartilages and porous high-density polyethylene sheets are frequently used as septal extension grafts. This study was conducted to compare the postoperative results of porous polyethylene sheets and septal cartilages used for correction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities by using photogrammetric analysis. Methods: This study investigated a total of 49 patients with cleft lip nasal deformities who underwent corrective surgery, and were followed up for at least 6 months. Septal cartilages were used in 39 patients, and porous polyethylene sheets were used in 10 patients. In all patients, through the open rhinoplasty, complete septal extension grafts were sutured to the caudal margin of the septal cartilage, and the alar cartilage was sutured with suspension. The cleft side alar cartilage was overcorrected by approximately 3 - 5 mm. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated by using photogrammetric analysis. Five indices and 4 angles were measured on their photographs taken before and after the surgery. In patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities, symmetry was also evaluated by means of columellar length index. Results: The postoperative values obtained in photogrammetric analysis showed improvements in comparison with the preoperative ones. The polyethylene group produced more improved outcomes than the septal cartilage group but also resulted in more complications at the same time. Conclusion: The results of this study indicates that complete septal extension grafts are efficient for the correction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. However, since postoperative complications occur more frequently in the polyethylene group than in the septal cartilage group, caution is advised in using porous high-density polyethylene sheets in patients with cleft lip nasal deformities.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2010

Background and Objectives : Unilateral vocal fold paralysis is generally treated using injection laryngoplasty or voice therapy. However, the decision of treatment method is dependent on clinician's preference and hospital facilities without specific criteria. The purpose of the study was to examine factors predictive of voice therapy outcome in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Materials and Method : 38 patients diagnosed as unilateral vocal fold paralysis, aged from 24 to 81 years and undergone voice therapy more than 1 month were included. After 3 to 12 (mean 5.1) sessions of voice therapy, subjects had divided into responder group (RG, 28 patients) and non-responder group (NRG, 10 patients) according to G scale change. Paramters of perceptual assessment, acoustic and aerodynamic measure, and videostroboscopy were compared between two groups, and factors predictive of voice therapy result were analyzed. Results : RG patients showed significantly reduced rough, breathy, asthenic voice after voice therapy. Change of MPT and MFR was more substantial in RG than in NRG. By videostroboscopy, RG patients showed significantly more mucosal wave symmetry, glottal closure, reduced glottal gap index during the closed phase of phonation, while NRG patients showed more occurrences of abnomal supraglottic activities during phonation (p < 0.05). Poor outcome of voice therapy significantly associated with increased asthenic scale, short MPT, and less glottal closure (p=0.02). In addition, 90% of patients with MPT more than 5 seconds were in RG, whereas 56% of patients with MPT less than 5 secondes were in RG. Conclusion : Voice therapy is useful for large proportion of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis as an initial treatment method. However, patients with large asthenia scale, large glottic gap or MPT less than 5 seconds tend to have poor voice therapy outcome, and early injection laryngoplasty maybe recommended for these patients.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

솔잎 분말의 첨가농도를 0-8%로 달리하여 스펀지 케이크를 제조하고 물리화학적 품질, 항산화특성 및 소비자 기호도를 비교하였다. 솔잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 케이크의 pH는 단계별로 유의적으로 감소하였고, 반죽의 비중은 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 한편 수분함량은 솔잎 분말 첨가에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였고 굽기손실은 증가하였다(p<0.05). 케이크의 비체적, 높이, 부피지수 및 대칭지수 또한 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 밝기를 나타내는 $L^*$값은 솔잎 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 단계별로 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 적색도를 나타내는 $a^*$값은 뚜렷한 증가를 나타내었다. 황색도를 나타내는 $b^*$값은 솔잎 분말 첨가에 따라 급격히 감소하였으나 농도의 영향은 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 케이크의 경도는 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 항산화특성을 나타내는 총 페놀화합물 함량과 DPPH 전자공여능은 솔잎 분말 농도에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 그 증가효과는 DPPH 전자공여능에서 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 소비자 기호도 검사 결과 대부분의 평가항목에서 대조군과 2%, 4% 첨가군 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 따라서 스펀지 케이크의 관능적 품질과 건강 기능성 효과 등을 고려할 때 솔잎 분말을 2-4% 첨가한 스펀지 케이크가 가장 적절한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.494-503
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 스마트폰에서 웃음 치료를 위한 표정인식 애플리케이션을 제안한다. 제안된 방법에서는 스마트폰의 전면 카메라 영상으로부터 AdaBoost 얼굴 검출 알고리즘을 이용하여 얼굴을 검출한다. 얼굴을 검출한 다음에는 얼굴 영상으로부터 입술 영역을 검출한다. 그 다음 프레임부터는 얼굴을 검출하지 않고 이전 프레임에서 검출된 입술영역을 3단계 블록 매칭 기법을 이용하여 추적한다. 카메라와 얼굴 사이의 거리에 따라 입술 영역의 크기가 달라지므로, 입술 영역을 구한 다음에는 고정된 크기로 정규화한다. 그리고 주변 조명 상태에 따라 영상이 달라지므로, 본 논문에서는 히스토그램 매칭과 좌우대칭을 결합하는 조명 정규화 알고리즘을 이용하여 조명 보정 전처리를 함으로써 조명에 의한 영향을 줄일 수 있도록 하였다. 그 다음에는 검출된 입술 영상에 주성분 분석을 적용하여 특징 벡터를 추출하고 다층퍼셉트론 인공신경망을 이용하여 실시간으로 웃음 표정을 인식한다. 스마트폰을 이용하여 실험한 결과, 제안된 방법은 초당 16.7프레임을 처리할 수 있어서 실시간으로 동작 가능하였고 인식률 실험에서도 기존의 조명 정규화 방법보다 개선된 성능을 보였다.