• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

In Bongseon-ri site, the central type and the local type of the Baekje tombs co-exist together. Many swords with ring pommel which to regional leaders in Seocheon the Beekje government granted are excavated from these tombs. These represent that the regional leaders were controlled by the Baekje government gradually. Four swords with ring pommel and one simple sword are investigated metallurgically and we seek what swords have a function of weapon or what sword produce for grave goods. The simple sword is made by solid carburizing technology and quenching of heat treatment so it's possibly used as a weapon. In contrast, four swords with ring pommel has little chance of weapon because the blade of swords consists of microstructure that have low hardness and the back of swords don't have microstructure can absorb the shock. The most identical characteristic of the simple sword and swords with ring pommel is that they are possible to classify clearly into practical/non-practical tools. Additionally, according to non-metallic inclusion analysis result of these swords, w$\ddot{u}$stite and glass phase are found together. Thus, it is able to say that reduction method in low temperature is applied during smelting process.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the bioconcentration of dichlorvos, methidathion and phosalone in zebrafish (brachydanio rerio), red sword tail(Xiphophorus hellieri). The fishes were exposed to 0.05 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.50 ppm, one-hundredth concentration of 96-hrs LC$_{50}$ and one-thousandth concentration of 96-hrs LC$_{50}$ and test periods were 3, 5 and 8 days. The deputation rate of each pesticide from the whole body of fish was determined over the 24-hr period after treatment. Obtained results are summerized as follows: In the case of dichlorvos, dichlorvos concentration in zebrafish extract and BCF$_{s}$ of dichlorvos were increased as increasing test concentration. In the case of same experimental concentrations, dichlorvos concentration in zebrafish extract and BCF$_{s}$ of dichlorvos were decreased as proloning test periods, especially dropped after 5days. Dichlorvos concentration in red sword tail extract were increased as increasing test concentration, lyat BCF$_{s}$ in concentration of 0.05 ppm, 0.01 ppm and one-hundredth of 96-hrs LC$_{50}$ were decreased. Methidathion and phosalone concentration in zebrafish extract in zebrafish extract were increased as increasing test concentration, but there was little difference in BCF$_{s}$. In the case of same experimental concentrations, there were little differences in BCF$_{s}$ and concentration in zebrafish extract. In the case of red sword tail, it was impossible to calculate on BCF$_{s}$ data because test concentration was under the detecting limit on GC or test fish were die. Determined deputation rate conatant were highest on dichlorvos, and followed by methidathion, and phosalone. The results of determining depuration rate of these pesticides showed that the high BCF in fish might be due to the slow depuration rate in fish, it is thought to be responsible for vapor pressure, water solubility and partition coefficient. It is suggested that one-hundredth concentration of 96-hrs LC$_{50}$ will be proper test concentration because one-thousundth of LC$_{50}$ was under the detecting limit on GC. Dichlorvos, methidathion and phosalone, organophosphorous pesticides, were examined to their BCF$_{s}$ and depuration rates by means of fish test.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2001

Sword bean belongs to the subgenus Canavalia in the genus Canavalia. White and reddish varieties in sword bean were tested to obtain the basic information for improving the yield, quality, and cultural environments through the quantitative growth analysis. Growing plants were sampled at intervals of 10 days from 20 days after sowing. Whole plant weight increased during the period of 11-20 days after sowing in both varieties. The weight of each organ between two varieties increased similarly except leaf area. Whole plant weight changed more close to pod weight than any other characters. The leaf areas of both varieties increased from 50 days after sowing, var. white displayed S type curved line but var. reddish displayed slow S type curved line. The SGR of whole plant weight in both varieties had 3 maxima and 2 minima, 3 maxima and first minimum were shown at the same period but the second minimum was shown at different period. Both varieties showed bimodal curved line. All SGR of each organ and leaf area were shown the 2 maxima and 1 minimum in both varieties. The changes of SLA and LAR were not remarkable between two varieties but these were united together with the maximum of whole plant weight and root weight. ULWR and ULWR were shown similar in both varieties. Reddish variety was more prosperous in early growth stage than white variety because SLA, LAR and LWR were high. In surplus weight, both varieties increased rapidly during the period of 111-120 days after sowing that was applicable to the maximum SGR of pod weight. Surplus weight of var. white increased markedly during the same period comparing those of var. reddish.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.21
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• pp.77-99
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• 2000

Tumuli located in Chodang-dong in Kangreung City are sitesexcavated by the Museum of Kangreung University in 1993.Ofthese sites, a gilt bronze crown and gilt bronze sword with ring pommel with a tri-leaf ornament were excavated from the B-16tumulus. Underneath the gilt bronze crown was the gilt bronzes word with ring pommel with tri-leaf ornament, and these artifacts were treated with Polyurethane foams on the spot followed by special measures for conservation. This manuscript describes measures for conservation andanalysis with regard to the gilt bronze crown, gilt bronze sword with ring pommel with tri-leaf ornament and gilt bronze beltornaments. Bronze on the gilt bronze crown was completely corroded, therefore it was consolidated together with soil in the back of the artifact with Paraloid B72 after cleaning. Polyurethanefoams bottom was finished by applying the mixture of Epoxy resinAW106 and HV935K with soil. On the sword with ring pommel, the wooden part of the hilt was coated with Paraloid B72 (in Xylene) and the blade was consolidated with Paraloid NAD-10 30% after desalting with Sodium sesquicarbonate method. The gilt bronzebelt ornaments were treated with 3% Benzotriazole, coated with Paraloid B72 and then joined by using Cyanlacrylate. Specimens for the gilt bronze crown and gilt bronze belt ornaments were produced and gilding layers were examined under a metallographic microscope. The gilt bronze crown and the gilt bronze belt ornament maintained relatively good gilding quality with uniform gilding layers. Analysis of wood for the sheath of the sword with ring pommel revealed it to be Juglans mandshurica. Further more, analysis of constituents for a blue colored grassbead from dissolution of Polyurethane foams found it to be from the $Na_2O$-CaO-$AI_2O_3$-$SiO_2$ family.

• Mycobiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.54-56
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• 2000

A black scab disease occurred on sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) in plastic film houses around Chinju area during the spring season of 1999. The disease started from flower bud, then moved to flower stalk, pod, petiole, cirrus, stem and leaves. The lesions started with small dark brown spots then were gradually expanded. Severely infected plants reached 37.4% of whole plant covered with scab. Numerous conidia were produced on the diseased flower disk, pod, floral axis, stem and leaves. Most of the conidia were appeared to be readily dispersed in the air, but the mycelia were not suggested causing of sooty mold by ectoparasitism. A fungus was isolated from the diseased stem, and inoculated to healthy plants to satisfy the Koch's postulates and proved the fungus was the causal agent of the disease. The isolated fungus grew on potato dextrose agar, forming greenish black to pale brown colonies. Conidia were ellipsoidal, fusiform or subspherical, mostly one-celled but occasionally septated. The conidia were $3.9{\sim}34.1{\times}2.7{\sim}5.1\;{\mu}m$ in size and formed in long branched chains on the erected conidiophores which were pale olivaceous brown and variable in length between $7.2{\sim}210.7\;{\mu}m$ in size. Ramoconidia were $7.6{\sim}29.2{\times}3.2{\sim}14.4\;{\mu}m$ in size. The fungus was identified as Cladosporium cucumerinum based on the above morphological characteristics. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and conidial formation was about 15 to $25^{\circ}C$. Cladosporium scab of sword bean caused by the fungi has not been reported in Korea previously.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.26
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• pp.127-139
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• 2005

We have conserved the sword with round pommel with a tri-ring which was excavated from No. 1 tomb of the Duckcheon-ri at the Gyeongju and requested from Jungang Research Center of the Cultural Heritage. When this artifact excavated, it was pressed flat state because of the influence of earth pressure and stuck to a gravel and soil laid scattered on the wooden coffin. If the artifacts is handled without plan, it can be damaged, therefore that sword was collected together with soil using the Polyurethane foam. After the artifact which had a weak specific and was collected using a this method can be safetly collected as below; First, we made the supporter of article ordered using a silicon and gypsum. The silicon can conserve the weak point of the artifact because it has a flexible and smooth properties and the gypsum can adhere closely to the artifact because it has a little expansion and shrinking but a hard and fluid characters. Consequently, gypsum is a good complement to the weak point of the silicon. Second, During a remove gauze and a reinforcing agent from the surface of a artifact which was reinforced using a acetone steam method. The acetone steam method can be supplement to a dangerous problem of acetonedircet method because this can be damaged in a surface of the artifact.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

Culture Technology is the basic technology which produces cultural contents in a narrow sense. All nations do their best in order to create new contents which can form international and cultural sympathy. If a variety of contents are created by applying Korean proper cultural heritages, they will be creative and competitive internationally. Therefore, technology of original cultural restoration is an essential and crucial skill. In this paper, 'gilt bronze dragon-phoenix ring-pommeled sword', a cultural heritage of baekje age, will be restored to the original form digitally on the basis of three-dimensional shape-information processing technology and the scientifically analyzed data. First of all, data from three-dimensional scanning is revised using stuffing and smoothing methods after sampling, extracting characteristics, and align. Then, they are modeled in a curved surface with NURBS and B-Spline. Secondly, textures are edited by estimating the color of components and the quality of materials, and then they are mapped. Original form model which was made was revised and corrected by specialists' examinations. The digitally revised ring-pommeled sword was combined with information technology, and it can be used to revise damaged cultural heritages by constructing formal database of ring-pommeled sword with regard to age, area and type. It can be also used as educational contents in archaeology or preservation science and cultural contents such as movies, broadcasts, games, animations and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2012

This research aimed to examine the isoflavonoid contents, antibacterial activities, and physiological activities of Cheonggukjang made from sword bean (CS). The effects of adding sword bean were compared with those of raw materials (RM), steamed materials (SM), and traditional Cheonggukjang (TC). In the case of the antibacterial activity on Gram-positive bacteria, the result of CS in ethanol extract was the highest in Bacillus cereus, and the result of water extract was the highest in Staphylococcus aureus. However, in the case of Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella Typhimurium was the highest in all the extraction. Antioxidant activity and total flavonoid contents were present in the order of TC

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2009

This study was carried out to analyse the biological activity in soybean pastes with the sword beans and general soybean pastes. The electron donating activity of soybean pastes with the sword beans(J2, J4) was higher than other soybean pastes with value of $81.5{\pm}2.2%$ and $88.3{\pm}0.7%$, respectively. And the content of total phenol compounds was higher in J2 and J4 compared to the others with value of $1773.8{\pm}2.9\;mg/kg$ and $1785.7{\pm}3.9\;mg/kg$ respectively. ACE inhibitory effect was higher in J2 and J4 than other soybean pastes with value of $63.1{\pm}1.0%$, $62.1{\pm}1.4%$, respectively. And aglycone type(daidzein, genistein) isoflavone content was higher than glucoside type(daidzin, genistin). But tyrosinase inhibitory effect was not different among test samples. From the results, soybean pastes with the sword beans(J2, J4) have higher anti-oxidant activity and ACE inhibitory effect than other soybean pastes, therefore, it may have potential to prevent hypertension.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.317-327
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• 2014

Iron objects excavated from the sites of Mahan and Baekje are dominated by swords, spearheads and arrowheads. Spearheads usually have a function of weapon and swords with ring pommel are considered fancy articles because of ornament in ring pommel. In Gongju Suchon-ri site, the central type and the local type of the Baekje tombs co-exist together. The sword with ring pommel, the long sword and spearheads were excavated. They are investigated metallurgically and we focused of their functions and manufacturing techniques. Solid carburizing technology and quenching of heat treatment applied the sword with ring pommel was presumed as fancy article in the late 4th century while these techniques didn't apply spearhead from same tomb. This informed that the central government of Baekje had high technology on iron manufacture in 4th century. In case of local gentry, they didn't apply this high technology to mass-produced spearheads, even though they had it. Thus, it is able to say the sword with ring pommel was applied techniques of the central government and spearheads, the weapons were applied techniques of local societies.